论经济发达地区独立学院民营化发展模式——以温州的独立学院为例

独立学院民营化要求实现独立学院资金来源多元化,教育资源利用广泛化和产权归属明晰化。浙江省温州市的独立学院在温州独特的经济环境和不断完善的政策环境下,走出了一条民营化的发展道路。经济发达地区独立学院的民营化发展,应充分利用现有公办高校的优质教育资源,积极吸收民营资本;通过名校、名城、名企的强强联合,创办高水平的独立学院。     

THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGES: MISSISSIPPI'S SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY AND JUNIOR COLLEGES

Mississippi's system of public community and junior colleges developed as a response to changing educational needs in the state. The need to provide secondary education to rural areas of the state led to the agricultural high school movement in 1908. Time diminished the need for these schools, so the state's educational leadership proposed using the facilities to offer college‐level coursework. In 1928, Mississippi counties were authorized to join together in forming junior college districts. The colleges began as agencies of local government and continue so to the present. A state‐level office with coordinating responsibilities was established at the State Department of Education. The state's system of 2‐year colleges began just 1 year before the national economic depression. Easy access and low costs made the junior colleges attractive to Mississippians then and now. The junior college mission was to offer university transfer programs to students. After World War II, the junior colleges expanded their missions to include vocational and technical training. This was in response to the demands of business and industry as well as the needs of veterans returning to the workforce. Postwar industrial development in the state gave the junior colleges a greater role in workforce training. Mississippi's two‐year colleges have experienced demographic and technology changes that reflect national trends. In contrast to most other states, Mississippi's community and junior college leadership continues to identify university parallel programs as their primary mission.     

美国高等教育普及化的制度逻辑

美国高等教育在经历了殖民教育的诞生、州立大学的发展、初级学院的繁盛和国民教育的兴渐四个发展时期后,实现了高等教育普及化。美国高等教育普及化的制度特征主要体现为多元互补的教育结构、高进低出的招生制度和公私兼济的财政制度。影响美国高等教育普及化的制度环境主要包括公益性的政策环境、竞争性的市场环境和多样性的社会环境。学习与借鉴关国经验,有助于我们在高等教育普及化过程中找到一块合适的制度土壤。     

实施部分公立高校向民办高校的转制--对发展民办高等教育的另一种思考

发展独立学院正在成为发展我国民办高等教育的一种新的思路，新的重大举措。为着促进民办高等教育的多样化发展，我们认为可以在发展独立学院的基础上更进一步，即直接实施部分公立高校向民办高校的转制。本文在回顾我国高等教育办学体制改革历程的基础上，对实施部分公立高校向民办高校转制的意义及其转制策略进行了初步分析与探讨。     

我国高职院校国际合作办学现状及对策

我国高职院校国际合作办学是外国教育机构与中国高职教育机构在中国境内合作举办的教育教学活动,它目前存在合作办学项目管理滞后、主次地位不分、欠缺公益性和优质合作办学资源等问题。目前我国高职院校国际合作办学需重视的工作是坚持我方的主导地位、合作办学的公益性,总结经验、统一认识。     

The development of career guidance and counseling in Taiwan

This paper presents a report on the development of career guidance and counseling services in Taiwan, Republic of China. Based on extensive interviews in 1983 and 1987 with leaders in public and private education, government agencies, and faculty and students in junior colleges and universities, the services currently provided are described as they interface with the educational system. Certain issues emerged from the research which may affect the further development of counseling services in Taiwan; guidelines are offered for addressing these. The issues discussed are: the stigma against counseling; the general resistance to change and the traditionalism of the educational system; the potential conflict between serving national labor needs and developing individual human potential; the stress produced by the educational system itself; the traditional emphasis on testing in schools and colleges; the need to professionalize counselors; and the judicious integration of western perspectives into an indigenous Chinese philosophy of counseling and guidance.     

