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1.
段子才  张戈 《体育科学》2006,26(4):65-66,85
为了观察中长跑运动员长距离跑过程中步频和步幅的变化对身体机能反应的影响,8名运动员在跑台上分别采取主动加大步幅和主动减小步幅而增快步频的跑法,以相同的速度进行了两次5km跑,记录运动员在跑步过程中心率的变化并进行对比。结果显示,在相同速度5km跑的过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅的跑法,其心率均值显著低于采取主动加大步幅的跑法。提示,长距离跑过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅,或加大步频的跑法较为省力。  相似文献   

2.
为了深入研究长跑运动中步频、步幅对运动员身体机能和训练水平的影响,对黑龙江省体工队长跑项目的10名运动员进行了不同跑速下的步频、步幅及对心率变化的影响的测试。并根据测试结果,分析讨论了运动员不同跑速下步频、步幅的变化规律,及对心率变化的影响,发现随跑速的增加,步频、步幅会产生相应的变化,且心率有增加趋势;并且在同一跑速下,运用不同的步频跑,心率变化存在差异性;还发现步频的变化与体脂含量存在较大的相关性,相关系数达到0.85(P<0.05)。希望通过长跑运动中的步频、步幅的研究,为实现长跑技术的优化,提高训练效果,制定科学的训练计划提供理论基础。  相似文献   

3.
不同步频和步幅的5km跑过程中运动员心率变化的对比研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
段子才  张戈 《体育科学》2006,26(4):65-66
为了观察中长跑运动员长距离跑过程中步频和步幅的变化对身体机能反应的影响,8名运动员在跑台上分别采取主动加大步幅和主动减小步幅而增快步频的跑法,以相同的速度进行了两次5km跑,记录运动员在跑步过程中心率的变化并进行对比。结果显示,在相同速度5km跑的过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅的跑法,其心率均值显著低于采取主动加大步幅的跑法。提示,长距离跑过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅,或加大步频的跑法较为省力。  相似文献   

4.
对提高我国百米途中跑步频与步幅有效途径的探讨   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文采用高速摄影和影片解析的方法,对我国优秀男子短跑运动员途中跑步频、步幅诸因素进行分析。结果显示腾空时间和支撑阶段支撑腿从垂直支撑到最大缓冲的时间过长是制约步幅的主要因素;合理延长后蹬距离是提高步频的有效途径。  相似文献   

5.
通过对中外百米短跑优秀运动员的运动指标进行相关性数理分析后发现:在影响运动成绩的主要因素中,依次是步幅、相对步幅、步频。而步频对成绩的影响,中外选手没有显著性差异。通过剔除法筛选,最终选择步幅、步频作为自变量建立最优回归方程进行分析。分析我国短跑运动员存在的不足,提出从整体性角度提高步幅的建议,为教练员科学训练提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
国外优秀男子短跑运动员 100m跑速度的动态分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对第7届世界田径锦标赛男子100m决赛运动员的4个阶段——加速跑段、途中加速段、最大速度保持段和最后)中刺段的速度参数进行分析,结果表明:100m跑成绩与步频和步长的调节高度相关;途中加速、最大速度的保持以及速度节奏的平稳对运动员的运动成绩有较大的影响。  相似文献   

7.
李春雷 《体育学刊》2004,11(1):117-120
对近20年世界女子100m跑成绩演变和1997年田径世锦赛女子100m跑成绩数据(100m各段落跑速、步长、步频、步数)进行了分析,结果认为,世界女子100m短跑优秀运动员成绩近20年稳步提高,平均最高速度的产生段落在50~60m之间,即起跑后6~7s,速度下降发生在90~100m,下降幅度达到6.18%;在冲刺阶段,大部分运动员步幅增大至最高水平,步频和步长呈高度负相关,年龄与步长呈高度正相关,最高速度在很大程度上决定着100m跑成绩。  相似文献   

8.
本文通过文献资料法收集国内外优秀男子百米运动员的运动技术参数,并加以统计,从影响跑速的步长、步频因素对我国男子百米跑运动员成绩滞后的因素进行分析。结果表明:我国百米运动员的步长能力不足是影响速度能力和成绩提高的主要原因,应在优化步长、步频关系的基础上,以提高步长能力为突破口,强调运动员整体训练水平的提高,从而提高最大速度能力和运动水平。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of running training, instruction on running technique, and a combination of instruction and running training on the running economy of 10-year-old children. Experimental treatments were randomly assigned to intact groups. Oxygen consumption was determined via the open circuit method during overground running at 161 m · min –1.Vertical displacement was determined utilizing cinematography. Stride rate was determined using 60-sec counts; stride length was calculated from stride rate and the distance covered. Subjects (n =40) required 38.9 ml · min –1 · kg –1 of O 2 to sustain this pace and exhibited 3.71 cm vertical displacement. The mean stride length was 88 cm and the mean stride rate was 183 strides · min –1.No statistically significant alterations in running economy or technique were produced as a result of the various treatment regimens.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

A study of the effect of fatigue on the mechanical characteristics of running during a 10,000 meter race was undertaken using high speed cinematography and a computer analysis technique. Eight highly skilled male subjects were filmed at four intervals throughout the event. An analysis of variance for trends was conducted for each of the dependent variables indicating the adjustments made by the runners that accompanied fatigue over the four stages of the event. Runners countered fatigue by changing sections of their total gait pattern (stride length, stride rate, segmental body positions) and reducing running velocity. Toward the end of the race the runners became less competent in the positioning of the foot and leg at foot-strike, which increased the potential for a retarding effect. A more extended lower limb increased the energy requirements of the recovery phase during the latter stages of the race. Fatigue caused these highly skilled runners to systematically alter their technique throughout the race. These adjustments, however, were not excessive.  相似文献   

11.
通过文献资料、分析对比等方法,对短跑途中跑技术进行分析,发现我国运动员在途中跑“后蹬屈膝式”技术及放松、步幅、节奏等技术方面与国外优秀选手存在一定差距。  相似文献   

12.
The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h?1 and 20 km ·h?1). VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg?1· km?1 at 12 km· h?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg?1· km?1 at 20 km· h?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg?1·km?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg?1· km?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.  相似文献   

13.
    
