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【目的】研究3周基础体能训练对运动员骨代谢生化指标变化的影响,探讨运动剂量与骨代谢生化指标变化效应关系。【方法】以参加3周基础体能训练的冬季项目运动员68人为研究对象,训练强度以中等强度为主(约占课次安排的80%),高强度及低强度所占课次比例约为20%。按项群理论分为男子体能组(21人)、男子技巧组(17人)、女子体能组(15人)、女子技巧组(15人),训练营报道次日、训练营结束当天测试基础体能指标,将其中的垂直纵跳、深蹲、卧推、30米跑、3000米跑纳入分析。训练营报道次日、训练营结束当天晨起采空腹安静状态下静脉血4ml检测血清中甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、25-羟基维生素D(25OHD)、骨钙素(BGP)及降钙素(CT)的含量。【结果】(1)体能指标:四个组别运动员垂直纵跳值均有提高的趋势(P>0.05);深蹲指标男子体能组呈非常显著性提高(P<0.01),男子技巧组、女子体能组及女子技巧组呈现不同程度的下降;男子体能组的卧推重量呈非常显著性增长(P<0.01),男子技巧组、女子体能组和女子技巧组卧推重量有提高趋势(P>0.05);男子体能组的30米跑成绩稍有下... 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2014,(4):459-463
目的探讨太极柔力球运动对围绝经期女性雌激素水平和骨代谢指标的影响。方法将自愿参加本实验的30名围绝经期女性随机分为太极柔力球组和对照组。指导太极柔力球组进行24周的锻炼,对照组不锻炼,保持原有生活状态。实验前后分别测定两组的睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、孕酮(P)及骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)和血碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。结果实验后太极柔力球组的E2、孕酮P及T明显升高,FSH和LH的值下降,尤其孕酮P的值与实验前相比差异极其显著(P<0.01)。全身各部位的骨密度无显著性变化,但脊柱、躯干部的骨矿含量明显提高。Ca、P和Mg与实验前相比有一定增长,统计学检验无显著性差异。结论 (1)太极柔力球运动可以促进卵泡雌激素和孕激素的分泌,改善围绝经期女性的雌激素水平;(2)太极柔力球运动可有效减轻围绝经期女性因增龄而引起的骨密度下降的趋势;(3)太极柔力球运动能提高血液镁、钙和磷的含量,对于维持围绝经期女性的骨矿含量,保持骨健康具有积极作用。 相似文献
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目的:通过对参加艺术体操训练1年的青春期前期女子运动员进行骨密度、骨几何参数以及骨代谢相关生化标志物的检测分析,为艺术体操训练能有效促进青春期前期女子骨骼发展提供理论基础;方法:选取12名参加艺术体操训练1年的青春期前期女子运动员以及相同年龄段的未参加艺术体操训练的小学女生作为研究对象,通过双能X射线扫描仪对全身及局部区域的骨密度进行检测,并结合股骨强度分析软件获得两组研究对象的股骨颈的骨几何参数。此外,通过免疫学方法对两组研究对象的血样进行碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素和I型胶原C端肽含量测定;结果:参加艺术体操训练能使整体骨密度增加约10%,主要关节部位骨密度增加约为15%。在骨几何参数方面,截面面积、皮质骨厚度、剖面系数都有显著增加,但抗曲化率则存在一定程度上的下降。碱性磷酸酶浓度与对照组相比有显著上升,增加幅度高达32.7%,血清骨钙素与I型胶原C端肽与对照组相比增加约20%;结论:参加艺术体操锻炼对于青春期前期的女性能有效提高骨密度,对股骨颈的骨骼强度和抗骨折能力也有较大程度的提升。生化标志物分析结果表明,骨矿物质吸收能力和骨骼形成能力有显著增强。因此,长期艺术体操训练对青春期前期的女性有利于骨骼的健康发展。 相似文献
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大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢及骨量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢生化因子(OC、ALP和TRAP)、骨密度(BMD)和骨量(BMC)的影响,20只6周龄大鼠随机分成2组:①对照组(Control group,CtrG)10只;②7周大负荷训练组(Overtraining group,OtrG)10只:进行7周的跑台训练。实验结束后所有大鼠处死并测定血清OPG、sRANKL、骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)。同时测定股骨、腰椎BMD、BMC。结果表明经过7周大负荷运动训练,OtrG组大鼠股骨BMC、BMD及腰椎BMC明显低于CtrG组大鼠。OtrG组大鼠血清OPG水平明显低于CtrG组,而sRANKL却高于CtrG组大鼠,OPG/sRANKL比率下降。OtrG组血清OC、ALP和TRAP明显高于CtrG组。研究提示过度运动导致OPG/sRANKL比例下降可能是骨代谢率增快、骨量丢失的重要原因。 相似文献
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骨的生长、发育、成熟以及老化受多种因素的影响,运动作为一种生理应激,通过负荷的直接作用和肌肉的间接作用可改善和维持骨的结构。研究运动对骨密度及其代谢有关指标的影响,对间接地、早期地诊断运动性骨疲劳及防止骨质疏松症可提供一定的理论依据。本文就运动与骨代谢及其相关指标的研究作一综述,以进一步探索三者之间关系产生的机制。 相似文献
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游泳加中药淫羊藿综合疗法对去势大鼠骨代谢生化指标的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:探讨运动与中药淫羊藿综合疗法治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效及机理,为防治绝经后骨质疏松找到更适宜的方法提供理论依据。方法:采用去势大鼠模型,分为去卵巢后服药组(M),去卵巢后远动并服药组(SM),去卵巢后运动组(S),去卵巢组(OVX),空白对照组(C)。去势后7天运用运动、中药淫羊藿以及远动加中药联合等几种干预方法防治去卵巢大鼠发生的骨质疏松。去势第70天取血清测试各组钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)。结果:各组血清钙、磷的含量没有显著性差异(P〉0.05)。SM组、M组、S组及C组血清ALP活性均高于OVX组并有显著性差异(P〈0.05)。S组、M组、SM组StrACP活性较OVX组低并有显著性差异(P〈0.05)。结论:运动和中药淫羊霍综合疗法能通过促骨形成、抑制骨吸收防治去卵巢大鼠发生绝经后骨质疏松,其疗效要优于单纯运动及中药组. 相似文献
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介绍了不同实验动物的骨代谢特点和运动骨代谢动物模型的评价指标,以了解当前运动骨代谢动物模型的研究进展状况。 相似文献
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运动骨代谢动物模型的选择与构建--运动骨代谢动物模型研究进展(一) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解当前运动骨代谢动物模型的研究进展状况,对骨代谢研究动物模型选择的基本原则、选择模型动物应注意的问题、常用骨代谢实验动物的特点、常用与运动相关骨代谢动物模型的制备和评价指标等方面进行了综述介绍. 相似文献
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综述了不同年龄阶段女性参加体育锻炼与骨质密度的关系,体育锻炼对预防骨质疏松症的作用。适当的运动强度并且坚持长时间的锻炼,可以提高女性骨质密度。体育锻炼效果的大小还受女性月经状况、营养条件及雌性激素水平等方面的影响。通过坚持长久的体育锻炼来提高骨质密度以及肌肉力量、人体协调及平衡性,其作用的结果可以有效地预防由于骨质疏松症而导致的骨折。 相似文献