转型之际独立学院存在的问题及对策

通过实地调查发现,转型之际部分独立学院还存在着办学思路不清、办学特色不明显、师资队伍较弱、教学管理不规范等一系列问题。只有从办学理念、师资队伍、教学管理等方面加强内涵建设,切实提高教学质量,独立学院才能发展成为真正意义上的独立民办大学。     

福建省公办与民办高职院校的协调发展——教育公平的视角

公办、民办高职院校协调发展是高等职业教育持续健康发展的基础。教育公平视角下,福建省公办与民办高职院校存在发展基础、办学经费、队伍建设、办学质量等方面的差异。在当前福建高等职业教育发展的大背景中,面对教育的公益性原则,基于教育的公平准则,应当正视公办与民办高职院校的发展差异问题,积极采取各种措施,努力促进公办与民办高职院校全面协调可持续发展。     

论我国独立学院的高质量转设

我国独立学院的高质量转设面临着多重困境,包括由镶嵌着母体高校的类型特征带来的办学定位困境;由原有运行机制引发的利益主体对转设的适应困境;由母体高校的品牌效应抽离引发的身份认同困境;由母体高校优质资源减少带来的发展困境等。独立学院要实现高质量转设,在转设为民办高校过程中要突出高标准定位;在转设为公办高校过程中要突出特色化建构;在办学体制转型过程中要突出创新性发展。为实现独立学院的高质量转设,我国有必要制定政策规范,帮助独立学院摆脱多重利益羁绊;强化政策激励,激发独立学院发展的内生动力;加强政策引导,促使独立学院办学回归教育逻辑;持续综合施策,实现独立学院的顺利转型。     

起源与路向：独立学院合法性问题分析

独立学院合法性起源于母体高校的＂魅力＂和教育环境的危机,它拥有经验主义和规范主义双重路向的合法化来源。虽然它从一诞生就持续地进行着后天的合法性建构,但是仍难以摆脱合法性危机。具体表现在：价值目标与教育应然价值间的紧张,与母体高校和投资方之间的必然的矛盾性,制度设计的缺失,对民办高等教育的冲击等。独立学院必须持续地寻求规范化,更加努力地进行合法性建构,其合法化有四条途径可选。一是,独立成为普通民办高校;二是,回归母体高校或二者整合形成战略联盟;三是,与其他民办高校甚至公办转制高校合并;四是,合并组建综合性的民办大学。在现实中第一条道路正成为主导的选择。     

How do different types of schools prepare students for life at Cambridge?

Twenty students from different educational backgrounds within the UK were interviewed to investigate how well they considered their secondary school education had prepared them for the educational and social demands of an ‘elite’ university and life within its most traditional colleges. The study asked them how they perceived students from different educational backgrounds and how they thought they were perceived. Entering a traditional Cambridge college was found to be easiest for students from prestigious ‘public schools’ within the private educational sector. State school students were more likely to experience anxiety, and those who adapted successfully were likely to have strong independent learning skills and a robust sense of self-efficacy. The study suggests that students coming from state schools to Cambridge are making a more difficult academic and social transition than students from private schools, for which they are given no special support.     

中国公办、民办高校公平性透析：竞争的视角

中国公办、民办高校在公平竞争环境中发展有利于中国高校竞争生态的形成。目前,中国民办高校的发展处在艰难的发展和提升期。中国民办高校能否得到健康、快速地发展,与公办高校相比,最为重要的是在教育市场中要有一个公平竞争的环境。分析公办、民办高校之间竞争的主体、竞争的范围、竞争的层次、竞争的途径、竞争的程度、竞争的表现形式,便于对中国公办、民办高校之间竞争的公平性问题进行剖析。     

构建中国民办高等教育质量保障体系的探索

当前全国共有民办高校676所、在校生476.68万人,分别占全国高校及其在校生总数的28.66%和21.35%,已成为中国高等教育的重要组成部分。教育质量始终是民办高校生存与发展的生命线,鉴于民办高校与公办高校在经费来源、学校管理体制、单位属性等方面存在诸多不同之处,因此构建一个专门针对民办高校的高等教育质量保障体系实有必要且十分迫切。建议该体系由三个部分构成,即教育行政部门进行民办高校许可证评估、校外独立的评估中介机构定期进行民办高校质量评估、民办高校建立内部教育质量评估系统进行自评,从而形成民办高校教育质量评估的政府管理、社会监督、学校自评的合力,以不断提高民办高校的教育质量和核心竞争力。     

