浅析建筑学专业大学生热衷社会实践的应对策略

本文通过对当前在建筑高校中出现的建筑学专业学生独立进行社会实践的现象剖析,提出建筑学专业的学生在校学习专业、提高自己的设计能力和职业能力的重要性以及应对策略来改变现有的教育与社会需求的矛盾。     

基于社会需求的工程教育教学流程探析

我国工业转型升级对工程教育提出了新的要求。基于社会需求分析,运用流程再造理论,对工程教育教学流程的环节进行分析,梳理了存在的主要问题,针对这些问题从三个方面给出了对策建议。     

科学教育的社会需要研究

本文用报刊检索法调查社会对科学教育的需要 ,两份调查的结果一致表明 ,创新精神和创新能力培养是现今社会对科学教育的最主要需要。     

Explore the needs of the elderly with social awareness

With the growing trend in population aging, declining birthrates, and changing patterns in living arrangements, aging in place has become a primary choice for elderly people after retirement (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2010). Home care service has become a key aspect of successful aging so that recent studies started to examine how to serve the dailyneeds for the elderly by adopting new home care services, in particular technology-enabled services for better living. This study applied Maslow’s theory to conduct an in-depth assessment on elders need and examine the factors that influence their satisfaction.Based on the concept of the social change process model (Glofia 1983), the “social awareness” on seeking external (societal) help to solve the problem was proposed and tested on its moderating effects in satisfying elder’s needs. The results from the empirical testing reveal that that elderly people rely on assistance from others and home-care service providers mediating the service to satisfaction when they are in less favorable health and economic conditions.     

Additional support needs reforms and social justice in Scotland

New additional support‐needs legislation in Scotland sought to recognise the way in which poverty, as well as individual impairment, contribute to the creation of children's difficulties in learning. As well as identifying a wider range of needs, the legislation sought to provide parents, irrespective of social background, with more powerful means of challenging local authority decisions on resource allocation, with the aim of delivering a fairer system. This paper uses Scottish Government statistics and family case studies drawn from an ESRC‐funded project (RES‐062‐23‐0803) to examine the links between social deprivation, the identification of additional support needs and parents' ability to use the new dispute resolution mechanisms. There is a strong association between the identification of additional support needs and social deprivation and this is particularly marked in relation to non‐normative difficulties, such as social, emotional and behavioural difficulties, compared with normative difficulties such as blindness and deafness. Statutory educational plans, which provide greater rights to additional resources and formal dispute resolution mechanisms, are disproportionately distributed to parents in more advantaged neighbourhoods. Parents from middle‐class backgrounds appear to be able to use their social and cultural capital more effectively to challenge local authority decisions. The paper concludes that some funding for additional support needs should be allocated on the basis of social deprivation, but there continues to be a need for the assessment and resourcing of individual needs, since poverty has material consequences for individual children, whose difficulties may be overlooked if an entirely systemic approach is adopted. There is a need for greater investment in advocacy service to enable parents from poorer backgrounds to exercise their rights.     

Educating leaders for social justice: the case of special educational needs co-ordinators

In the light of policy imperatives to initiate and maintain inclusive education reforms, the role of special educational needs co-ordinators (SENCOs) in England and Wales should be reconceptualised with a view to their leading school reforms commensurate with the principles of an inclusive discourse. The article concentrates on the social justice dimension of educational leadership to advance discussion of the changing role of SENCOs. It is suggested that, apart from the operational and strategic aspects of their redefined leadership role, SENCOs should be empowered to embrace a social justice discourse in tackling power inequities and systemic educational inequalities that undermine inclusive education reforms.     

The Rules Grid: helping children with social communication and interaction needs manage social complexity

This article introduces a new practical visual approach, the Rules Grid, to support children who have social communication and interaction needs. The Rules Grid involves a system whereby behaviours of concern can be broken down into smaller behavioural manifestations which in turn lead not only to problem identification and specification, but provide a visible structure to support behaviour change at a reasonably micro level. The paper provides an overview of the theory and research that support visual approaches before outlining some important examples of visual strategies. This is followed by a presentation of a single case study which illustrates how the Rules Grid could be used.     

Helping social workers address the educational needs of foster children

OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Education Initiative, an intervention program in one of the largest urban counties in the US seeking to increase the responsiveness of social workers to the educational needs of foster children. METHOD: A pre-post test control group design was used. Data from case files and social workers were examined at the start of the project and 18 months later to determine changes in social workers' (a) knowledge and practices regarding school programs and services and (b) maintenance of educational records for children on their caseloads. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from approximately 300 case files and over 200 questionnaires completed by social workers. Findings indicated that social workers who received training and had access to an education liaison (1) increased their knowledge about the school system and (2) were more likely to gather current educational data and comment on schooling needs in the case files. On questionnaires measuring knowledge and practices, supervisory social workers showed no gains while case workers increased their levels of knowledge and involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluative data from both sources support the effectiveness of this collaborative model between the school and child welfare agency for addressing the educational needs of foster youth. Social workers in the pilot offices knew more and focused more on the school experience of youth on their caseloads than workers in the control offices. They reported more educational information in the case files and solicited current progress reports from the schools. Discrepancies between worker and school reported performance data raise questions as to whether social workers by themselves are the most effective advocates for foster children.     

