反思和重塑高职教育理论与实践的关系

在飞速发展的21世纪中,高职教育实现了跨越式的发展。但高职教育理论与实践的关系存在一些问题,理顺高职教育理论与实践两者的关系能够有效促进高职教育的发展,提升高职教育的教学水平,为国家培养更多优秀的人才。本文首先分析了高职教育中理论与实践中存在的不足,重点论述了重塑高职教育理论与实践关系的对策。     

基于物种生存效率最优理论的高职特色课程内容改革

以高职道路桥梁工程技术专业为依托，讨论与物种生存效率最优理论契合的高职特色课程内容改革，探索高职课程内容改革与实践的有效途径，为高职课程改革提供新的思维方式和具体措施。     

高职《形势与政策》课程内容及其体系的构建

根据课程内容的内涵,高职《形势与政策》课程内容包含三个层次:知识层面、实践教学层面、课程环境及设施层面。围绕高职《形势与政策》课程内容体系设计应解决的核心问题,本文从开辟"就业形势与政策"专题、"二元制"课程内容体系、课程内容模块化、专题化教学与"立体化"教学、教师的专业化协作、开发立体化教材体系、课堂讲授与自主学习相结合、构建立体化的实践教学体系等方面探索课程内容体系的构建及其实现。     

高职专业课程内容体系与行业标准衔接问题研究

本文从行业标准的概念和在我国的作用出发,说明了行业标准与高职课程内容体系之间的紧密关系。对高职课程内容体系与行业标准的衔接问题进行了分析并提出了相应的对策。     

高职《形势与政策》课程内容的现状与解决方案

调查结果显示,高职《形势与政策》课程内容常规化开发已经取得了较大进展,但课程内容体系构建还存在诸多突出的问题,这与该课程整体建设情况即课程开设、组织管理、实践教学、教学形式与手段、师资队伍、课程资源开发、课程考核等方面息息相关。为从整体上解决这些问题,需要尊重《形势与政策》在高职课程体系中的地位,梳理《形势与政策》课程内容的内涵、构建《形势与政策》课程内容体系、创设《形势与政策》课程内容体系实现的教学环境和条件。     

高职心理健康教育课程内容体系建构——基于积极心理学的视角

积极心理学理论指导下的高职学生心理健康教育课程内容的构建,以培养学生积极的主观体验、个人品质及人际关系为主要目标.实施对积极心理学理论与高职心理健康教育实践对接的研究.旨在将积极心理学理论精髓转化为实践,并恰当地融入到高职学生心理健康教育课程内容体系之中,实现高职学生心理健康教育从消极转向积极、从被动转向主动、从补救转向预防、从面向个别问题学生转向面向全体学生潜能的开发的新方向、新发展.     

高职院校课程内容建设的前提与价值取向

课程建设的核心问题是课程内容建设。课程内容是联结职业岗位、专业设置、课堂教学和毕业生就业的中枢和纽带,是高职院校质量工程的重要组成部分。课程内容建设不仅是一个理论问题,而且是一个实践问题。高质量的课程内容建设必须建立在职业岗位调查和准确的职业分析基础上,树立科学的指导思想,按照地方经济社会的发展要求,突出职业岗位的实用性和针对性,以职业技能为本位,兼顾知识、技能和素质的综合性,根据高等职业教育的特征与定位,准确把握区间层次性。     

高职精品课程建设的核心问题

高职精品课程建设如何办出特色,使之既区别于中职课程,又区别于本科课程,一直是课程建设的主要问题。应以职业能力为主线,从课程内容与职业工作的匹配程度、课程基础理论与应用理论的梯度、理论与实践的整合程度等三个维度开展精品课程建设,通过进行理论研究和改革实践,旨在为高职课程改革和精品课程建设提供借鉴。     

