单参数平均、对数平均和指数平均之间的一个精确的双向不等式(英文)

利用初等微分学比较了单参数平均与对数和指数平均的几何组合,发现了使得双向不等式Jp（a,b）1/2-3)/2]和所有a,b>0且a≠b成立的p的最大值和q的最小值,其中Jp（a,b）,L（a,b）和I（a,b）分别表示a与b的p-次单参数平均、对数平均和指数平均.     

与分担函数相关的亚纯函数的正规性

设(F)为定义在区域D内的一族亚纯函数,a(z)和b(z)为两个在D满足a(z)≠b(z)和a(z)≠b(k)(z)以及a(z)(≠)a'(z)的全纯函数,若对于任意的f∈(F),f(z)-a(z)的零点重级至少是k,f(z)和f(k)(z)分担a(z),且当f(z)=b(z)时,f(k)(z)=b(z),那么(F)在...     

《墨子虚词用法诠释》“而”字词性归类商榷

谢德三《墨子虚词用法诠释》认为"而"作指示代词犹"此"、作系词犹"乃"、作准系词犹"如"、作副词犹"乃、才",并根据译义把"而"归为介词和连词。这些"而"的语法功能都是连接前后两个谓词性结构,是连词。《墨子虚词用法诠释》忽略了"而"的语法功能,用强赋实义、翻译的方法,对"而"做出的词性归类是值得商榷的。《墨子》中的"然而"大部分都不是凝固结构,"而后""而况""而已""而已矣"都是词与词的组合,《墨子虚词用法诠释》把它们都归为熟语也是有问题的。     

Transforming gifts into talents: the DMGT as a developmental theory1

The Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) presents the talent development process (P) as the transformation of outstanding natural abilities, or gifts (G), into outstanding systematically developed skills which define expertise, or talent (T) 3 in a particular occupational field. This developmental sequence constitutes the heart of the DMGT. Three types of catalysts help or hinder that process: (a) interpersonal (I) catalysts, like personal traits and self‐management processes; (b) environmental (E) catalysts, like socio‐demographic factors, psychological influences (e.g., from parents, teachers, or peers), or special talent development facilities and programs; and (c) chance (C). The DMGT includes a 5‐level metric‐based (MB) system to operationalize the prevalence of gifted or talented individuals, with a basic ‘top 10 per cent’ threshold for mild giftedness or talent, through successive 10 per cent cuts for moderate, high, exceptional and extreme levels. Complex interactions between the six components are surveyed. The text ends with a proposed answer to a fundamental question: ‘What factor(s) make(s) a difference, on average, between those who emerge among the talented and those who remain average?’     

A Moral Experience Feedback Loop: Modeling a system of moral self-cultivation in everyday life

This systems thinking model illustrates a common feedback loop by which people engage the moral world and continually reshape their moral sensibility. The model highlights seven processes that collectively form this feedback loop: beginning with (1) one’s current moral sensibility which shapes processes of (2) perception, (3) deliberation, (4) decision-making, (5) embodying action, (6) reflection on self-evaluation and other’s responses, and (7) consolidation into one’s moral sensibility of the lessons learned. Improvements on previous models of moral engagement include (1) recognizing moral sensibility as the grounding for moral engagement, (2) articulating a systems approach and (3) illustrating a feedback loop that brings the moral protagonist full-circle leaving her with a slightly changed moral sensibility with which to engage the next moral context.     

Entire functions sharing one small function

The uniqueness problem of entire functions sharing one small function was studied. By Picard’s Theorem, we proved that for two transcendental entire functions f (z) and g(z), a positive integer n≥9, and a(z) (not identically eaqual to zero) being a common small function related to f (z) and g(z), if f n(z)(f(z)-1)f′(z) and gn(z)(g(z)-1)g′(z) share a(z) CM, where CM is counting multiplicity, then g(z) ≡ f (z). This is an extended version of Fang and Hong’s theorem [ Fang ML, Hong W, A unicity theorem for entire functions concerning differential polynomials, Journal of Indian Pure Applied Mathematics, 2001, 32 (9): 1343-1348].     

