How Community Colleges in Texas Prioritize Resources for Latino Men

This study explored how administrators at community colleges conceptualized change related to resource allocation and managing competing priorities to support targeted programming for Latino men. The study included the perspectives of 39 administrators from seven community colleges across Texas using concepts associated with institutional change to ground our analysis. Findings revealed that state and national initiatives, particularly those concerned with enhancing success for students of color, influenced how community college administrators approached change on their campuses. In addition, community college institutional mission, leadership, and a desire for data-informed resource management influenced the approach to resource allocation for Latino men.     

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,DIRECT FINANCIAL AID,AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS

This article examines federal student financial aid, with an emphasis on direct grant aid programs to serve needy students attending community colleges. It describes the economic, historical, and political assumptions and incentives to show how public community colleges and their students have been impacted by federal and state direct student aid policies. The article then presents recent data regarding how economic incentives inherent in federal and state direct student aid policies impact public community colleges and their students when compared to other types of institutions of postsecondary education. Data presented show that lower-income students attending public community colleges were likely to receive less direct grant aid from federal and state sources than those attending for-profit proprietary two-year institutions.     

Public and tribal community college institutional review boards: A national descriptive analysis

It is currently unknown how many Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) exist at community colleges. This study investigates the percentage of public and Tribal community colleges that have active IRBs. It also examines the potential relationships between states that allow community colleges to confer baccalaureate degrees, or that have articulation agreements, and community college IRBs. Data were drawn from the United States Department of Health and Human Services in conjunction with the American Association of Community Colleges and state department of education websites in order to create a national snapshot of active and deactivated IRBs at these institutions. It was most common for a state to have at least one IRB at public community colleges. Conversely, the majority of states with Tribal community colleges did not have IRBs. Further, while no association was found between states that allow community colleges to confer baccalaureate degrees, states with an articulation agreement were more likely to have an active IRB at their community colleges. Trends potentially unique to community college IRB implementation appeared evident, including one IRB to oversee a district or state of community colleges. Future research is needed to clarify the rationales behind these decisions. Creating an IRB is one way in which community colleges might claim a more active leadership role in being both subject and producer of scholarship in the literature.     

我国民办高校财务管理问题研究

随着民办高校数量和规模的急剧扩张,其财务管理暴露出越来越多的问题,这些问题既阻碍了民办高校自身的发展,也影响了社会资源的合理配置。民办高校应积极探索财务管理的新思路、新举措,采取有效措施改善其财务管理活动,以适应社会主义市场经济发展的新形势。     

我国高等职业教育资源配置绩效评价研究——基于AHP-TOPSIS和SOM聚类模型的视角

从办学条件、教学及经费、学生发展、交流培训与服务4个维度选取了21个高等职业教育资源指标,构建了高等职业教育资源配置绩效评价指标体系。运用AHP-TOPSIS模型测算了我国30个省份2018年高等职业教育资源配置绩效的评价值,并利用SOM聚类分析,确定各省份高职教育资源配置绩效的等级。结果显示:纵向科研经费、对外交流和学生就业三种资源配置绩效最优,信息化教学宽带、年生均财政拨款、师生比和高职院校数量四种资源配置绩效最差;从省份中观层面来看,江苏省的高等职业资源配置绩效最优,广东、山东、浙江和北京次之;从区域宏观层面来看,东部地区高等职业教育资源配置绩效优异,中部地区资源配置绩效较差,西部和东北地区的资源配置绩效最差。     

Aligning corporate and financial plans in teaching intensive universities

With recent changes in how UK higher education is funded, universities are operating in a context in which finances are uncertain. It is more important than ever that university leaders are able to manage the finances of their organisations in ways which both provide long-term security and allow for investment in strategically important initiatives. Teaching intensive universities must be able to generate income and oversee the allocation of resources in such a way that responds to student pressure to provide high-quality education and improve services. This article explores the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of aligning corporate and financial strategies in order to support delivery of their strategic aims and operational targets. Recommendations are made for well-managed, well-researched risk taking and developing autonomy within academic and professional services units, such that local resource allocation decisions are also in line with the organisation's strategic aims.     