基于校企深度合作的项目化课程设计与实施——以湖北职业技术学院《运输管理实务》为例

运输管理实务是高职物流管理专业的核心技能课程,目前课程内容与教学实施上存在着理论与实践脱节、教学内容枯燥等现象,本文试图通过创建在校企深度合作的基础上,实施课程项目化设计与实施,解决高职运输管理实务课程教、学、做等一系列问题。     

高职院校实践教学存在的问题与对策

实践教学是高职教育教学过程中主要环节及特色之一,从高职教学环节中实践教学体系的特点出发,论述实践教学体系与理论教学体系的关系,实践教学体系在高职教学体系中的地位及作用。总结了实践教学在高职教学中存在的问题及其对策。     

社会控制视野下的教科书内容透视

通过对教科书内容的分析,论文发现教科书的内容并不是价值中立、客观的。而是具有社会意识形态的,是经过社会统治阶级的合法化的结果。本文从教科书中的显性内容和隐性内容分别分析了教科书内容与社会控制之间的关系,结果发现无论是教科书中的显性内容还是教科书中的隐性内容都与社会统治阶级控制有着密切联系。通过这些分析我们得到以下启示：国家控制了教科书内容的选择,因此教师应该深层次解读教科书,学生也应该辨证地看待教科书内容。     

知识构建与知识服务的优化

文章从知识构建的发展过程入手,对知识构建的涵义、知识构建的条件、知识构建的内容进行分析,并进一步探索知识构建与知识服务的关系,知识构建对知识服务的优化作用。如对知识获取的优化,对知识表达的优化,对知识存储的优化,对知识共享的优化。     

Resolving the amalgam: connecting pedagogical content knowledge,content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge

ABSTRACT

This paper concludes the Special Issue (SI) ‘Probing the Amalgam: the relationship between science teachers’ content, pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge’. We review the five papers (Sorge et al; Gess-Newsome et al; Kind; Pitjeng-Mosabala and Rollnick; and Liepertz and Bronowski) by discussing evidence these present regarding the relationships between content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK); the development of CK, PK and PCK in novice and experienced secondary science teachers and how CK, PK and/or PCK impact students’ learning. In conclusion, we draw these findings together in offering proposals for future research via reconsideration of Shulman’s amalgam. This includes post-hoc examination of a PCK model known as ‘the Consensus Model’ (Gess-Newsome, [2015]. A model of teacher professional knowledge and skill including PCK: Results of the thinking from the PCK Summit. In A. Berry, P. J. Friedrichsen, & J. Loughran (Eds.), Re-examining Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Science Education (pp. 28–42). New York, NY: Routledge; Neumann, Kind, & Harms [2018]. Probing the amalgam: The relationship between science teachers’ content, pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 1–15) and presentation of a novel PCK structure based on evidence from the SI studies.     

The Role of Mathematics Teachers' Content Knowledge in their Teaching: A Framework for Research applied to a Study of Student Teachers

The authors develop and explain a framework toguide research on the relationship betweenmathematics teachers' knowledge of content andtheir teaching. The framework istwo-dimensional. The dimensions are (a) theelements of teaching and (b) the processes ofteaching in which knowledge of content is ofconsequence. The interplay between the elementsof teaching and the processes of teaching isdiscussed theoretically, consideringconnections to existing literature about therole of teachers' subject matter knowledge.Three vignettes from the authors' work withpre-service secondary mathematics teachersinvestigate further the relationship betweencontent knowledge and effective mathematicsteaching. The vignettes also serve toillustrate the complexity of investigationsinto this relationship. Direction is offeredfor use of the framework in future research.     

Probing the amalgam: the relationship between science teachers’ content,pedagogical and pedagogical content knowledge

ABSTRACT

This Special Issue aims to present evidence about the relationships between content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK); the development of these types of knowledge in novice and experienced secondary science teachers; and how CK, PK and/or PCK impact students’ learning. Since Shulman’s introduction of PCK as the feature that distinguishes the teacher from the content expert, researchers have attempted to understand, delineate, assess and/or develop the construct in pre- and in-service teachers. Accordingly, empirical findings are presented that permit further discussion. Outcomes permit post-hoc examination of a recent, collectively described, ‘consensus’ model of PCK, identifying strengths and potential issues. As we will illustrate, the relationship between CK, PK and PCK is central to this; that is, probing the hypothesis of pedagogical content knowledge as an ‘amalgam’ of content and pedagogical knowledge.     