A typology of facework behaviors in conflicts with best friends and relative strangers

The purpose of the current study was to create a typology of facework behaviors in interpersonal conflicts between best friends and relative strangers for Japanese and U.S. participants. In phase I, 286 participants responded to open‐ended questions about the manner in which they negotiated face during a conflict with either a best friend or a relative stranger. The responses of a sample of these respondents ‐16 Japanese, 16 members of ethnic minority groups in the U.S., and 20 European Americans — were categorized using a Q‐sort technique. Fourteen categories of facework behaviors were derived. Validation procedures for the typology were carried out via a cluster analysis resulting in 13 unique clusters: (a) aggression, (b) apologize, (c) avoid, (d) compromise, (e) consider the other, (f) defend self (g) express feelings, (h) give in, (i) involve a third party, (j) pretend, (k) private discussion, (l) remain calm, and (m) talk about the problem. In phase II, 95 Japanese and 61 U.S. Americans rated the appropriateness and effectiveness of behaviors from each of the categories. The findings illustrate that the typology captures a wide range of appropriateness and effectiveness rating which further demonstrates the validity of the typology.     

A TYPOLOGY OF CHILD SCHOOL BEHAVIOR: INVESTIGATION USING LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS

To describe and facilitate the identification of child school behavior patterns, we developed a typology of child school behavior (ages 6–11 years) using the norming data (N = 2,338) for the second edition of the Behavior Assessment System for Children Teacher Rating–Child form). Latent profile analysis was conducted with the entire data set, whereas cluster analysis was conducted within each latent profile. The resulting classification system included three latent profiles: (a) Adequate Adjustment (AA), (b) Mild Adjustment Difficulties (MAD), and (c) Functionally Impaired Adjustment (FIA). The AA latent profile included the (a) Well‐Adapted, (b) Average, and (c) Worry clusters. The clusters identified within the MAD latent profile were (a) Academic Problems, (b) Physical Complaints, (c) Disruptive Behavior Problems, and (d) Internalizing Problems. Finally, the FIA latent profile comprised the (a) Clinical Problems–External and (b) Clinical Problems–Internal clusters.     

微积分基本定理的一种推广

本文利用微积分学的理论证明了如下结论:设f(x)在[a,b]上黎曼可积,函数g(x)在[a,b]上满足李普希兹条件,且几乎处处有g(x)=f(x),则integral from n=1 to ∞(f(x)dx)=g(b)-g(a)。     

Conceptualizing Counseling Theories: A Content Analysis of Process and Goal Statements

This research effort presents (a) a model for viewing counseling theories and (b) data regarding the similarities and differences among selected counseling theorists on two dimensions: a process dimension and a goal dimension. Two instruments were used to tap the process and goal statements of selected theorists. Thirty-seven graduate students in two counseling theory classes completed the instruments, and their statement ratings were used to plot the selected theorists on the proposed model. Analysis of variance procedures were used to test differences among the theorists. The F ratios for both the process and goal statements were found to be significant at or beyond the .05 level. Theorist clusters were obtained by a post hoc probing process where the process clusters are as follows: (a) Williamson, Wolpe, Krumboltz; (b) Ellis, Thorne, Dreikurs, and Dollard and Miller; (c) Frankl, Alexander; (d) Rogers. The goal clusters are: (a) Wolpe, Krumboltz; (b) Williamson, Dollard and Miller; (c) Dreikurs, Thorne, Ellis, Alexander; (d) Rogers; (e) Frankl.     

Preparation and adsorption behaviors of Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymers

