儿童精神成长的教育对话方式:基于他者伦理视角

教育对话是促进儿童精神成长的重要途径。探究教育对话是为了寻求儿童精神成长的更有效的方式。在对传统本体论哲学的同一性思维批判中,列维拉斯提出了强调"为他者"的新伦理范式,这为思考教育对话开辟了新视野。在他者伦理视域中,教育对话是一种教师回应学生"言说"的精神关怀责任,也是师生"所言"中的一种话语精神构建,还是一种教育民主精神的体现。重构促进儿童精神成长的教育对话,首先是建立他者伦理视域中教师以学生为中心的、对学生的积极主动的回应的精神关怀关系,其次是师生在教育实践中结成"精神类主体"走向多元和解。     

何为教师:教师存在的伦理内涵

从教育哲学中的一个基本概念"教师"的界定说起,重新思考教育之根之本。由勒维纳斯的他者哲学引出教师存在的伦理内涵,由师生相遇引出本真的教育时间,由教师机智引出指向学生的实践。教育是由一个个伦理事件构成,把学生纳入教师的存在之中,学生的成长促成了教师的伦理成就。教师不仅是主体,而且是主体间性中的伦理存在。最后,给出一个新的教育命题:"师者,德也"。     

优化小学数学课堂教学结构的策略

课堂教学是一种认知活动,是学生实现再创造的活动过程,是师生交往、积极互动、共同发展的过程。学生是主体,学生的学是根本,是内因。现代教学课堂改革的根本问题是实现"教师带着教材走向学生"向"教师带着学生走向教材"的转变。因此,小学数学课堂教学的策略决定着学生学习方式的转变。     

主持式课堂教学模式的理论探讨与研究

从传统的教学模式来看,要么是教师一讲到底,要么是学生自学到头,中庸的做法是讲练结合——无论哪种做法,都有其模式。在新课程标准的指导下,主持式课堂教学模式的构建有利于现代教学理论应用于实践。通过教师与学生双主体思想的引导,主持式课堂教学模式试图营造师生"双向成才"的局面。此模式的构建涵盖了模式的理论基础、教学目标、实施程序、教学策略等方面内容。     

主体的涅槃与伦理型教师的诞生

在教学论的发展过程中,师生交往经历了主体性范式与主体间性范式,但这里的主体因为其认识论和知识论特征而遭到了后现代的解构,从而使交往主体经历了死亡的阵痛。师生交往的他者转向为主体的重生带来了契机。新的主体通过对认识主体的超越而成就了自身伦理主体的地位,从而使自我与他者的关系演变为自我向他者靠近、为他者负责的伦理关系,也使师生交往过程成为充满责任与正义的道德的过程。这一新生的主体既是责任的主体,亦是正义的主体;既是被动的主体,也是主动的主体,最终促成了伦理型教师的诞生。     

新课程背景下课堂教学话语权的回归

一、传统课堂教学中话语主体的话语权力特点 1.学生失语,教师拥有话语"霸权" 教师讲、学生听,这是传统课堂的写真.学生是课堂教学的主体,是课堂教学的直接参与者,其主体意识更理应在学习过程中不断加强,并在这过程中根据自己的学习动机、兴趣、需要等对各种教育影响进行筛选、加工、吸收.     

论教师在学生成长中的角色担当

解构教育"主体——对象"论,看到并承认师生互为"他者"的事实性,尊重学生这一"他者"的主体性、独立性,转换教师的主导者的角色定位,恪守教师的"他者"本分,做学生成长过程中"有意义的他者"是多元化社会背景下教师应有的和必然的理性选择。     

师生互动与创新教育：谈谈课堂教学改革

以前,一提到课堂敦学改革．人们就会走向极端,要么一言堂,老师满堂灌,学生只管听：要么抛开老师,由学生自学或学生上讲台。这种意义上的课堂教学改革,都不会收到令人满意的玫果。在大力倡导创新教育的今天．课堂教学改革的关键在于师生互动。师生互动不是一个新话题．却又是一个新话题．素质教育的重点是“在教育中对学生进行创新精神和实践能力的培养”。这种创新意义上的“培养”必须呼唤真正意义上的师生互动。什么是师生互动呢？简单地说．师生互动就是拥有知识的教师和希望获得知识的学生在特定情境中的相互影响相互作用。应该说…     

