大学生体力活动影响体质健康的研究

大学生是祖国的未来和希望,他们的体质健康状况也影响着整个群体的发展以及国家的发展。这些年来,关于大学生体质健康方面的问题一直困扰着人们,甚至大学生的体质健康出现了一些不和谐的因素。体力活动对于体质健康产生直接性的影响,最为明显的体现就是影响了体质的指数,而体质的指数在一定程度上也体现了体质健康水平。在这样的背景下,对大学生体力活动影响体质健康开展进一步的研究,能够找到大学生体力活动开展的对策,为提高大学生的体质健康提供指导。     

体力活动、静坐行为与学前儿童体质健康的关系

体力活动和静坐行为是影响儿童早期体质健康的重要因素。本研究以152名学前儿童为被试,使用三轴加速度计测量体力活动和静坐行为,使用儿童型人体成分分析仪测量身体成分,使用《国民体质测定标准(幼儿部分)》测评身体素质,使用相关分析、多元回归分析和等时替代回归分析对它们之间的关系进行探究,结果发现在控制了性别、年龄、城乡、佩戴时间和静坐行为等因素后,中高强度体力活动尤其是高强度体力活动对去脂体重指数和身体素质(十米折返跑、立定跳远、双脚连续跳、走平衡木)依然具有显著影响;高强度体力活动替代其他强度体力活动或不同强度体力活动替代静坐行为后,去脂体重指数均有所提升;身体素质变化仅在高强度体力活动替代其他强度体力活动和静坐行为时具有方向一致性和显著性。家长和教师应充分重视中高强度体力活动尤其是高强度体力活动与学前儿童体质健康的紧密联系,促进学前儿童静坐行为和低强度体力活动向中高强度体力活动适度转化,以提升学前儿童下肢肌肉力量素质和灵敏素质等方面的体质健康水平。     

Physical Activity in Former Competitive Athletes: The Physical and Psychological Impact of Musculoskeletal Injury

Although competitive athletes exceed recommendations for physical activity while they are competing in sport, this does not necessarily translate into regular physical activity after retirement from sport. Research suggested the nature of competitive sport participation may not be conducive to lifelong physical activity. We propose one element of competitive sport participation that may impede physical activity post-retirement is injury. We propose that Vela and Denegar’s model of transient disablement in the physically active with musculoskeletal injuries (DPA) may be appropriate to examine the long-term consequences of sport-related injury—particularly with respect to physical activity disablement. Based on our review of literature, we propose the physical and psychological effects of injuries in sports present unique long-term barriers to physical activity in former competitive athletes. Future research could use the DPA as a foundation for assessing the long-term implications of sport-related injuries—particularly with respect to physical activity.     

International Approaches to Whole-of-School Physical Activity Promotion

Increasing physical activity opportunities in schools has emerged as a global priority among school-aged youth. As a result, many countries have designed and implemented whole-of-school physical activity initiatives that seek to increase physical activity opportunities that are available to school-aged children before, during, and after school. Considering the comprehensive school physical activity program conceptual framework, this article includes a discussion of the initiatives from four countries: Finland (Finnish Schools on the Move), Ireland (Active School Flag), Poland (PE with Class), and the United States (Let’s Move Active Schools). Background information, implementation strategies, best practices, development opportunities, and relevant research from each country will be presented. Exploring different perspectives sheds some light on the international landscape relative to whole-of-school physical activity promotion and provides direction for future and continued research and practice.     

Toward Active Living: Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Research and Implications

Comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) holds much promise as a solution for youth PA promotion, due to its strong theoretical and political support. In this article, we review the current research on CSPAP. Fifty-four published articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified and retrieved using direct library database search and bibliography cross-referencing. Based on the literature review in this article, we describe the theoretical foundation of CSPAP, summarize the effects of CSPAP interventions on PA and other related outcomes, highlight the role of school physical education (PE) and PE teachers in the context of CSPAP, and identify the key to successful CSPAP implementation. We finally discuss the implications of current CSPAP research and other scholarly works for future research and practice—advocating the important functionality of school PE for health and student learning.     

体育课准备活动教学研究

文中采用多种不同形式的体育课准备活动进行实验研究,为准备活动的合理安排和教学,提供了相应的依据。     

Recognition of Values-Based Constructs in a Summer Physical Activity Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent participants in a summer sports camp embraced values-based constructs and to examine the relationship between perceptions of values-based constructs and affect and attitude. Participants included 135 ethnically diverse boys and girls (mean age 11.98 years) attending the National Youth Sport Program (NYSP). Participants' perceptions of the extent the program emphasized values-based constructs and participants' enjoyment, interest in sport, future expectations, and respect of leadership were assessed. Factor analysis revealed three values-based constructs: Care for Others/Goal Setting, Self-Responsibility, and Self-Control/Respect. Correlational analyses revealed that emphasizing values-based criteria was positively related to the participant's sport enjoyment, interest in sport, positive future expectations, and greater respect for leaders. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

At the Crossroads: How Physical Education Can Succeed in a Public Health Paradigm

Physical education (PE) can make meaningful contributions to public health by directly providing moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) opportunities for school-aged youth. Quality PE aims to contribute indirectly to PA beyond the school day. Unfortunately, insufficient evidence exists regarding the impact of PE on lifelong PA. This has led PE to a crossroads. Moving straight through the crossroads adds comprehensive school physical activity program responsibilities to the PE teacher’s load. Turning left results in PE teachers being replaced by PA leaders. The right turn reaffirms that the aim of PE is to teach youth the skills, knowledge, and dispositions to become physically literate and active for life. The right turn is the most difficult because it requires systemically changing school PE that has remained stagnant for decades. Recommendations are presented that include embracing the comprehensive school physical activity program model, conducting research clearly defining the role of PE and directing the contributions of PE to broader public health aims.     