关于我国民办高等教育拾遗补缺性地位的思考

文章认为目前公立高校在资源获取、社会认可等方面都处于垄断和优势地位,民办高校无法与公立高校在同一平台上竞争。进一步的政策选择应在促进公平竞争的导向下,推进政策变革,为民办高校的发展提供平等的政策环境。     

公立高校“转制”:路径选择与制度安排

部分公立高校“转制”,是教育民营化在高等教育领域从表层进入制度层面的一条极为重要的路径。其内在动因在于,提高公立高校的办学效率和质量,丰富公立高校办学形式,形成公立高校与民办高校良性竞争的格局。公立高校“转制”的关键在于制度安排,即探索多样化的“转制”形式;科学划定范围和限度;以营利性高校和非营利性高校的界定为切入口,为“转制”高校的运作提供法规保障;以明晰规范“转制”高校的产权为重点,强化政府的监管职能。     

以就业为导向的中国民办高校发展历程

1999年教育部扩招开始,民办教育也迎来了高速发展的时期。近年来,众多的二级学院成功转设,民办高校已经步入和公办高校同台竞技的阶段。文章从就业角度出发,划分我国民办高校的发展历程,并指出民办高校的未来发展方向。     

民办高校学生资助研究:基于与公办高校的对比

目前,从高校学生资助政策层面上看,民办高校与公办高校学生基本相同。但调查研究表明,民办高校学生的资助水平低于公办高校。为此应在三个方面进行努力:首先,在奖、助资金分配过程中,应当转变观念,实现资金分配的公平、公正和透明化;其次,应加大对民办高校的监管力度,确保政府颁布的各项政策在民办高校得以落实;再次,探索在现有的政策框架之外,对民办高校学生给予特别学费资助。     

新升本院校大学英语教学模式的转换

近年来,我国一些高等专科学校纷纷升为普通本科院校。＂专升本＂不仅提升了办学层次,还意味着对学校在办学定位、办学思路和教育发展目标及手段等方面提出了更高的要求。大学英语是一门面向全校本科生的公共基础性课程,对于本科生的人才培养和就业起着举足轻重的作用。本文将对大学英语传统的教学模式和新型的网络教学模式进行对比分析,以期对新升本院校大学英语教学模式的转换和学生自主能力的培养有所助益。     

论民办高校的产权流动

在一定争件下允许和鼓励民办高校产权合理流动,不仅符合资本本身的逐利特性,也是优化组织体资本机构、促进资源优化配置的有效方式。民办高校产权流动不同于一般企业的产权流动,要始终坚持维护教育的公益性原则、可持续发展原则以度法制化原则。民办高校的产权流动主要涉及举办者产权流动和民办高校的产权流动。当前,影响民办高校产权流动的主要障碍在于产权体系残缺,产权流动不完整;产权界定不清晰,交易成本较高;产权流动不规范,配套制度不健全等问题。要明晰举办者与民办高校的产权界定,建立完整的教育产权流动体系,依法规范资产评估程序,建立和完善民办高校产权交易市场,并积极完善民办高校产权流动的相关法律体系。     

PPP模式与教育投融资体制改革

PPP是公共部门与私人部门伙伴关系提供公共产品的新模式.教育服务是准公共产品,教育投融资体制中引入PPP模式,能有效减轻政府财政支出压力,转移风险,提高公共教育资源配置效率;同时,国外的成功实践、良好的项目运作环境和充足的市场资金来源为PPP模式的引入提供可能.我国应从高等教育基础设施建设入手,选择合适的项目进行PPP试点.政府应营造PPP模式正常运行的法制环境,协调各方利益,充分发挥服务功能.