基于社会需求的网络融合意义探讨

近年来,日新月异的信息化浪潮席卷世界,依托互联网新技术的各种新事物、新媒体不断涌现,丰富多彩的网络世界强烈地影响着我们的生活。不论你是在城市还是在农村,随时随地都可以感受到从固定到移动、从语音到图像、从通信到视频的信息化生活。网络融合适应了社会发展,满足了人们的需要,本文从社会需求的角度探讨其融合的意义。     

Philosophy with children,self-regulation and engaged participation for children with emotional-behavioural and social communication needs

This study examined the effectiveness of Community of Philosophical Inquiry (CoPI) as an inclusive pedagogical approach by which to support the communicative interaction and opportunities for collaborative dialogue for children with social, emotional and behavioural needs in two mainstream classes. There is currently no empirical work that considers children with these particular needs participating in practical philosophy, particularly in CoPI. Two groups of children, aged between nine and twelve, engaged in CoPI over a period of 10 weeks. The philosophy sessions were conducted as part of the regular class work. The results show that the children were able to engage in collaborative, philosophical dialogue with their peers without being any more disruptive than their classmates. The findings of this study lead to the assertion that it is the structure of CoPI that supported the children’s engaged participation and self-regulation and that this might usefully be considered in creating classroom activities for all children.     

面向社会需求的资源环境与城乡规划管理专业培养模式分析与优化

针对资源环境与城乡规划管理专业的不断兴起和存在的现实问题,在对该专业的社会人才需求条件进行分析的基础上,从客观实际出发探讨了该专业的多学科交叉综合性人才培养模式的优化途径,以期使该专业进一步培养出更高质量的复合型和应用型高级专门人才,使用人单位和学生个人的发展达到双赢的效果。     

Using preferred interests to model social skills in a peer-mentored environment for students with special educational needs

This study explored the benefits of using preferred interests to model social skills in a peer-mentored environment for students with special educational needs (SEN). Research suggests that in order for true inclusion to take place, students must participate socially with their peers, outside the classroom space. However, funding and availability of resources are the main barriers to inclusion being fully implemented in Irish schools. This research sought to assess how a peer-mentored social skills club could facilitate an inexpensive approach of including students with SEN, outside the classroom. The group agreed on a technology-based club. Senior students were encouraged to take a lead role in the organisation and participation of the group and to support junior students via modelling of good social and leadership skills. Results revealed that students with SEN reported that a social group facilitated them to make new friendships while also allowing them to develop their social skills. The findings suggest that the addition of a student without an SEN, who took a lead role in this group, had a positive effect on this club and facilitated the inclusion of students with SEN into the wider school environment.     

The role of received social support and self-efficacy for the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in teacher education

We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study in 2016 with 697 student teachers from two Universities. The study used structural equation modelling to analyse the effects of received social support from family and fellow-students as well as perceived self-efficacy in relation to the basic psychological needs in teacher education. To measure the effects of received social support on the satisfaction of basic needs, we developed two scales adapting Mansfield’s qualitative approach on teacher resilience. Perceived self-efficacy turned out to be effected directly by received fellow-students’ support as well as having a mediation effect on higher levels of autonomy and competence, whereas received family support leads only to higher levels of autonomy. Especially received fellow-students’ support is directly connected to higher levels of need satisfaction. Finally, we discuss conclusions for shaping conditions of university-life according to experiencing what is necessary for a higher level of perception and satisfaction of basic psychological needs.     

Special needs education as a social system: responding to the challenge of methodology

In this concluding article we discuss how the different contributors of this special issue deal with the methodological challenges in special needs education research. The shift from an individual perspective towards an interactional and systemic point of view in special educational needs research has introduced research methods that are able to describe the complexity and the recursiveness of the social reality under study. The different studies presented in this issue provide interesting illustrations of some of these methods. The discussion of these studies makes it clear that social cultural theory is a useful framework for research on special needs education. It is suggested that in their investigations researchers should attach importance to the meaning of discourse and keep their minds open to change and new challenges.     

口算和估算的社会需要与教学现状分析

口算和估算的内容和形式具有特殊性，人们在日常生活中十分广泛地应用着口算和估算。《数学课程标准》强调“应重视口算，加强估算”，并对口算与估算的教学，提出了十分明确的要求。然而，从我们对口算和估算的教与学的调查情况来看，现状十分令人担忧。因此，有必要加强对口算和估算的教与学现状进行研究，并采取相应的措施和对策，切实把《数学课程标准》中，“应重视口算，加强估算”的要求落到实处。     

Innovative practices for needs assessors

To illustrate contemporary modifications to focus group procedures and survey data, this article reviews a needs assessment commissioned by a nonprofit youth organization interested in determining if a health center should be built. Besides illustrating new assessment techniques and the resulting data for the case study, it shows assessors how to specify concrete benchmarks to obtain indisputable evidence of optimal performance.     

Developing social and emotional fluency: an evaluation of a therapeutic group for girls who attend a school for students with complex needs

Beverley Flitton is a PhD student a the University of Hertfordshire, where Julia Buckroyd is Professor of Counselling, and Maria Vassiliou is employed at Durants School, Enfield, as a nursery nurse. In this article, they describe the process of setting up and running a therapeutic group for girls in a school for students with learning difficulties and complex needs in London, England. Six girls, from years 9 and 10, aged 14 to 15, participated in the group. They were offered 23 weeks of group work. The six girls, their teachers and their teaching assistants were interviewed before and after the series of sessions using a semi-structured schedule. These interviews formed a core part of an evaluation of the impact of the therapeutic group and data were also gathered from notes taken in the group sessions. This article describes the issues presented by the girls and their development in the group. Staff reported significant changes in two of the students and noticeable changes in the remaining four. The girls reported an awareness of changes in themselves and Beverley Flitton, Julia Buckroyd and Maria Vassiliou, reflecting on the girls' emotional problems and social development, suggest that they were able to transfer skills gained in the group into other situations.