Visual Maps of the World Wide Web

Summary

The difficulties of finding intellectual content in the multidimensional environment of the Internet pose new problems for the LIS professionals and for the users they seek to serve. Many Internet users report the “lost in cyberspace” phenomenon and print publishing has flourished surrounding users' need to find good intellectual content on the World Wide Web. This paper examines the cognitive aspects of arrangement and organization on the Internet and then examines some of the techniques being used to create maps of the intellectual content found there. Through many centuries, maps have been a helpful cognitive aid in providing a practical congruence between a large, three dimensional landscape and a portable, intuitive, two dimensional reference source. Some of the same features of maps are being used to provide some cognitive sense of the contents of special topical areas on the Internet and particularly the World Wide Web.     

Breaking down information barriers: a guide to international research of medical resources on the World Wide Web

The purpose of this paper is to facilitate international research of medical resources on the World Wide Web. International research consists of overcoming a unique set of obstacles and challenges that are not involved when undertaking research tasks using only U.S.-based information. Utilizing the World Wide Web can help us to overcome most of the restraints we would have to face when we perform research outside of our local geography. Currently, there are a number of Internet Web sites that may assist us in breaking down the barriers to undertaking international research.     

基于WWW的文本信息挖掘

基于 Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ 的信息挖掘是数据挖掘和数据仓库技术中的重要组成部分,也是网络信息处理领域中的一项新课题。本文介绍了网络信息挖掘的概念,并给出了在 Ｗｏｒｌｄ Ｗｉｄｅ Ｗｅｂ 上针对文本信息进行信息挖掘的算法和步骤。     

An examination of motivations for using the World Wide Web

Using data collected from students at a fully networked university community, this study examines patterns of World Wide Web use and how they may relate to gratifications people seek from traditional media. Path analyses show that beliefs about the Web predict gratifications sought, and that the latter predict gratifications obtained, with considerable reliability. More importantly, entertainment, surveillance, and passing time—gratifications typically associated with television and newspaper use—prove to be significant predictors of World Wide Web site visitation. Thus, the data indicate that Internet use may be understood and predicted through the application of traditional gratification typologies.     

Internet Resources for Educational Research

Abstract

This article focuses on the current status of the Internet for scholarly research in the field of education on the eve of the millennium, highlighting several categories of resources: commercial databases, government and educational association Web sources, and specialty Web pages. After a brief speculation concerning the possible future of Internet and World Wide Web information in future educational research and scholarly activities, the chapter concludes with a Webliography of the Internet sites highlighted in the article.     

GENERAL SESSION

Information delivery via the Internet has changed dramatically since 1991. Wiggins's presentation provides an overview of recent developments in information delivery with an emphasis on the explosive growth of the World Wide Web, and offers comments on a number of areas that pose significant challenges for users of the Internet.     

Open All Night

Abstract

Archives can successfully use the Internet to enhance the level of access to information about their holdings, programs and services. The Internet can be used to improve the efficiency of traditional reference services and enable the institution to expand the level of use without an increased burden on existing resources. This essay reviews the experiences of the New York State Archives and Records Administration (SARA), which operates a variety of Internet services using Gopher and the World Wide Web. The essay focuses on how SARA selected and prepared information for Internet access, and how it has incorporated the Internet into its routine operations.     

The Evolution of Internet Training in a Corporate Library

Summary

In the last six years, training corporate employees how to use the Internet for business purposes has changed dramatically. The emphasis has shifted primarily to the World Wide Web, and more on how to use it most effectively, rather than on just the basics of how to use it from square one. This article describes how Internet training sessions given by librarians at the National Broadcasting Company have evolved since 1995, and details the lessons of today, while looking toward the ones of tomorrow.     

Context for Collaboration

Abstract

This article considers the use of filtering software (“censor-ware”) and the World Wide Web. It argues that the United States government, religious groups, and corporations should not deter freedom of speech and access to information in libraries. The article describes how governments and religious groups try to prevent Web sites from reaching Internet users, and explains how corporations sell and use filters for their own benefit. It also introduces organizations that rate Web sites as an alternative to electric filters, and presents people and groups that oppose filtering. In conclusion, it supports the idea that librarians and information professionals can educate Internet users without the interference of external entities and censorship.     