Imprinted polymers were prepared for selective removal of Cu（Ⅱ） ions from metal solutions. Three ion-imprinted polymers were synthesized with methacrylic acid （MAA）, acrylamide （AA） and N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide （MBAA） respectively as the functional monomers, ethleneglycoldimethacrylate （EGDMA） as the cross-linking agent, 2,2＇- azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as the initiator and Cu （Ⅱ） ion as the imprint ion. The template Cu （Ⅱ） ion was removed from the polymer by leaching with a liquid of a 1：1 volumetric ratio of HCl to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）. The capacity and selectivity of Cu（Ⅱ） ion adsorption were investigated with the three imprinted polymers and their non-imprinted counterparts. The polymers have a maximum adsorption capacity at pH 7.0. The isotherm of their batch adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） ions shows a Langmuir adsorption pattern. Imprinted polymers all have a much higher capacity and higher selectivity of Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption than nonimprinted ones. MAA polymer benefits the most from imprinting. Imprinted MAA polymer has the highest selectivity when used to rebind Cu （Ⅱ） ion from an aqueous solution in the presence of other metal ions. Ion imprinting can be a promising technique of preparing selective adsorbents to separate and preconcentrate metal in a medium of multiple competitive metal ions through solid phase extraction （SPE）.     

Immunization to learned helplessness in appetitive noncontingent contexts

We examined immunization against learned helplessness in 36 dogs. The experiment consisted of five phases: (1) appetitive contingent training, (2) immunization training, (3) inescapable noise training, (4) recovery, and (5) an appetitive noncontingent test. There were six groups: (1) a group immunized by controllable and predictable noise, (2) a group immunized by controllable but unpredictable noise, (3) a group immunized by uncontrollable but predictable noise, (4) a group given uncontrollable and unpredictable noise during immunization training, (5) a group not submitted to any treatment during the immunization phase, followed by uncontrollable noise, and (6) a group not submitted to any treatment. The immunization effect was assessed by measuring the acquisition of an appetitive response when food was not contingent upon responding. Our results demonstrate that the immunization effect can be observed in a noncontingent appetitive context. The effects of escapable noises that ensure immunization against the motivational deficit and predictable noises that immunize against the associative deficit seem to be additive.     

Risk of Domestic Violence After Natural Disaster

Abstract

This paper describes the use of a participatory action research model to teach undergraduate social work research and statistics. Strategies of the model include (1) integration with social work education, (2) policy analysis, (3) literature review, (4) collaboration with practitioners, (5) collaboration with the target population through qualitative research, (6) quantitative study, (7) ongoing social action efforts, and (8) evaluation. An example is used of a project addressing a community problem with increased domestic violence during recovery from natural disaster.     

El profesor como práctico reflexivo en una cultura de colaboración

The aim was the reconstruction of a school curriculum in reflective teaching situations within a co‐operative culture. Two working assumptions were considered: (a) teacher development was based on teacher thinking and (b) school organisation followed a co‐operative culture paradigm. The process features were: (a) university team consisted of external advisers; (b) school curriculum and classroom instruction were reviewed by school teachers; (c) case study as a research approach; (d) ethnographic techniques to collect data; (e) data analysis by a computer program; (f) teachers’ reflective cycle to reconstruct practice; and (g) teachers’ portfolios: narrative vignettes, etc. Findings showed: (a) a collaborative process school‐university; (b) teachers’ thinking and attitudinal change; (c) mobilisation of teachers’ talents and values to work together: (i) teacher dyads to reflect on teaching; (ii) advisers’ writing narrative vignettes; (Hi) collegial coaching; and (iv) curriculum materials designed by teachers. Two conclusions can be accepted: (a) teachers’ pedagogical practical knowledge showed diversity of their implicit theories to design action; and (b) teachers’ grounded theory confirmed that the educational action was based on a co‐operative and reflective culture.     

对数平均的最佳上下界

利用初等微分学比较了对数平均与平方根平均和调和平方根平均的凸组合,发现了使得双向不等式aS(a,b)+(1-a)(H)(a,b)＜L(a,b)＜βS(a,b)+(1-β)(H)(a,b)对所有a,b＞0且a≠b成立的a的最大值和β的最小值,其中S(a,b)=√(a2,b2)/2,(H)(a,b)=√2ab√a2+b2和L(a,b)=(a-b)/(loga-logb)分别表示二个正数a与b的平方根平均、调和平方根平均和对数平均.     