论中西比较美术“影响论”的缺失

影响研究主要以放送者或影响者的视角研究对他者的美术影响。其基本话语是以主体者的身份研究主体者美术对他者美术的影响,在研究他者美术的过程中,强调主体者的影响。由于影响论研究的话语者在进行中西比较美术学的研究工作中,其话语立场往往忽视"他者"美术自身的发展逻辑形成的美术形态的事实,而把这种"事实"作为主体者的影响,或者任意夸大主体者对他者的影响,形成一种"中心主义"的话语立场。因而,"影响论"在中西比较美术学的研究中,带有明显的缺失,而导致研究结论的失效或不准确。     

新课程背景下课堂教学话语权的回归

一、传统课堂教学中话语主体的话语权力特点1.学生失语,教师拥有话语"霸权"教师讲、学生听,这是传统课堂的写真。学生是课     

Engaging difference: towards a pedagogy of interbeing

In this article, I discuss how by engaging difference teachers and students can go beyond the binary of “self” and “other” towards “interbeing”. I first discuss how postcolonial and feminist perspectives can inform multicultural discourse by rethinking self and other in terms of hybrid identities and cultures. Then, I draw on Thich Nhat Hanh's (1991) concepts of mindfulness, contemplation, and interbeing; bell hooks' (1994) concept of an engaged pedagogy; and my reflections on my own practice of teaching multicultural education courses. I argue that a self-reflexive pedagogy of interbeing is transformative, enabling both students and teachers to “see with the eyes of interbeing” (Hanh, 1991, p. 98) and heal from the wounds of oppression.     

Making Sense and Use of Assessments

The present article is concerned with how Swedish students in the last year of comprehensive school make sense and use of educational assessments of their school performance. Based on interviews with 28 students in Year 9, “talk about assessments” is analysed using a discourse analytical approach inspired by Michel Foucault’s theories. The study shows that students find it difficult to both understand and make use of the assessments given by their teachers due to the overly complicated language. To receive the grades they need to apply for upper-secondary school, the students use other strategies to stand out and be perceived as “good students,” thus the assessment discourse is effective in the construction of adjustable subjects.     

Troubling “understanding mathematics in-depth”: Its role in the identity work of student-teachers in England

In this paper, we focus on an initiative in England devised to prepare non-mathematics graduates to train as secondary mathematics teachers through a 6-month Mathematics Enhancement Course (MEC) to boost their subject knowledge. The course documentation focuses on the need to develop “understanding mathematics in-depth” in students in order for them to become successful mathematics teachers. We take a poststructural approach, so we are not interested in asking what such an understanding is, about the value of this approach or about the effectiveness of the MECs in developing this understanding in their participants. Instead we explore what positions this discourse of “understanding mathematics in-depth” makes available to MEC students. We do this by looking in detail at the “identity work” of two students, analysing how they use and are used by this discourse to position themselves as future mathematics teachers. In doing so, we show how even benign-looking social practices such as “understanding mathematics in-depth” are implicated in practices of inclusion and exclusion. We show this through detailed readings of interviews with two participants, one of whom fits with the dominant discourses in the MEC and the other who, despite passing the MEC, experiences tensions between her national identity work and MEC discourses. We argue that it is vital to explore “identity work” within teacher education contexts to ensure that becoming a successful mathematics teacher is equally available to all.     

Safety,celebration, and risk: educator responses to LGBTQ professional development

Research has explored multicultural teacher education from multiple, sometimes divergent perspectives; yet, these studies agree that what passes for multicultural education fails to address issues of educational inequity. This paper is part of a larger evaluation study of Reduction of Stigma in Schools (RSIS) – a professional development program aiming to empower educators to create affirming environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Interview data indicate that though workshops utilized a critical approach, what teachers embraced was a call to understand and “protect” LGBTQ students through the “safety” discourse – a form of understanding and valuing the “cultural other” – and investment in one time “visibility” or “celebration” events as symbols of improved school climate. Further, educators framed LGBTQ issues as “risk” issues rather than as equity issues, which continue to mark LGBTQ students as “victims” or “problems” in need of saving or solving. We posit that responses to RSIS content reflect educators’ understanding of their obligation to “diversity” as presented during their teacher preparation programs and that workshop content which resonated with them was that which they could easily fit into these familiar frameworks.     

