Early-career academic engagement in university–industry collaborative PhDs: Research orientation and project performance

Academic engagement with industry is a well-researched topic. However, research has focused on scholars in traditional university departments, overlooking more hybrid research contexts such as the growing trend of PhD students and their supervisors engaging in collaborative research projects with industry during their training. To address this gap, this study explores the early-career academic engagement of PhD students in university-industry collaborative research projects. It particularly focuses on research orientation and its association with scientific and inventive yield. Drawing on Stokes' (1997) framework, the study investigates the extent to which the research orientation (basic research, applied research, and user-inspired fundamental research) is associated with scientific and inventive yield. The study is based on a review of 631 collaborative PhD projects with industry completed in France in 2018 through a national programme (CIFRE). It finds that the three research orientations are associated with different levels of scientific and inventive yields. While basic research is the most common orientation across the sample, the rarest, user-inspired fundamental research, is associated with the highest scientific and inventive yield. Moreover, the study highlights the critical role of PhD students' taste for science or industry (and the potential change in this taste during the project) in the association between research orientation and projects' yields. Overall, this study sheds light on an understudied area of academic engagement and highlights the significance of considering research orientation and students' taste for science or industry when developing university-industry collaborations. This has implications for PhD supervisors, PhD students, their industrial partners, and policymakers.     

Knowledge transfer activities in social sciences and humanities: Explaining the interactions of research groups with non-academic agents

The aim of this research is to achieve a better understanding of the processes underlying knowledge transfer (KT) in social sciences and humanities (SSH). The paper addresses: first, the extent of SSH research groups’ engagement in KT and the formal KT activities used to interact with non-academic communities; and second, how the characteristics of research groups may influence engagement in various types of KT. The empirical analysis is at research group level using data derived from a questionnaire of SSH research groups belonging to the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). We find that KT activities are based on relational rather than commercial activities. The most frequent relational activities in which SSH research groups engage are consultancy and contract research. We find also that the characteristics of research groups (e.g. size and multidisciplinarity) and individuals (e.g. academic status and star scientist) are associated with involvement in KT activities and that a deliberate focus on the societal impacts and relevance of the research conducted is strongly related to active engagement of research groups in all the modes of KT considered in this study. From a managerial perspective, our findings suggest that measures promoting a focus on the societal impact of research could enhance research groups’ engagement in KT activities.     

University-industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?

This paper examines the different channels through which academic researchers interact with industry and the factors that influence the researchers’ engagement in a variety of interactions. This study is based on a large scale survey of UK academic researchers. The results show that university researchers interact with industry using a wide variety of channels, and engage more frequently in the majority of the channels examined - such as consultancy & contract research, joint research, or training - as compared to patenting or spin-out activities. In explaining the variety and frequency of interactions, we find that individual characteristics of researchers have a stronger impact than the characteristics of their departments or universities. Finally, we argue that by paying greater attention to the broad range of knowledge transfer mechanisms (in addition to patenting and spin-outs), policy initiatives could contribute to building the researchers’ skills necessary to integrate the worlds of scientific research and application.     

学术创业：研究综述与展望

    以1980至2020年发表的相关文献为基础,对学术创业的研究内容进行梳理,内容如下：（1）总结了已有研究中常用的学术创业概念和分类;（2）围绕学术创业主体,重点阐述了个体层面学术创业活动的研究成果;（3）对学术创业领域常用的理论及其适用问题进行了诠释;（4）从社会经济和基础科学两个方面介绍了学术创业的影响;（5）提出学术创业的研究展望,即关注数智经济阶段学术创业类型的变化、拓展学术创业研究的理论视角、扩充学术创业的研究主题以及在进一步完善国内学术创业研究体系的同时,深化中国制度背景下学术创业问题的探索,如儒家文化环境中的学术创业动机,不同地区/省份的学术创业差异等。通过对已有研究的梳理,为中国学术创业的研究和发展提供了参考。     

科研压力对高校学术不端行为的作用机制研究——组织支持和学术自尊的调节效应

鉴于整体自尊水平和不端行为关系的矛盾性,在情景自尊理论的基础上,提出"学术自尊"的概念。在文献回顾的基础上,构建了科研压力对高校学术不端行为的权变影响模型。从个体层面上研究了组织支持和学术自尊对两者关系的复杂调节机制。实证结果发现:(1)组织支持负向调节科研压力与学术不端行为之间的关系;(2)学术自尊对科研压力与学术不端行为之间的关系具有负向调节作用;(3)进一步的三项交互检验发现:随着学术自尊程度的提高,组织支持对科研压力与学术不端之间关系的负向调节作用变强。     

The interconnections of academic research and universities’ “third mission”: Evidence from the UK

A considerable body of work acknowledges the importance and benefits of the university–industry relationship for the economy and society, but also for increasing the revenue of universities themselves (known also as universities’ “third mission”). However, questions have also been raised about the consequences of the university-industry relationship and its impact on their traditional role. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring whether and how being efficient in generating income from engagement activities impacts on universities’ research performance. By using a sample of 119 UK higher educational institutions for period 2007–2014, and controlling for endogeneity issue, the results show that efficiency in terms of university-industry income and research performance exhibits a nonlinear relationship for both universities established before (“old universities”), and after (“new universities”), the Higher Education Act 1992 (HEA). However, for high level of efficiency, “old universities” do not appear able to improve their research performance further. Finally, positive synergies between the third mission and research mission decline in a more teaching-oriented environment. We conclude that policy makers should account for organisational heterogeneity and teaching orientation to promote research excellence effectively by stimulating engagement.     