A systematic procedure for constructing a valid microcomputer attitude scale

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to design a system for constructing Likert attitude scales as supported by the sociopsychological and measurement literature, and (2) using the design to assemble a microcomputer attitude scale for inservice and preservice teachers (n = 281). The results of the study: (1) a 15-step flow chart for designing reliable and valid attitude scales, and (2) a 23-item microcomputer Likert attitude scale with the following characteristics: (a) coefficient alpha 0.89, (b) range of adjusted item-total correlations from 0.29 to 0.62, (c) range of interitem correlations from 0.04 to 0.60, (d) correlation of 0.20 with a mathematics attitude scale and 0.02 with a reading attitude scale, and (e) favorable factor analysis and emotional intensity data.     

Critical modeling principles when testing for gender equity in faculty salary

Multiple regression procedures are commonly used to investigate gender equity in faculty salary. However, a review of 19 case studies indicates that many of them fail to (a) adequately develop a regression model that examines the linear and nonlinear (i.e., interactive and curvilinear) relations between predictors and the criterion and (b) appropriately apply regression diagnostic statistics throughout salary model development. A seven-step process is presented as a comprehensive framework for testing allegations of gender discrimination in faculty salary. Steps include (a) identifying predictors of faculty salary, (b) identifying and establishing criteria for interpreting statistical tests and diagnostic procedures, (c) determining the criterion variable used in the salary model, (d) developing a salary model, (e) testing for gender discrimination in pay, (f) conducting diagnostic procedures to confirm the appropriateness of the final salary model, and (g) testing the assumptions of the regression model. An application of this model is presented using a case study (N = 725 faculty).     

Toward a Practical Approach to Evaluating Adult Education Programs: An Application of Scriven's Methodology

Abstract

The adult education evaluation model presented here provides a comprehensive yet efficient procedure with which administrators can evaluate adult education programs in a variety of settings. The need for such evaluation is receiving impetus from the accountability movement, the growth of adult education as a field of professional practice, and demands by professional groups of adult educators. The framework of the model is based on Scriven's approach to evaluation, which incorporates many of the strengths of other evaluation prototypes not yet applied to adult education. The adult education evaluation model consists of a series of steps, divided among four stages: (a) predevelopment, (b) establishing objectives, (c) data generation, and (d) evaluation. The steps within the stages are: (a) assess needs, (b) rank needs, (c) define objectives within goals, (d) rank objectives, (e) develop instrumentation and procedures, (f) apply instrumentation, (g) analyze data, (h) compare data to judgment criteria, and (i) determine course of action.     

Intentionality as measured in the persistence and elaboration of communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

In human infancy, 2 criteria for intentional communication are (a) persistence in and (b) elaboration of communication when initial attempts to communicate fail. Twenty-nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were presented with both desirable (a banana) and undesirable food (commercial primate chow). Three conditions were administered: (a) the banana was delivered (successful communication), (b) half of the banana was delivered (partially successful communication), and (c) the chow was delivered (failed communication). The chimpanzees exhibited persistence in and elaboration of their communication in every condition except when the banana was delivered. Thus, their communication was about a specific item, demonstrating that both intentionality and nonverbal reference are capacities shared by humans with our nearest living relatives, the great apes.     

Proposing a new pedagogy-based website design: A usability test with lifelong learners

This study aimed to create a new pedagogy-based website based on the analysis of the needs of 7147 website users who visited the Thailand Cyber University (TCU) project website during 2011–2013. The study consisted of 4 stages: (1) examining learners’ needs and literature related to developing a lifelong learning framework, (2) designing a site structure and an interface for a pedagogy-based website, (3) conducting a usability test on the website with a sample of 204 users, and (4) modifying the website based on results of a website usability test. Analysis from t-test, one-way ANOVA, and LSD test show that the website is appropriate for users of all genders, ages, educational levels, positions, years of computer and Internet experience, computer possession, and experience in using the TCU website. The new pedagogy-based website design incorporating the lifelong learning framework was proposed by integrating the pedagogical aspects and the theoretical framework of the learning community, motivation, and interaction, while the technological aspects were integrated using an open source web portal, responsive design, and the Universal Design (UD) principle, which enables the website to work on a variety of devices and learning resources. The six elements of the new website include: (1) main page, (2) online courses, (3) media support, (4) learning resources, (5) conferences and seminars, and (6) ‘about us’ pages.