试论行政诉讼证明责任的特点

证明责任制度是诉讼法证据制度的核心，文章从证明责任的证明对象、证明内容、证明责任分配、证明程度与效力等方面对证明责任的特点作了浅近的论述与探讨。     

民事诉讼证明责任制度研究与完善

证明责任是证据制度的核心，是民事诉讼的脊梁，然而我国民事诉讼法第六十四条关于举证责任制度的规定较为简单，权威部门的司法解释也存在局限性，因此，我国迫切需要构建完备的证明责任制度，以满足审判实践的需要。本文阐述了现代证明责任概念的本质，区分证明责任与举证责任，在分析了我国民事诉讼证明责任制度的缺憾的基础上，论证了重构证明责任制度的意义。     

论寻衅滋事罪的证明

对寻衅滋事罪正确定罪量刑，需要对影响犯罪构成要件的事实和影响刑事责任情节的事实加以证明。在证明中要注意证明行为的本质特征是无事生非，主观故意内容是扰乱社会公共秩序，行为性质是追求精神刺激、填补精神空虚。在实践中应避免几个误区：该罪也会侵犯人身权利和财产权利，对共同行为和多次行为可以概括认定。     

a＋b／2＞√ab及延伸式的几何证明

a b/2＞√ab作为最基本的不等式，其最常规的代数证明法已为人们所熟知，是否有其他的证明方法或技巧呢?在通过一定的研究后，向大家推荐一种用特定的几何图形为依据，对这一不等式及其延伸式的证明方法，供大家参考。     

刑事证明责任分配原理

对证明责任的分配是由诉讼双方完成其证明责任需满足的证明标准决定的,当事实主张方完成所规定的证明责任时,主张方证明责任卸除并同时转移到诉讼另一方。但事实主张和案件的诉讼主体不同,双方要满足的证明标准也不同。证明标准的法律设定差异决定了证明责任在司法证明发生前便得到了明确的分配。     

一个猜想的证明

1一个猜想文[1]中提出了一个猜想,叙述如下:设单位圆的方程为(x-1)2 y2=1,圆心为A,与x轴交于O,B点.给定正数h(h<2),在OB上依次取点h,2h,3h,…,nh,显然n=[2/h](表示取整).过点ih(i=1,2,3,…,n)作x轴的垂线,记垂线在圆内线段为ai(i=1,2,3,…,n)(图1),则由射影定理或直接由圆方程线段ai的长度为ih(2-ih)~(1/2),故n条线段ai(i=1,2,3,…,n)的长度总和为     

数学证明教学策略探索

证明可以分为实用性证明和理性的证明两类.学生学习数学证明前已有实用性证明观念,教师在数学证明入门教学中常常忽视学生的实用性证明观念.数学证明入门教学的有效策略是:实现由实用性证明到理性证明的过渡,并应有较为合理的证明教学观.     

不等式的证明方法

高等数学能提供大量的不等式和等式，利用它来证明初等不等式，可使证明过程更简便．     

Disillusionment of the American Dream——On An American Tragedy

Theodore Dreiser is now regarded as one of the pre-eminent American realistic novelists of the first half of the twentieth century.an anatomist of the American Dream.In his great work An American Tragedy,Dreis- er exposes and criticizes mercilessly the corruption and black side of American society.The disillusionment of the American Dream is an important theme of the fiction.This paper illustrates "An American Tragedy" is the re- flection of disillusionment of the American Dream in the perspectives of the tragedy of a mortal,the tragedy of American society,and the tragedy of the American Dream.     

弗洛伊德“性力升华说”探微

弗洛伊德坚持“性欲乃是人类取得的一切成就的源泉”，认为“本能的升华是最引人注目的文化发展的特征；正是由于升华，高级的心智活动、科学活动、艺术活动或思想活动才成为可能。”人们对此很有异议。其实，弗洛伊德是在对“性”的最广泛意义的理解基础上创建他的“动力心理学”的，他试图从他对人的个体心理理解的立场出发，来解释人类的全部历史、全部事件和社会生活的结构，并以此建立一整套关于人类精神生活规律的学说和理论。深入探寻弗洛伊德性学说的底蕴，澄清他的“性力”、“原欲”概念的内涵，真正领悟其“升华”思想的真谛，才有可能拓宽我们的视野，深化对复杂纷繁的人的精神世界的研究。     

