《九宫大成北词宫谱》曲词中两字组词素重音情况考察

<九宫大成北词宫谱>是一部昆曲曲谱.通过对相邻曲词的工尺谱统计情况得知:曲词中两字组词素的连音调值关系很有规律性,除上声外,其他声调无论调值高低,只要在前时,音高就要高于后调.进而得出:戏曲语言虽是夸张了的语言,但在两字组重音方面,与实际语流中的普通话是完全相同的.     

汉语上声"语音缺陷"刍议

在普通话水平测试（PSC）中，读单音节字词部分的上声音节及双音节词语后一上声音节时，调值应为214，如读作21或211值，即判为“语音缺陷”。这似乎已是PSC评分标准的共识。但从上声音节的读音现状、上声声调的基本特征、语音评分标准和PSC的性质及目的的关系等方面分析，这种共识确有值得商榷之处。     

汉语拼音教学的几个问题

(一)上声相连,前变阳平普通话的上声是一种降升调,调值由半低降到最低再升到半高,拐弯大,连读难.因此,在两个(或两个以上的)上声音节连读时,前面的上声就变读成阳平,即由降升调变为升调.1.两个上声音节相连,前一个变读阳平.如:勇敢 领导 广场 举手 很好2.三个上声音节相连,前两个变读阳平.如:展览馆 管理组 手写体 纸老虎(二)叠字形容词后半读阴平在普通话里,叠字形容词的后一字或后两字如果不是阴平字则往往变读阴平调.1.后一字不是阴平字变读阴平调:     

浅论普通话的审美价值

汉语与其他语言相比，一个显著的特点就是有声调，而且音节分割清晰，没有复辅音，有轻声、儿化韵和变音变调现象。普通话的轻声音、儿化韵、“啊”的音变、上声的音变、语速的变化、重音的选择、句调的选择、连音或减音、弱化或脱落以及叠音，这一切都构成了普通话语音形式的音韵美。     

山东费县(刘庄)方言两字组连读变调

费县(刘庄)方言的两字组连读变调可以分为非轻声两字组连读变调和轻声两字组连读变调两类。非轻声两字组中除前字为上声的两字组前后字都不变调外,其他两字组普遍表现为前字变调,后字不变调;轻声两字组连读变调普遍表现为前字和后字都发生变调。     

烟台方言连读变调研究

烟台方言具有两种不同的连读变调形式。在两字组中,最后一个音节的声调保持不变,而首音节的声调遵循字调变调规则发生连读变调,在所有的两字组组合中四种组合发生连读变调。在三字组中,末尾音节的声调依然保持不变,而首音节和第二音节声调,受到尾音节声调的同化作用,遵循词调变调规则发生连读变调,所有的三字组组合都统一按照末尾音节声调的类型发生相应的连读变调。这种现象印证了词调变调与字调变调是语言发展过程中两个不同阶段的理论。     

普通话学习中的上声变调问题

普通话上声音节的调值为[214],由于其降升的曲折调型,加之音长较长,导致其在语流过程中不可能把调型发得很完整,便形成了较为复杂的变调。正因为如此。上声及上声变调的已成为了普通话语音学习的重点和难点。根据现有各教材的基本观点,关于上声变调的问题,似乎已成定论。根据语流音变的基本规律,本人结合自己在教学实践中的经验,谈谈在上声变调的学习中应重点把握的三个方面问题。     

普通话学习中的上声变调问题

普通话上声音节的调值为〔214〕,由于其降升的曲折调型,加之音长较长,导致其在语流过程中不可能把调型发得很完整,便形成了较为复杂的变调。正因为如此,上声及上声变调的已成为了普通话语音学习的重点和难点。根据现有各教材的基本观点,关于上声变调的问题,似乎已成定论。根据语流音变的基本规律,本人结合自己在教学实践中的经验,谈谈在上声变调的学习中应重点把握的三个方面问题。     

凤翔方言的子变韵和D变韵

陕西凤翔方言既有自成音节的词缀“子”,41个韵母中又有39个可以生成子变韵,自成音节的词缀“子”和子变韵可以自由交替使用。凤翔方言的子变韵是长音型,与山西临猗、夏县和山东博山相同。凤翔方言阳平字的子变韵只是拖长音节,不变调;阴平、上声和去声的子变韵在拖长音节的同时还变调,变调调值与后字为轻声的两字组中的前字相同。凤翔方言中虚词“着、的、得”和实词“上”可省略,用前字的D变韵母表示。“的”“着”“得”“上”等字和D变韵可以自由交替使用。D变韵方式和子变韵相同,即音节拖长,阳平字不变调,阴平、上声和去声字同时还变调。     

关于普通话上声变调的教学问题

作为现代汉语语音教学的一个重要组成部分,上声及上声变调的教学一直是现代汉语和对外汉语语音教学中的重点和难点。根据语流音变的规律,在教学中应重点把握三种形式的变调:一是两个音节中的前一个上声音节的变调,二是三个上声相连的变调,三是四个及多个上声音节相连的变调。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.