Rethinking Recommendations for Implementing Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: A Partnership Model

Recommended approaches to promoting children’s physical activity through schools call for physical education teachers to serve as champions for, and leaders of, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAPs). Little evidence, however, exists to suggest that physical education teachers are ideally prepared or supported to assume CSPAP leadership roles. The purpose of this article is to consider expectations that must be met for physical education teachers to serve as central protagonists in CSPAP implementation efforts, and to propose a conceptual model aimed at increasing both effectiveness and sustainability of CSPAPs through key external-internal partnerships. Specifically, community-based participatory research, communities of practice, and service-learning are presented as possible strategies to expand the support system for growing and sustaining CSPAPs. In sum, this article offers some reasons for rethinking current recommendations for CSPAP implementation.     

Conceptual Physical Education: A Secondary Innovation

ABSTRACT

Over the last 40 years, the Conceptual Physical Education (CPE) movement has played an important role in the evolution of secondary school physical education (PE). In this article, we trace the history of CPE as well as fitness education (FE) programs that share common objectives with CPE. CPE at the college/university level is almost universal and has been shown to be a longstanding innovation. The information provided here suggests that CPE/FE programs at the secondary level are also an innovation, rather than a passing fad. Among the topics explored include factors precipitating the innovation, the stages of implementation, the current status of the innovation, factors leading to success, barriers to be overcome in program implementation, and suggestions for the future. Finally, evidence is provided to show that CPE, when conducted with fidelity, can be effective in promoting the overarching objective of quality PE programs—promoting lifelong physical activity.     

健康与体育融合:内涵、功能与推进路径

防控新冠肺炎疫情常态化,学校在保证将疫情阻挡在校门外的同时,还应将"健康第一"的理念贯彻到教育系统各个层面,提升我国学生群体健康素养水平。健康教育实效的关键在于利用好《体育与健康》课作为载体课程,实现健康与体育从理念、情感、形式、内容等多维有机融合。从强化体育服务于健康的理念,教学目标锚定学生健康素养和体育素养的提升,教学内容注重健康与体育知识、技能的糅合贯通,课程设计基于能力的培养,学业质量评价体现习得、活用、探究的过程和结局等方面全方位推进。     

体育锻炼在提升高职学生心理幸福感中发挥的作用

心理幸福感的不断提升,有助于高职学生各项能力、素质的全面发展,也是高职院校促进学生身心健康发展的理想选择。为此,文章就针对《体育锻炼在提升高职学生心理幸福感中发挥的作用》这一课题进行研究,希望广大教师、学者在工作实践中受到的启发。     

毕节学院《学生体质健康标准》测试结果分析与研究

根据教育部2002年颁布的《学生体质健康标准》,我院体育系对2003级和2005级大学生进行了学生体质健康测试。并运用测试法,数理统计法,比较分析法对测试结果进行了分析和研究,测试结果较为真实地反映了我院当前学生体质健康状况。同时我们还发现了问题,提出了建议,为我院全面贯彻执行《学生体质健康标准》,增强学生体质,促进学生身心健康发展提供了重要科学依据     

论体育游戏在高校健康教育中的重要作用

健康教育是高校育人的主要任务之一，在高校的体育教学中运用体育游戏这一健身效果好，趣味性强，易于开展的项目来进行健康教育，对培养大学生体魄强健、身心健康、道德高尚、团结协作和适应社会的能力有着十分重要的意义和作用。     

Fitting into Our Genes: Evolutionary Theory of the Health Benefits of Physical Activity

ABSTRACT

There is ample evidence that regular physical activity can prevent or delay a large number of chronic health conditions in humans, and the evolutionary theory of the health benefits of physical activity may provide insight into this phenomenon. Because the physical activity of tracking/hunting game and constantly searching for other food, water, and resources was necessary for the survival of our Paleolithic (hunter-gatherer) ancestors, evolutionary selective pressure ensured the propagation of genes that optimally supported acute and repeated bouts of physical activity. In contrast, genes that did not optimally respond to physical activity were lost to natural selection over millions of years. The Neolithic (agrarian) descendants of the hunter-gatherers also led lives of high physical exertion, to which their inherited genes (programmed to expect physical activity) responded in a healthy fashion. Unfortunately, modern sedentary behavior promotes the unhealthy expression of physical activity-responsive genes, thus precipitating chronic disease and premature mortality. As the modern-day chronic disease epidemic expands seemingly unchecked, it is increasingly important to reintroduce widespread physical activity to a species genetically pre-programmed to thrive on it, thus fitting into our genes.     

课外体育活动现状及其对策

对目前我国学校课外体育活动普遍存在的重视不够、疏于管理、内容陈旧、封闭自守等现象进行了初步的分析,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策.     

体力活动、膳食营养与血脂

讨论了体力运动、膳食营养对血浆脂蛋白的影响．     

教育科研成果推广的价值取向

教育科研成果推广是当前教育教学改革的需要,也是推动教育事业可持续发展的强大动力,其价值取向主要体现在:教育科研成果推广具有有利于促进教师专业发展、推动教育教学改革、提高教育教学质量的教育学价值;有利于形成应用教育科研成果、评价教育科研成果、促进教育科研活动的心理场价值;有利于形成教育科研交往圈、消除教育教学与教育科研的分离、创设主体间和谐的社会学价值等。