基于知识关系的数据结构课程教学研究

文章根据数据结构课程在计算机专业中的地位,分析了数据结构与其他计算机专业课程间的关系,以合理组织教学内容、知识结构关系为基点,提出了基于知识关系的教学建议:充分认识课程的重要性、合理安排教学、强化实践环节。     

显隐平衡:学校知识管理的出发点和归宿

目前知识管理在学校中越来越受到重视,相应的,人们提高了对隐性知识价值的认识,强调关注教育教学存在着的隐性知识.然而,如何利用隐性知识,怎样处理它与显性知识的关系是一个复杂问题,是关系学校知识管理核心的问题.本文从学校知识管理的内涵与内容出发,论述了基于SECI模型的学校隐性知识的转化、知识管理的重点以及知识共享的障碍及对策,指出实现显、知识的平衡是学校知识管理的出发点和归宿.     

Content-Related Knowledge of Biology Teachers from Secondary Schools: Structure and learning opportunities

Teachers’ content-related knowledge is a key factor influencing the learning progress of students. Different models of content-related knowledge have been proposed by educational researchers; most of them take into account three categories: content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and curricular knowledge. As there is no consensus about the empirical separability (i.e. empirical structure) of content-related knowledge yet, a total of 134 biology teachers from secondary schools completed three tests which were to capture each of the three categories of content-related knowledge. The empirical structure of content-related knowledge was analyzed by Rasch analysis, which suggests content-related knowledge to be composed of (1) content knowledge, (2) pedagogical content knowledge, and (3) curricular knowledge. Pedagogical content knowledge and curricular knowledge are highly related (r_latent?=?.70). The latent correlations between content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (r_latent?=?.48)—and curricular knowledge, respectively (r_latent?=?.35)—are moderate to low (all ps?<?.001). Beyond the empirical structure of content-related knowledge, different learning opportunities for teachers were investigated with regard to their relationship to content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and curricular knowledge acquisition. Our results show that an in-depth training in teacher education, professional development, and teacher self-study are positively related to particular categories of content-related knowledge. Furthermore, our results indicate that teaching experience is negatively related to curricular knowledge, compared to no significant relationship with content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge.     

论知识与创造力的关系

知识与创造力的关系比较复杂。张力观与地基观之争着重于知识的数量与创造力的关系,其实,知识的性质、组织方式以及知识如何被运用等都对创造活动有重要影响。知识的有效组织有助于个体快速有效地提取与加工信息,进而有利于创造活动。隐性知识可以激发个体的直觉和灵感,显性知识则帮助个体选择适当的信息。     

Use of the Rasch measurement model to explore the relationship between content knowledge and topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge for organic chemistry

Research has shown that a high level of content knowledge (CK) is necessary but not sufficient to develop the special knowledge base of expert teachers known as pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study contributes towards research to quantify the relationship between CK and PCK in science. In order to determine the proportion of the variance in PCK accounted for by the variance in CK, instruments are required which are valid and reliable as well as being unidimensional to measure person abilities for CK and PCK. An instrument consisting of two paper-and-pencil tests was designed to assess Grade 12 teachers CK and PCK in organic chemistry. We used the Rasch measurement model to convert raw score data into interval measures and to provide empirical evidence for the validity, reliability and unidimensionality of the tests. The correlation between CK and PCK was estimated as r = .66 (p < .001). We found evidence to suggest that while topic-specific PCK (TSPCK) develops with increasing teaching experience, high levels of CK can be acquired with limited teaching experience. These findings support the hypothesis that CK is a requirement for the development of TSPCK; proficiency in CK is, however, not necessarily associated with high levels of TSPCK.