The power of the purse: student funding and the labour market for Dutch Reformed and Catholic theology students, 1800–1880

Several European countries were unable to match student numbers with labour market demand during the nineteenth century. The causes of this mismatch may be found in the organisation of higher education and the funding of students. Drawing on a variety of sources, this paper compares financial support available to Reformed and Catholic theology students in The Netherlands, to examine how differences in student funding affected enrolment and labour-market patterns. While low tuition fees increased access to the public universities, generous student financing provided by numerous parties caused a structural oversupply of Protestant theology students. The private Catholic colleges instead selected students and applied grants specifically to encourage graduation, consequently balancing students more closely with labour-market demand. This relative success of regional colleges over national universities mirrors the primary education history literature on the benefits of local coordination and resource allocation.     

高等教育学费二元结构的审视与调控

高等教育学费二元结构是公办和民办高校产权差异和学费制度差异的反映。公共财政不足造成了公办和民办高等教育的二元规制、市场的二元分割和市场功能定位的分化。这导致学费定价中政府与市场的边界不清、公办和民办高等教育学费标准的差异与质量的差异不对称、个人投资收益率的差异扩大、学费的资源配置功能弱化。“效率优先,兼顾公平”是其指导思想,其不利于先天禀赋不足的学生,其社会福利效应逐渐降低。在公共财政能力已经增强,高等教育已经大众化的背景下,应该取消对公办和民办高等教育的二元规制,加大民办高等教育的财政投入,提高民办高等教育的质量,加强民办高等教育的学生资助,消除高等教育学费二元结构的不利影响。     

试析民办高校资源配置的充足性

民办高校资源配置的充足性,主要体现在民办高校在资源的要素配置上的充足程度,它有着特殊的功用。资源充足率、核心资源充足率和核心资源比重是衡量民办高校资源充足性的基本指标,利用促进性指标和破坏性指标可以提高衡量的精确性。我国民办高校的资源配置普遍不足,对单一市场的依附性和公共财政的缺位是造成这一现状的根本原因。通过建立多元混合机制、增注核心资源等手段,有利于实现民办高校资源配置的充足性。     

高职院校专业设置与资源配置研究综述

对2000年以来发表于中国期刊网上的有关高职院校专业设置、我国高职院校资源配置的文献进行了全面而详细的分析,并参阅相关的图书资料,力图勾勒和描绘出我国高职院校专业设置和我国高等教育资源配置的现状及研究的进展和脉络,以便为协调高等职业教育专业设置和我国高职院校资源配置的关系进行更好的研究提供一个完整而清晰的视角。我国的高职院校发展较为迟缓,其学科体系和诸多理论问题尚处于探索阶段,而当前许多新的职业岗位的不断涌现对高职院校的专业设置和教育资源配置提出了新的挑战,如何协调两者之间的关系仍有待于实践的探索。     

略谈如何加强高校财务管理

加强高校财务管理,提高资源配置效率,促进高校健康持续发展,成为高校领导层和每一位财务工作者肩负的历史使命。本文对强化高校财务管理提出了相关对策。     

The School of Public Safety at Valencia College: visioning and implementation of a college-wide distributive and collaborative program model for the central Florida community

The central Florida region, faced with record tourism, a large service population, and significant population growth over the next few decades, must rely on a community-based institution of higher education with lifelong learning offerings, a local community college, to create world class public safety education and training for the region. Furthermore, the literature indicated public safety organizations served by community colleges operate in an open-rational system, while colleges operate in a natural system—and there is no current literature to explain this phenomenon. To establish a new School of Public Safety within these contrasting systems, Valencia College and the central Florida public safety community utilized a collaborative, creative problem solving model with a divergent and convergent thinking strategy to develop the school. It is a school with an on-going intentional public safety service integration training and education philosophy with distributed, isomorphic college-wide public safety programming. The open-rational and natural systems theory explains the strategy and how this theory enhances the School of Public Safety at Valencia College and in central Florida at the social psychological, structural, and ecological levels. The theoretical framework, the comprehensive visioning approach, results of the strategy, values to the student, and public safety organizations and community discussed in this commentary contribute to the body of knowledge on public safety education and training models at community colleges.     