STEAM教师学科教学知识的基本构成与建构逻辑

教师学科教学知识(PCK)的形成是STEAM教育的发展之基。STEAM教师PCK是教师面对具体的跨学科的内容主题时,所特有的将不同学科的知识和技术转化为学生易于理解的教学形式的整合性知识,具有知识范畴的跨学科性、知识来源的实践性和知识形成的融合性等特点。通过对已有PCK研究的梳理,结合STEAM教育的特征,STEAM教师PCK可分为跨学科内容知识、教学对象知识、教学情境知识和教学策略知识。在此基础上,STEAM教师PCK的建构逻辑:一是立足理论性学习为教师建构PCK打“地基”,促进公共性PCK向个体性PCK转化;二是基于经验性学习为教师建构PCK竖“框架”,推动内隐性PCK向实践性PCK转化;三是通过实践性学习为教师建构PCK添“砖瓦”,实现陈述性PCK向程序性PCK转化。     

基于课堂话语权的翻转课堂师生角色转换

“翻转课堂”作为新兴的教学形式,被广大教育工作者所关注。话语权是课堂教学中师生关系的一种直接体现,基于翻转课堂教师角色的新定位,探讨通过翻转课堂教师和学生话语权力的流动来实现翻转课堂教师和学生角色的转换。     

From activity to gestures and scientific language

Abstract: Gestures may provide the long sought‐for bridge between science laboratory experiences and scientific discourse about abstract entities. In this article, we present our results of analyzing students' gestures and scientific discourse by supporting three assertions about the relationship between laboratory experiences, gestures, and scientific discourse: (1) gestures arise from the experiences in the phenomenal world, most frequently express scientific content before students master discourse, and allow students to construct complex explanations by lowering the cognitive load; (2) gestures provide a medium on which the development of scientific discourse can piggyback; and (3) gestures provide the material that “glues” layers of perceptually accessible entities and abstract concepts. Our work has important implications for laboratory experiments which students should attempt to explain while still in the lab rather than afterwards and away from the materials. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 103–136, 2001     

“Verbal Ping Pong” as Culturally Congruent Communication: Maximizing African American Students' Access and Engagement as Socially Just Teaching

African American youth have been disciplined and dismissed from classrooms for engaging in culturally-based communication practices that teachers misinterpret and perceive as disruptive. Teachers have significant power in how they communicate with their students. White teachers should be especially aware of this power because misunderstandings around communication often stem from cultural differences. This study illustrates the promising practice of a white teacher who integrated African American students' culturally-based literacy practice of “verbal ping pong” into English subject matter instruction. Ethnographic methods that foreground the perspectives of student participants illuminated the significance of this highly interactive discourse, while discourse analysis showed how it functioned as culturally congruent communication to promote students' access to classroom discourse and engagement in subject matter learning. By showing how culturally congruent communication can provide equitable access to learning opportunities for all students, this study renders a promising representation of socially just pedagogy.     

教师的表扬或批评如何影响学生成绩——基于CEPS数据的中介效应分析

本文基于“中国教育追踪调查数据”(CEPS)所收集的青少年样本,综合运用倾向得分匹配—双重差分法、广义分位数回归法和中介效应检验法,分析了教师关注、学生自我期望和自律努力在“教师反馈与学生成绩”这一关系中的中介作用。研究发现:教师的表扬通过加强教师对学生的关注、提高学生自我期望和自律努力程度,最终提高了学生的各科成绩;教师的批评一方面增强了教师对学生的关注,另一方面降低了学生自身的自律努力程度,最终降低了学生的语文成绩,数学和英语成绩则不受显著影响。相比于其他科目,语文成绩显著下降的原因在于语文考试的主观性强,语文成绩更加依赖日常积累,学生取得高分的难度也较大。     

“I Accept All Students”: Tolerance Discourse and LGBTQ Ally Work in U.S. Public Schools

This article explores how tolerance discourse is being taken up by educators in interview data about the roles and responsibilities of LGBTQ allies. Participating teachers used the phrase “all students” as a mechanism to include LGBTQ students in their professional narratives without naming them and their particular needs. I argue that such tolerance-informed language and actions integrate LGBTQ ally intentions into teachers’ professional obligations by calling on their responsibility to support and care for all students, but it does not necessarily invoke responsibility to confront policies and practices that contribute to LGBTQ students’ exclusion.