Transport of Asian surface pollutants to the global stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region during the Asian summer monsoon

Due to its surrounding strong and deep Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and active surface pollutant emissions, surface pollutants are transported to the stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region, which may have critical impacts on global climate through chemical, microphysical and radiative processes. This article reviews major recent advances in research regarding troposphere–stratosphere transport from the region of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the total ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from satellite observations in the early 1990s, new satellite-borne instruments have become operational and have provided significant new information on atmospheric composition. In addition, in situ measurements and model simulations are used to investigate deep convection and the ASM anticyclone, surface sources and pathways, atmospheric chemical transformations and the impact on global climate. Also challenges are discussed for further understanding critical questions on microphysics and microchemistry in clouds during the pathway to the global stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau.     

Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus

The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes. Over the past decade, China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming. However, the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production (NEP) in China under climate changes are not well documented. Here, we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China''s NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country. Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of –5.95 Tg C/yr² (reduced sink) during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 Tg C/yr² (enhanced sink) during 2000–10. This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon, which stimulated carbon uptake, and the warming hiatus, which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend. Compared to the contribution of 56.3% by the climate effect, atmospheric CO₂ concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions (8.6 and 11.3%, respectively) to the shift. In conclusion, within the context of the global-warming hiatus, the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration. Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades, but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas.     

落实新时期发展战略 研究制定中长期发展规划——中国科学院召开夏季党组扩大会

本刊讯2003年7月28日—8月1日,中国科学院党组召开了夏季党组扩大会议。这次会议的主要任务是:学习理论,分析形势,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,贯彻新时期办院方针,落实新时期发展战略,研究中长期科技发展规划的制定和深化改革、推进知识创新工程试点、加强制度文明建设,部署下半年工作。会议原则通过了《关于研究制定我院中长期科学和技术发展规划的工作方案》、加强项目管理促进重大成果产出的政策措施和《中国科学院研究所所长负责制条例》、《中国科学院研究所党委工作条例》、《中国科学院研究所职工代表大会条例》;认真审议了《中国…     

论自身潜能的发现

一个人能否成功、能否发挥最大优势,与其是否发现自身潜能有很大关系.只有把奋斗的目标建立在与自身潜能相适应的基础上,才有实现成功的希望与可能.     

Discovery of the Rosette Eye

At a distance of about 5,000 light years from the Earth ,lies the Rosette Nebula, aninterstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma named ＂rose.＂ In the densest ridge of its parent molecular cloud, a team of international astrophysicists led by Dr. LI Jinzeng with the CAS National Astronomical Observatories witnessed the emergence of a baby massive star from its cocoon.     

全面总结知识创新工程试点工作 精心谋划未来宏伟蓝图——中共中科院党组召开2004年夏季党组扩大会议

2004年7月26—31日,中科院党组在京召开了夏季党组扩大会议。会议的主要任务是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入学习贯彻十六大和十六届三中全会精神,认真分析国内外政治经济和科技发展形势,牢固树立科学发展观,端正提升科技价值观,确立“以人为本,创新跨越,竞争合作,持续发展”的新的科技发展观,全面总结知识创新工程试点一期、二期工作,深入研究中科院中长期发展规划和试点三期工作,明确方向,规划未来,把知识创新工程试点推向“创新跨越、持续发展”新阶段。在学习的基础上,会议全面总结了知识创新工程试点前两个阶段的工…     

科学发现的再发现途径分析

科学发现的再发现是科学史中的一个重要现象,科学发现的再发现不是对前一次科学发现的简单重复,而是对前一次科学发现的升华。从科学思想产生的方法论角度对其产生的途径进行哲理上的类型化分析,使之条理化和系统化,有助于提高我们的创新能力。     

网上用户需求的发掘

因特网以惊人的速度飞速发展，它是完全开放的网络，面向全世界，面向全社会，是一个为所有人服务，所有人都可以使用的网络。世界上的任何一个人都可能是这……     

家庭教育从发现孩子开始

家庭教育是每个幼儿最先接触的教育,然而,就当前情况来看,我国幼儿的家庭教育有不少问题存在。本文结合《发现孩子》一书,谈论了家庭教育要遵从幼儿自由发展的规律,做到真正发现孩子。     

History and variability of East Asian monsoon climate since the late Miocene

The variability and dynamic mechanism of the East Asian monsoon climate is a major scientific puzzle in the exploration of global change. As early as in the late 1990s, a research team led by Prof. AN Zhisheng from the CAS Institute of Earth Environment started their work in this topic, with an objective of improving the hypothesis of monsoon-controlled East Asian environment and advancing the basic studies of past global changes in eastern Asia.     

常见网络故障的发现与解决

随着网络技术的飞速发展,计算机网络已经深入到社会生活的每一个领域,各种网络的出现极大地改变了我们的生活方式.但是,近年来各种各样网络故障也是层出不穷.如何排除这些网络故障,保证网络的平稳运行,是网络管理人员的首要任务.     

浅谈夏季危化品的贮存措施

炎热的夏季是危险化学品生产,贮存企业安全生产事故多发季节,如何降低危险化学品生产经营企业在这一季节的生产事故,尤其是危化品在夏季的贮存降温问题,一直是安监部门和危化企业共同探讨的话题.本文主要探讨了夏天温度较高的情况下,贮存危化品需要采取的一些安全措施.     

对图书电子商务未来发展思考

本文探讨了国内网上书店在现实情况下存在的问题，并提出了网上书店未来发展的对策，说明要理性地看待网上购书问题。     

科学发现的知识结构——以宇称不守恒发现为例

 本文通过文献共被引的方法,以宇称不守恒的发现为案例,构建了其发现过程的知识结构与知识流动链路,分析了其知识来源、各知识间的关系与知识更新过程。结果表明,宇称不守恒发现的知识来源都属于粒子物理领域,但分属不同的研究主题;知识间的联系存在着逻辑上内在不一致且存在较为丰富的结构洞;知识的更新过程具有阶段性与层次性。通过案例分析,证明文献共被引方法是分析科学发现的知识结构、研究科学发现模式的一种有效手段。文章最后对后续研究进行了展望。     

论知识发现的技术与方法

文章在分析知识发现基本概念的基础上,阐释了知识发现的基本原理,探讨了知识发现的主要技术方法及其基本思想,最后总结了知识发现技术的研究趋势。     

浅谈DNA发现之路

从选择研究材料步步逼近生命遗传物质的本质DNA分子。伴随研究重心在西欧和北美来回变迁,吸引来众多不同学科的代表人物。围绕DNA分子的探索和模型的建立,显现各路研究者不同反响的研究格调和学养,或许我们能从他们身上吸取到某些有益的东西。     

Neural opinion dynamics model for the prediction of user-level stance dynamics

Social media platforms allow users to express their opinions towards various topics online. Oftentimes, users’ opinions are not static, but might be changed over time due to the influences from their neighbors in social networks or updated based on arguments encountered that undermine their beliefs. In this paper, we propose to use a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to model each user’s posting behaviors on Twitter and incorporate their neighbors’ topic-associated context as attention signals using an attention mechanism for user-level stance prediction. Moreover, our proposed model operates in an online setting in that its parameters are continuously updated with the Twitter stream data and can be used to predict user’s topic-dependent stance. Detailed evaluation on two Twitter datasets, related to Brexit and US General Election, justifies the superior performance of our neural opinion dynamics model over both static and dynamic alternatives for user-level stance prediction.