法人化改革后日本国立大学财政管理体系的重构——从"行政隶属型"向"契约型"的转化

上个世纪,日本国立大学的发展主要依赖于政府公共财政的大力支持.然而,2004年国立大学法人化改革不仅改变了国立大学与政府之间的关系,同时也重新构筑了国立大学财政管理体系.本文将聚焦法人化改革后日本国立大学财政管理体系,对其中高等教育经费的投入、政府支出的配置方式以及学费缴纳标准的设定展开分析,并在此基础上思考这种契约型财政管理体系的特征及其背后隐含的危机与问题.     

Stretching Every Dollar: The Impact of Personal Financial Stress on the Enrollment Behaviors of Working and Nonworking Community College Students

ABSTRACT

Using 1,400 survey responses collected from two large urban community college systems in Texas, this study examined how students’ financial habits, stress, and well-being influenced their enrollment behaviors. Working students, compared to their nonworking peers, reported significantly lower levels of overall financial well-being. After controlling for other relevant predictors of persistence, regression results showed that students with lower financial well-being and higher financial stress were more likely to doubt their ability to complete college. Results for the restricted sample of working students revealed a strong relationship between a student’s financial well-being and stress. These students also reported having to reduce their semester course load and/or stopping out for a semester in order to work more hours to pay for expenses. These findings suggest that initiatives aimed at helping students improve their financial literacy and money management skills may be an effective, yet underutilized, way to improve retention rates at community colleges.     

The Process of Transition for Community College Transfer Students

This assessment considers the sustainability of initiatives begun as a result of participation in the Rural Community College Initiative (RCCI). Case studies were conducted at eight community colleges, and quantitative data was gathered from the U.S. Census, the Department of Labor, and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Elements that helped the colleges sustain initiatives beyond the funding cycle are discussed.     

The Promise of University-Assisted Community Schools to Transform American Schooling: A Report From the Field, 1985–2012

This article explores the university-assisted community school approach as it has been developed at the University of Pennsylvania with its school and community partners in West Philadelphia since 1985, as well as adapted nationally. The approach is grounded in John Dewey's theory that the neighborhood school can function as the core neighborhood institution that provides comprehensive services, galvanizes other community institutions and groups, and helps solve the myriad problems schools and community confront in a rapidly changing world. Building on Dewey's ideas, the authors argue that all colleges and universities should make solving the problem of the American schooling system a very high institutional priority; their contributions to its solution should count heavily both in assessing their institutional performance (by themselves and others) and be a critical factor when responding to their requests for renewed or increased resources and financial support. Providing concrete examples from over 20 years of work in West Philadelphia, as well as from initiatives across the country, this article explores the potential of developing university-assisted community schools as an effective approach for school reform, pre-Kindergarten through higher education.     

高职院校二级财务管理有效模式的探讨

随着高等教育体制改革和高职院校内涵建设的不断深入,高职院校实行校院（系）二级管理是提升管理水平的必然趋势,如何在校院（系）二级管理体制下实施有效的财务管理是目前高职学院探索的重要问题。文章从财务管理体制、组织架构、经费划拨方式和二级预算管理、内部控制、绩效考评五个方面阐述了如何构建有效的二级财务管理模式,全方位地保证高职院校财务管理目标的实现。     

Data Systems Linking Resources to Actions and Outcomes: One of the Nation's Most Pressing Education Challenges

The inadequacy of present-day public school financial and performance reporting restricts policymakers. With existing spending and activity information now generally available, public officials can determine only overall education resource levels and make allocative decisions only among gross input categories such as relative amounts of labor and materials. If policymakers knew with greater precision for what activities school resources were actually employed and could systematically link resources to results, the consequence might well be greater (a) knowledge regarding schooling and progress toward an “education production function,” (b) distributional equity of educational resources, and (c) opportunity for informed public discussion of education.     

公共财政资助民办高校研究综述简

近年来,高等教育理论工作者对公共财政资助民办高校这一问题给予了广泛关注,并取得了丰硕成果。研究的焦点主要集中在：一是对公共财政资助民办高校现状的研究,二是公共财政资助民办高校的必要性研究,三是践行“他山之石,可以攻玉”,对一些国家公共财政资助民办高校的成功之道进行了比较研究,四是对于公共财政资助民办高校的对策研究。基于以上四方面对国内文献进行梳理和分析,可以在此基础上对未来研究作出一定展望。