外文电子图书学术影响力评价方法探讨——基于BKCI、Scopus Article Metrics、Bookmetrix的实例比较

[目的/意义]对电子图书的学术影响力进行评价,可以提高馆藏电子图书的利用率,并为高校图书馆外文电子图书的采购提供参考依据。[方法/过程]针对外文电子图书的特点,介绍了BKCI、Scopus Article Metrics和Bookmetrix 3种外文电子图书学术影响力评价工具,并根据西南交通大学学科特色,分别对3种工具进行实例分析。[结果/结论]发现3种工具各有优缺点,建议高校图书馆进行电子图书学术影响力评价时采用多种方法进行多维度评价。     

Game on! How gamified loyalty programs boost customer engagement value

Though gamified loyalty programs (GLPs), or loyalty programs that deploy gamified elements, are increasingly adopted, academic acumen of customer engagement with GLPs lags behind, thus exposing an important research gap. Based on this gap, we review the gamification-, loyalty program-, and customer engagement literature, from which we derive important insight. First, extending the customer engagement literature, we develop the concept of GLP engagement (GLPE), defined as members’ GLP-related behavior, expressed through direct- (i.e., purchase) and/or indirect (e.g., GLP-related learning/advocating) contributions, which we argue are critical to GLP effectiveness. Extending prior research, we also classify members’ indirect GLP contributions as autonomous (vs. interdependent)-, selfless (vs. self-seeking)-, control (vs. laissez-faire)-based-, collaborative (vs. competitive)-, individual (vs. generic)-, and calculated (vs. non-calculated) contributions. Second, we develop a self-determination theory-informed framework that proposes members’ intrinsic/extrinsic motivation as major drivers of GLPE, which in turn impacts customer brand engagement value (CBEV). Third, formalizing the framework’s associations, we develop a set of Propositions that serve as a springboard for further GLPE research. We conclude by discussing major implications that arise from this research.     

科研团队合作效果研究——一个高校科研团队合作状况的调查分析

在对相关研究总结分析的基础上为科研团队合作效果研究提出了研究框架,通过合作过程及合作结果中团队成员、团队以及合作整体三个层次的指标水平来反映合作效果,并归纳了团队特征、环境特征以及过程管理三个方面的影响因素。以该框架为依据设计问卷,调查了我国某所高校科研团队间合作的状况。结果表明,科研团队的总体合作效果较为理想,但在团队特征以及过程管理中体现出一些问题,说明合作还不够深入,还有很大的创新潜力,今后的研究还应在这些问题上做更进一步的工作。     

学业拖延研究综述

学业拖延是一种包含认知、情感和行为成分的复杂心理现象。本文主要对近年来国内外学业拖延研究进行梳理,从理论研究方面介绍学业拖延的含义、类型和性质;从实证研究方面分析当前该领域研究现状、研究方法、测量工具与新近研究成果,以新的思路综述该领域的研究,以期为后续的学业拖延研究者提供参考。     

大学生科研素质培养的网络学术论坛途径研究

网络学术论坛为大学生科研素质培养提供了新途径。本文在网络学术论坛的特点、大学生需要培养的科研素质内涵、网络学术论坛在大学生科研素质培养中的作用、如何加强论坛建设等方面进行了思考,提出了自己的观点。     

In good company: The influence of peers on industry engagement by academic scientists

Previous research on academic entrepreneurship and engagement with industry has found that the behaviour of academics is influenced by their local social context. However, we know little about the mechanisms that produce this effect. We argue that academic scientists’ industry engagement is influenced significantly by the behaviour of their peers, that is, the behaviour of colleagues of similar seniority. Using insights from social psychology, we hypothesize that these peer effects are produced by the mechanism of social comparison. In an analysis of data from multiple sources for 1370 UK academic scientists and engineers, we find that peer effects are stronger for early career individuals and weaker for star scientists, suggesting the incidence of social comparison. We argue that individuals look to their immediate peers for inspiration, because they view them as an important reference group and use them as a benchmark for their own ambitions and behaviours. Our findings have important implications for how universities may encourage scientists’ behaviours by paying attention to local work contexts.     