矛盾的斗争性和同一性关系再认识

在我国构建和谐社会的实践中,对于唯物辩证法对立统一学说的认识需要深化。我们长期以来坚持的"矛盾的斗争性是无条件的绝对的,矛盾的同一性是有条件的相对的。矛盾的斗争性的绝对性体现了物质运动的绝对性,矛盾同一性的相对性体现了物质静止的相对性"的认识值得反思。实践表明,矛盾的斗争性和同一性都既有绝对性的一面,又有相对性的一面。运动的绝对性和静止的相对性是与矛盾普遍性的绝对性和矛盾特殊性的相对性直接相联系的。我们必须完整科学地把握马克思主义经典作家关于对立统一学说的论述,深化矛盾斗争性和同一性关系和作用的认识。     

关于集合的平移及其性质

本文主要讨论平移集合的最基本性质,即集合的并,合的平移性,集合的基数的平移性,集合的有界性的平移性,极值性的平移性,可数集合的平移性等问题。     

效率与公平的实现

文章在分析效率和公平的经济学和伦理学双重意义的基础上 ,认为效率与公平的实现要发挥市场与政府的作用 ,但必须看到政府与市场作用的发挥受到限制 ,提出利用社会道德力量弥补市场与政府在调节效率与公平方面的不足     

基于思想实验对高校实验室建设的思考

从思想实验的概念出发,阐述了新时期高校实验室建设的理念,分析了传统思想指导下高校基础课教学实验室建设与管理的局限性,提出了基于新理念对高校实验室建设与管理的若干思考,进而展望了引进云计算技术是高校实验室建设与发展的必然趋势.     

词义的召唤性与训诂的创造性

本文有感于汉语词汇学、传统训诂学和中国古典解释学研究的深层需要,尝试着提出了“词义的召唤性与训诂的创造性”的理论范畴。上篇论述词义的召唤性及其形成的根据与功能,下篇探讨训诂的创造性及其形成的根据与效应。从而强调：词义的召唤性,是词义的基本特性之一,它体现了人与词义、人与世界的关系;训诂的创造性,是训诂的基本特性之一,它反映了人与文化典籍、人与解释活动的关系。而词义的召唤性,又是训诂创造性的形成根据;训诂的创造性,又是词义召唤性的语用效应。二者互动共变。     

Public education and the post-fordist accumulation regime: A case study of Australia

This paper discusses the current radical changes in the Australian education policy. Central to the argument is the claim that the radical restructuring of the public sector hastened the loss of the possibility of any critical evaluation of national policy.The paper argues that this shift has been forced on the Australian state by the objective conditions expressed in a new realignment of the dominant transnational capital with the subordinate domestic capital, and in the shifts in a global capacity for consumption. The argument is underpinned by the claim that a new, post-Fordist (or flexible specialization) regime of capital accumulation is at present replacing the Fordist regime of mass production and consumption.The paper further argues that in order to achieve the system-preferred changes in the Australian education policy, the Australian government introduced radical changes in the production rules of policy formation. This involved a narrowing of policy making context and, crucially, an exclusion of voices critical of the shift towards economic reductionism.This loss of a critical sensibility constitutes the central concern of this paper. To advance the argument, in Part One, the paper discusses the relationship between the Australian state and the post-Fordist objective conditions of capital accumulation. Part Two argues that the lack of intellectual tradition in Australian public life was at least partially responsible for the easy passage given to neoclassical economics¹ perspective in becoming a dominant public policy paradigm. Part Three locates the role of education within the context of the European philosophical tradition. It provides the link between critical sensibility, the project of Western civilization (which clearly extends beyond the modern vs. postmodern dichotomy), and the role of public discourse. Finally, the paper argues that education policy needs to take the issue of critical sensibility seriously. For this reason, it needs to be informed by a desire to go beyond the mere technical fit between graduates and the workplace, and allow itself to be inspired by new ideas, and new ways of seeing.Parts One and Two of this Article appeared in INTERCHANGE, Vol. 26, #2, 1995.     

What Education do you Miss by Going to School? Children's 'Coming-to-Knowing' About Science and Their Environment

Starting from Whitehead's notions of education as "the art of the utilisation of knowledge" and his rationale for eradicating "the fatal disconnection of subjects which kills the vitality of the modern curriculum," the article explores how these ideas relate to the current political realities of primary education in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. This is exemplified through a focus on learning about one's environment and the consequent tension between direct perception through non-school activities and the teaching of ideas via the formal school curriculum. A resolution is proposed which involves considering the learner's perspective, and the implications for teachers in terms of 'letting pupils in' to the teachers' own learning and their awareness of a plurality of ways of knowing.     

抵押、质押与留置之异同

根据市场经济运行的需要,我国担保法确立了抵押、质押、留置三种担保形式,这三种形式各有其不同的适用范围,不同的操作方法,但都同属担保物权,是在债权上设定的物权,以担保债权的实现。三种担保形式的应用有其共同点,也有其不同点,注意它们的异同,正确理解三种担保形式的法律含义,熟练掌握它们的操作方法,是依法保障经济运行的前提条件。