Job Searching on the World Wide Web

The Internet is being increasingly used both by job seekers and companies as a resource for employment opportunities and recruiting. Job listings, career development "centers," and company information are available on every internet tool: listservs, newsgroups, gophers, telnet sites, and the World Wide Web. This article will explore the capabilities of the Web as a tool for finding employment and developing a career.     

The land of confusion?: High school students and their use of the World Wide Web for research

The use of the World Wide Web by high school students to complete school assignments was studied by interviewing high school students. The author expected to find that students were using the World Wide Web as their primary source of information and that the students had difficulty in evaluating whether information on a web site was scholarly. The author considered Perry's Scheme of Student Development and the unique nature of the World Wide Web to come to these assumptions, which were only partially validated by this study. As is typical in a qualitative study, the sample was small, but some themes that could help provide direction to further research emerged. It was discovered that the students in the study used a good variety of resources, including libraries and the World Wide Web, to find information for school assignments. However, the students were weak at determining the quality of the information that they found on a web site. Students did poorly at evaluating web site information in the absence of gatekeepers.     

WWW 检索工具的原理和实践

本文在总结WWW 上信息查找方法和原理的基础上, 归纳出基于超文本的信息查找和基于检索工具的信息查找两种方法。着重描述了WWW 检索工具的技术指标和特点, 最后介绍了一个著名的WWW 检索工具WebCrawler 的功能和使用步骤。     

分面分类在网络资源组织中的应用

针对网络信息资源的特点,构想在网络信息资源组织中使用分面分类的几种方式,包括在编制分类搜索引擎的分类表时使用复分表、仿分,在信息标引中使用分面叙词表,在综合性分类搜索引擎的检索界面上部分使用分面分类思想,在专业性搜索引擎检索界面上完全使用分面分类表进行可视化检索等。     

Finding the Missing Link: How Cataloging Bridges the Gap Between Libraries and the Internet

Summary

Information from government sources is being added to the Internet at an ever-increasing rate. Catalogers at Penn State are working with AACR2, OCLC's Internet Cataloging Project (Inter-cat), and the creators of the Penn State Libraries' World Wide Web Home Page to include both Internet sites and electronic publications in the library's online catalog. The use of cataloging records to show relationships between Internet resources and the printed materials that they supplement or replace is demonstrated.     

Computerized and networked government information

This column examines several systems that provide access to U.S. federal or state bills via the Internet. These include the Government Printing Office's GPO ACCESS, the Library of Congress' THOMAS, the House of Representatives gopher system, and the California State Senate's World Wide Web server.     

网格技术给中国图书馆带来了什么

图书馆是信息技术的主要及前沿应用领域,而计算机专家认为:网格将掀起因特网和万维网之后的又一次技术浪潮,因此,研究网格技术给图书馆带来的新的发展空间理应受到业界人士的普遍关注。     

Web sites for midwives

With increasingly more useful information becoming available on the World Wide Web and with the Internet becoming accessible to everyone, an organized and annotated review of sites beneficial to midwives is an important tool. In addition to being useful to midwifery professionals, this listing will be helpful to nursing and midwifery educators and students, to pregnant women and their families, and to the reference librarian providing assistance to these individuals. This article provides individuals interested in midwifery with the ability to choose from evaluated Web sites.     

Internet Economics: An Annotated Bibliography

This is an annotated bibliography of recent works (papers, articles, and book chapters) in the burgeoning field of Internet economics. Publications on Internet economics were sought through traditional research means and by searching the World Wide Web. An introduction to the bibliography explains how the references were sought and identifies key themes that emerge from the research, particularly as they relate to media scholarship. Entries are listed in alphabetical order. Each citation is accompanied by an annotation of at least a few sentences that summarize the cited work's key points as they relate to Internet economics.     

Web Accessibility Assessment of Urban Public Library Websites

In an age of ubiquitous information and communication technologies, urban public libraries are some of the only places to provide free Internet access for all members of the community regardless of ability or disability. This study provides a website accessibility assessment of the 127 U.S. public library members of the Urban Library Council, using the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines to establish the level of Web readiness of urban public libraries to meet the needs of individuals with disabilities. Findings suggest these libraries require additional and ongoing maintenance to be digitally inclusive.