积极领导与员工敬业度的关系研究:基于自我决定视角

采用问卷调查法,以63个团队的288套主管–员工配对数据为样本,基于自我决定视角考察了中国组织情境下积极领导对员工敬业度的影响,以及需求满足和主动性人格在以上关系中所起的中介和调节作用。采用多层线性模型、跨层次被调节的中介效应分析等方法进行统计分析。研究结果表明：积极领导对员工敬业度有显著正向影响;积极领导通过员工需求满足的中介效应影响员工敬业度;员工主动性人格对积极领导与员工需求满足之间的关系具有负向调节效应,对需求满足和敬业度之间的关系具有负向调节效应,在需求满足对积极领导–员工敬业度之间关系的中介作用中也具有调节效应。     

The implications of academic enterprise for public science: An overview of the empirical evidence

Concerns have been raised that the growing emphasis on the commercial value of academic research may have negative, unintended consequences, notably that it may have a deleterious effect on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge or on the open-ended nature of public science. These concerns have catalyzed an expanding set of empirical studies, the evidence from which is vast and mixed. We review this body of investigative work, teasing out some preliminary conclusions regarding the broader implications of academic enterprise and promising avenues for further research.     

建立并完善道德自律和法律规制互动的科研诚信体系

科研诚信是科研主体从事科研活动应该遵守的基本价值。科研不端行为破坏科研活动秩序,削弱科研创新能力,造成国家竞争力下降。建立并完善以道德自律和法律他律互动的科研诚信制度体系,规范科研活动,润育健康的科研环境势在必行。     

The relationship between interdisciplinarity and distinct modes of university-industry interaction

Interdisciplinary research (IDR) has raised increasing expectations among scholars and policymakers about its potential to produce ground-breaking scientific contributions and satisfy societal demands. While existing research highlights that novel connections across fields is beneficial for scientific contributions with high academic impact, comparatively less is known about whether IDR is positively associated to scientists’ engagement with non-academic actors. To investigate this, we examine whether there is a systematic relationship between scientists’ IDR-orientation and their interactions with industry. We conceptually distinguish four stylized modes of interaction (firm creation, technology transfer, co-production and response modes) and employ three distinct indicators of IDR. We use data on 1,170 scientists affiliated to public research organizations in Spain, bibliometric dataset of scientists’ publications, and details of scientists’ past involvement in interactions with industry. Our results show that IDR has a transversal influence on all four modes. However, IDR-oriented scientists are more strongly associated to transactional (market-mediated) compared to relational (personal-based) interaction mechanisms; while we find no evidence of a significant difference between IDR-oriented scientists and their propensity to engage in different modes of U-I interaction according to the degree of goal specificity.     

Research intensity and knowledge transfer activity in UK universities

As the innovation process has become more open and networked, Government policy in the UK has sought to promote both research excellence in the university sector and the translation of this into economic benefit through university-business engagement. However, this policy approach has tended to be applied uniformly with little account for organisational differences within the sector. In this paper we consider if differences between universities in their research performance is reflected in their knowledge transfer activity. Specifically, as universities develop a commercialization agenda are the strategic priorities for knowledge transfer, the organisational supports in place to facilitate knowledge transfer and the scale and scope of knowledge transfer activity different for high research intensive (HRI) and low research intensive (LRI) universities? The findings demonstrate that universities’ approach to knowledge transfer is shaped by institutional and organisational resources, in particular their ethos and research quality, rather than the capability to undertake knowledge transfer through a Technology Transfer Office (TTO). Strategic priorities for knowledge transfer are reflected in activity, in terms of the dominance of specific knowledge transfer channels, the partners with which universities engage and the geography of business engagement.     

学科环境、部门学术质量与学者的产业参与行为

高校学者参与非商业化的产学合作形式是其科研成果服务社会的重要途径。研究了不同学科环境下部门学术质量对学者产业参与行为的跨层次影响,引入参与动机作为中介变量。通过对562份样本数据的跨层次分析发现：（1）在自然科学类学科,部门学术质量、参与动机的两个维度均对产业参与呈正向影响,参与动机对部门学术质量与产业参与关系起部分中介作用;（2）在人文社会类学科,部门学术质量对研究相关动机及产业参与呈倒U型关系：在低质量部门呈正相关关系,在高质量部门呈负相关关系;仅研究相关动机对部门学术质量和产业参与关系起部分中介作用。研究结论对提高高校成果转化效率有一定的实践意义。     

基于模糊DEMATEL-ISM方法的员工绿色行为影响因素研究

通过文献查阅、问卷调查及专家访谈方式,构建出涵盖20个因素的影响因素体系。同时对影响员工绿色行为的各个因素进行系统化、层次化研究,通过Fuzzy-DEMATEL方法对于影响因素体系内的关键影响因素进行识别,并通过ISM方法对于员工绿色行为各影响因素进行系统分析,建立层次结构模型。研究表明,个体特质和组织绿色文化对员工绿色行为存在最深层的影响。其中,个体特质对于员工绿色行为存在根源影响,组织绿色文化对员工绿色行为存在深层影响。通过上述结论为企业鼓励、支持和引导员工践行绿色行为提供管理对策和建议。     

Impact of public and private research funding on scientific production: The case of nanotechnology

This article measures the impact of public grants, private contracts and collaboration on the scientific production of Canadian nanotechnology academics. The paper estimates a time-related model of the impact of academic research financing and network structure on the research output of individual academics measured by the number of papers. Results suggest that the effect of individual public funding follows a J-shaped curve. Although contracts have no effects, the impact of patenting follows an inverted-U shaped curve. In addition, a strong central position in the past collaborative network has a positive effect on research output.