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Gillian K. Myburgh Sean P. Cumming Manuel Coelho E Silva Karl Cooke Robert M. Malina 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1957-1964
Growth and maturation impact the selection, development and progression of youth athletes. Individual differences in the growth and maturity may afford a performance advantage, clouding coaches and practitioners’ perceptions regarding current ability and future potential. This may result in the exclusion of talented, yet less physically gifted athletes. Participants were 91 male (n = 47) and female (n = 44) elite British Junior tennis players, 8–17 years of age (12.5 ± 1.9 years). Height and body mass were measured and compared to growth charts; hand-wrist radiographs were taken. Skeletal age (SA) was estimated with the Fels method and contrasted to chronological age (CA). Mean height and body mass of individual players ranged between the 50th and 90th centiles for age and sex. Females were advanced in SA relative to CA (0.3–0.89 years.) from 8 years. Males were average to delayed in maturation from 8 to 12 years, but advanced in SA from 14 to 16 years (0.75–1.23 years). Individual differences in growth and maturation appear to contribute towards the selection of elite junior tennis players, with a bias towards males and females who are advanced in maturation and comparatively tall and heavy for their age. This has important implications for talent identification and development. 相似文献
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BackgroundPuberty is a critical time in the development of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between measures of adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 129 girls and 95 boys aged 12.9–14.4 years at various stages of puberty were included, along with their mothers (n = 217) and fathers (n = 207). Anthropometric assessments of adiposity were made, along with cardiovascular physical fitness, using the 20-m shuttle run test, and biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations.ResultsWaist-to-height ratio values were similar in boys and girls and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglyceride, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, and inversely with cardiovascular fitness scores. Skinfold thickness measurements were higher in girls. High-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were lower in boys than girls, particularly in late puberty, and CRP levels were higher. Cardiovascular fitness, maternal body mass index (BMI), and paternal BMI contributed independently to the variance in waist measurements in girls and boys. Gender, triceps skinfold thickness, and weight-to-height ratio, but not parental BMI, contributed independently to the variance in cardiovascular fitness.ConclusionThere is a relationship between measures of adolescent adiposity and parental weight that involves factors other than cardiovascular fitness. Adolescent boys have relatively more abdominal fat than girls and a tendency to have a proinflammatory profile of biomarkers. These observations suggest that family and social environmental interventions are best undertaken earlier in childhood, particularly among boys. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):277-285
Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of body size and pubertal status on variation in functional capacities and sport-specific skills of 59 youth basketball players aged 14.0–15.9 years. Height and mass were measured and stage of pubic hair was assessed at clinical examination. Six tests of functional capacity were evaluated: squat jump, countermovement jump, 60-s sit-ups, 2-kg standing medicine ball throw, hand grip strength, and 20-m multi-stage shuttle run. Four basketball skills were tested (shooting, passing, dribbling, and defensive movements). Comparisons between basketball players of different sexual maturity status were performed using analysis of covariance (controlling for chronological age). Functional capacities and basketball skills appeared to be largely independent of pubertal status especially after controlling for variation in body size. Results of multiple linear regressions indicated chronological age as a significant predictor for four items, while maturity status was a significant predictor for only one item. The influence of body mass was negative for two functional indicators (jumping, multi-stage shuttle run) and two basketball skills (dribbling, defensive movements), but positive for two functional tests of upper body strength (hand grip, ball throw). Height was positively correlated with two specific skills (passing, defensive movements), while a combination of tallness and heaviness was associated with a disadvantage on three functional capacities and two sport-specific skills. 相似文献
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古典跤属于按体重分级别双人交手对抗项目。赛前科学降控体重是比赛能否取得优异成绩的关键因素之一。对山西省古典式优秀摔跤运动员进行降体重监控的研究,以人体成分、生化指标来监控降重过程,给教练员提供科学调控赛前训练负荷,合理运用营养补剂,促进运动员机能恢复提供客观依据,以减小降体重的风险。 相似文献
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通过分析羽毛球运动员不同训练周期的生化指标的变化,了解运动员的训练效果、监控运动员的训练状态,并对训练计划进行及时调整,使训练更科学、有效,在比赛中取得更好的成绩。 相似文献
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男子皮划艇运动员赛前高原训练部分生化指标监控研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在甘肃男子皮划艇队进行高原训练期间的部分生理生化指标进行了监控研究。研究表明:与平原相比,队员血红蛋白值高原训练期间显著增加(P&lt;0.05),个人血红蛋白平均增加1.1g/dl,增加幅度为0.6~1.9g/dl;血尿素值平原与高原没有差异,血红蛋白、血尿素变化与训练负荷安排有关。建议上高原前,在训练负荷安排上要为高原训练做好准备,以缩短在高原上的适应时间,同时高原训练也要重视力量素质训练。 相似文献
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Lindsey J. Anderson Lucinda L. Baker E. Todd Schroeder 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(2):193-202
Purpose: Acute muscle damage after exercise triggers subsequent regeneration, leading to hypertrophy and increased strength after repeated exercise. It has been debated whether acute exercise-induced muscle damage is altered under various premenopausal estrogen conditions. Acute contraction-induced muscle damage was compared during exogenous (oral contraceptive, OC), endogenous (luteal phase, HI), or low (menses, LO) estrogen in healthy young women aged 21 to 30 years old. Methods: Women (OC, n = 9; HI, n = 9; LO, n = 8; total N = 26) performed 1 neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) bout. Soreness, measured via visual analog scale and the Likert Scale of Muscle Soreness for Lower Limb (LSMSLL), quadriceps strength, and plasma myoglobin (Mb), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were measured before and after NMES. Results: NMES performance was similar across groups. Meaningful within-group increases in Mb (effect size [ES] = 1.12) and IL-8 (ES = 0.38) occurred in LO; ES for HI and OC were trivial. ES of the between-group difference in change was moderate for Mb (LO vs. HI = 1.15) and IL-8 (LO vs. HI = 0.86; LO vs. OC = 0.73). 17-β estradiol correlated moderately and negatively with Mb relative change (r = –.52, p < .05). LO had ~5% greater strength loss than OC and HI. The mean change score for the LSMSLL 2 days post-NMES was clinically greater in LO than OC or HI. Conclusions: Acute NMES-induced indicators of muscle fiber damage and qualitative muscle soreness may be attenuated during the luteal phase or active OC pill consumption compared with the menstrual phase. 相似文献