虚拟国际规范文档——连接德国国家图书馆和美国国会图书馆的规范文档

德国国家图书馆、美国国会图书馆和OCLC联机计算机图书馆中心联合开发了一个个人名称的虚拟国际规范文档(VIAF),它连接世界各国国家书目机构的规范记录,并免费提供网上检索,以证明自动连接不同国家规范文档的规范记录的可行性和优点.美国国会图书馆和德国国家图书馆的规范文档和书目文档被用来创建初始的VIAF,其中包括600多万个名称和50多万个连接.该项目的一个关键点是利用规范记录和其对应书目记录的信息开发自动名称匹配算法.该项目显示了用算法建立不同国家规范文档的个人名称之间连接的实用性.VIAF项目的长远目标是将许多国家图书馆和其他重要来源的规范名称结合起来,形成一个共享的全球规范服务.参考文献3.     

Use and Management of a Hard Disk in the Reference Department

The intention of this article is to provide a summary of practical tips and useful guidelines on how to proceed when first using a hard disk. The basic setup of a hard disk drive is reviewed and examples for use in a medical reference department are given. A discussion of IBM's Fixed Disk Organizer program serves as an example in organizing the hard disk into subdirectories and utilizing various application programs such as word processors, spread sheets, graphics packages, communications software, and tutorials. Options for hard disk backup are included as well as an appendix that summarizes a number of DOS commands which are useful for managing files on the hard disk.     

Centering Essential Immigrant Help on the Library Web site: The American Place (TAP) at Hartford Public Library

If public libraries are going to provide essential information to immigrants, they must center their efforts to help on streamlining government Web sites. The necessity for this library approach comes because of the way government agencies have chosen to communicate with immigrants and others in need of government services. This article details how Hartford Public Library developed The American Place, an electronic information center, on its Web site. In the process, staff members had to become expert in finding, analyzing, organizing and communicating information on many different kinds of immigration and refugee institutions. Other public libraries about to organize or improve the electronic information for immigrants on their Web sites will find much here to help them in their work.     

从隐蔽网络到国际互联网信息资源控制计划

介绍隐蔽网络研究概况和国际互联网信息资源控制计划的要点及纲要。     

The Effectiveness of Librarian Searching of Google,WorldCat, and a Library Online Catalog

As studies show, undergraduates needing information frequently begin their research in a search engine such as Google rather than a library online catalog. To test the efficacy of that research approach, a local usability study of fifty topics in ten disciplines of study was performed. In a comparison of WorldCat.org and Google Books to the library catalog, it was found that more than double the number of hits to library-held material was found by searching WorldCat.org than the library online catalog alone. It was also learned that twice as many hits to articles and material within a thirty-mile radius were found in WorldCat.org and Google Books as compared to searching the online catalog alone. These results suggest the need to improve the native interface of catalogs and for continued placement of resources outside the library catalog.     

清华大学图书馆INNOPAC系统中规范库(名称规范)的建立

名称规范是规范工作的重要组成部分，经过清华大学图书馆规范库（名称规范）建立的具体实践，作者从规范文档建立的原则、收录的范围、建立的过程、规范记录的格式、建立名称规范存在的主要问题及对今后发展的建议五方面进行了深入的探讨和总结。     

External Influences on Public Library Management in the 21st Century

No abstract available for this article.     

美国国会图书馆网络信息保存项目Minerva及启示

本文从基本情况、系统总体模型、网络信息资源的收集、检索等几个方面介绍分析了美国国会图书馆网络信息保存项目Minerva,并指出其对我国进行网络信息保存的借鉴意义。     

Web Duplicate Materials Exchange Program: The Library of Congress Takes International Exchange to the Internet

ABSTRACT

Despite demonstrated credentials, vast subject expertise, and knowledge of foreign languages and cultures, immigrants educated in schools of library and information science (LIS) in Eastern Europe (EE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) face numerous challenges when trying to gain work as professional librarians in Canada. We introduce a model for retraining EE-and FSU-educated librarians to expedite their entry into professional librarianship in Canada without their having to undertake the formal requirements of a host-country graduate LIS degree. Taking into account and building upon their existing foreign-earned degrees, this retraining program will result in an ALA-accredited LIS degree that will allow foreign-educated immigrant librarians to compete on a level playing field with domestically educated librarians, thus eliminating discrimination based on what one labor economist calls the 'national origin of an individual's human capital.'     

数据网络中中文名称规范档的建设与发展

[目的/意义]名称规范档在书目数据库中对书目记录的检索点进行规范化校验,通过实现标目的一致性,达到检索效率提升、目录汇集的目的。分析国外名称规范档的最新研究进展及实践,以期为中文名称规范档的发展研究提供借鉴。[方法/过程]通过对当前中文名称规范档建设存在的问题进行客观分析,结合国外名称规范档的研究进展及实践,提出中文名称规范档的建设发展方向。[结果/结论]当前中文名称规范档的建设存在着数据规模小、数据完全性差、数据共享性低问题,从国外名称规范档的发展看出,其不再局限于图书馆内部建设,开始向合作共建共享发展,规范数据不再面向OPAC系统,向开放互联发展。因此中文名称规范档的建设可从共建共享、构建新模型与规则、提升质量方面着手,发挥中文名称规范档在网络环境下的规范控制作用。     

基于图书馆的网络信息资源控制研究

网络信息资源数量的急剧上涨,造成社会信息供给能力与消费能力之间的剧烈矛盾,为了解决用户利用网络信息资源遇到的难题,网络信息资源必须纳入信息机构的再组织加工行列,图书馆以其传统实体资源序化的杰出特点介入网络资源的控制,将拓宽图书馆的生存空间,提高网络信息资源的利用率。笔者从图书馆对网络信息资源控制的必要性、控制的结构、控制的环节入手,对图书馆网络信息资源控制进行了深入细致的探讨。     

The International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI): The Evolving Future of Name Authority Control

This article describes the project to build the initial International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) database by deploying the techniques used to develop the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). It focuses particularly on the work of the OCLC team in transforming the VIAF “resource file” model of matched data into a robust, operational, and authoritative file of uniquely assigned ISNIs as a base for an ongoing ISNI assignment system, and on the quality assurance validation of the database provided by the British Library and the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The need for future interaction between ongoing ISNI assignment and name authority control in libraries is also explored.     

Books Effectively Censored: Discrimination at a University Library: Alumni the Target

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study performed on the interlibrary loan patron request records at the library of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, an urban commuter college with a specialized curriculum. The findings suggest that the increasing availability of electronic full-text resources has had a significant impact on the volume of faculty and graduate student interlibrary loan borrowing of nonreturnable, photocopied materials. This appears to be the case across disciplines and regardless of the currency of the needed materials. The downward trend in demand for these materials may be outpacing actual full-text availability. This may suggest that content is being replaced with convenience. This could have implications for reference librarians and their role in the research process. Declining demand may also provide interlibrary loan librarians and their staff opportunities to alter their services and develop new skills.     

Pride and Challenges for Information Management Through the Centuries: The Online Version of the Jagiellonian Library Old Catalog (Up to 1949)

The article discusses the Jagiellonian Library's scanned version of its catalog of books published up to 1949. This case study analyzes the issue of information management in light of the history of the catalog from 1802 onwards and the process of making the catalog accessible via the Internet. It examines the consequences of the decision to scan the catalog on the various library departments' current procedures, as well as on library users.     

Cyberplagiarism and the Library

Summary

Plagiarism by students in academic institutions is an old but continuing problem facing teachers and librarians. Although studies disagree on the Internet's effect on student plagiarism, the easy availability of electronic information creates a challenge for librarians, who must be ready not only to detect and deter plagiarism, but also to educate their patrons about it. The purpose of this contribution is to summarize briefly the nature, extent, and causes of plagiarism in its academic aspect, especially as it has been influenced by electronic information sources, and to review measures of its detection and deterrence.     

清华大学图书馆名称规范数据的著录探讨

根据《中文图书名称规范数据款目著录规则》，结合清华大学图书馆INNOPAC系统规范数据模块中规范记录字段的特点，探讨了本馆中文名称规范记录主要字段的著录要点、对编目工作提出的新要求及建立规范记录时的注意事项。     

Digital Reference in Slavic and East European Studies with an Examination of Practice at the University of Illinois and the Library of Congress

SUMMARY

This article presents a survey of digital reference trends in the United States with an emphasis on services for Slavic and East European studies. It is based on the author's experience as a Slavic reference librarian at the University of Illinois (Slavic Reference Service) and the Library of Congress (European Division). Topics include the conflict between print and digital resources, coping with electronic serials, full-text databases and websites, digital communication tools such as e-mail, chat, and web forms, the proliferation of websites from Eastern Europe and the NIS, and opportunities for bibliographic instruction via the web. The article concludes with suggestions for keeping current and ideas for possible reference collaboration among Slavic and East European studies librarians.