This study assessed the effect of step width during running on factors related to iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome. Three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and kinetics were recorded from 15 healthy recreational runners during overground running under various step width conditions (preferred and at least ± 5% of their leg length). Strain and strain rate were estimated from a musculoskeletal model of the lower extremity. Greater ITB strain and strain rate were found in the narrower step width condition (p < 0.001, p = 0.040). ITB strain was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the narrow condition than the preferred and wide conditions and it was greater in the preferred condition than the wide condition. ITB strain rate was significantly greater in the narrow condition than the wide condition (p = 0.020). Polynomial contrasts revealed a linear increase in both ITB strain and strain rate with decreasing step width. We conclude that relatively small decreases in step width can substantially increase ITB strain as well as strain rates. Increasing step width during running, especially in persons whose running style is characterized by a narrow step width, may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of running-related ITB syndrome.  相似文献   

14.
    
Abstract

We aimed to demonstrate the changes over time in the lengths and forces of the muscles crossing the hip joint during overground sprinting and investigate the relationships between muscle lengths and muscle–tendon unit forces – particularly peak biceps femoris force. We obtained three-dimensional kinematics during 1 running cycle from 8 healthy sprinters sprinting at maximum speed. Muscle lengths and muscle–tendon unit forces were calculated for the iliacus, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris muscles of the target leg as well as the contralateral iliacus and rectus femoris. Our results showed that during sprinting, the muscles crossing the hip joint demonstrate a stretch-shortening cycle and 1 or 2 peak forces. The timing of peak biceps femoris force, expressed as a percentage of the running cycle (mean [SD], 80.5 [2.9]%), was synchronous with those of the maximum biceps femoris length (82.8 [1.9]%) and peak forces of the gluteus maximus (83.8 [9.1]%), iliacus (81.1 [5.2]%), and contralateral iliacus (78.5 [5.8]%) and also that of the peak pelvic anterior tilt. The force of the biceps femoris appeared to be influenced by the actions of the muscles crossing the hip joint as well as by the pelvic anterior tilt.  相似文献   

15.
通过分析研究中长跑运动员的跑速和步频步幅与摄氧量、肺通气量和心率等心肺功能的关系,以及心肺功能和身体状况探讨长跑运动员跑步中生理特点与运动规律,为改进运动员的长跑运动技术,提高训练效果和运动成绩,科学有效制定训练计划和比赛的战术提供理论依据。  相似文献   

16.
以国际田联规定的竞走定义为依据,采用现场技术动作录像及技术动作高速摄影的方法,对俄罗斯的尼科拉耶娃在1995年世界杯竞走赛的比赛技术进行诊断。技术诊断结果如下:(1)在10km赛程中能够保持稳定的步长,且步长与步频合理;(2)单步技术中腾空时间处于不可见腾空时限,且躯干角合理,身体重心上下起伏较小;(3)单步技术中前脚着地时脚掌与地面的仰角合理,支撑腿至垂直部位的膝角正确。  相似文献   

17.
袁雷  袁吉  袁林 《体育与科学》2004,25(4):59-62
采用文献资料、录像分析、数理统计和逻辑分析的研究方法,对中、外女子100m跑优秀运动员成绩演变及技术特征进行了比较研究,分析了影响我国优秀100m跑运动员成绩落后的原因,并提出了若干改进建议。研究的一些结果可以为我国女子100m跑运动员的科学训练和选材提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
    
Abstract

Sixteen men were studied during 6-min bouts of motorized treadmill running at 230 m · min–1 and 0% and 4% grade to compare [Vdot]O2 while using freely chosen stride lengths (CSL) and stride lengths approximately 8% shorter (SSL) and longer (LSL) than CSL. The study also attempted to determine whether stride length variations of these proportions altered [Vdot]O2 differently at the two grades. CSL were greater (p<.05) at 0% than 4% with mean values of 133.5 and 131.5 cm, respectively. Two-way ANOVA (Stride x Grade) with repeated measures yielded significant F values (p<.05) for the main effects of both stride length and grade but not for interaction between the two factors. Mean [Vdot]O2 values were 44.95 and 56.80 ml · kg1 · min–1 at 0% and 4% grade, respectively. The Tukey w procedure was used for comparing the main effect means across both grades for the three stride lengths. These means were 50.94, 49.88, and 51.80 ml · kg1 · min–1 for SSL, CSL, and LSL, respectively, with the CSL mean significantly less than the SSL and LSL means (p<.05). Stride length variations of approximately ±8% did not alter [Vdot]O2 differently at the two grades, and although [Vdot]O2 for SSL and LSL was not different, [Vdot]O2 was significantly (p<.05) increased by 2.1% for SSL and 3.8% for LSL. Not all individual patterns followed the group norm, however, in that three subjects were more economical with short stride lengths and two were more economical with longer strides.  相似文献   

19.
中长跑途中跑适宜步长的影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
廖钰珊 《体育学刊》2003,10(5):118-120
从影响跑速的基本因素和支撑阶段的运动学参数两个方面对中长跑途中跑适宜步长进行了分析。结果表明:步长指数和步频能力与适宜步长的确定直接相关,而支撑时间与腾空时间的比值、支撑腿离地瞬间膝关节角度、支撑阶段身体重心水平位移距离等运动学参数则是影响适宜步长的主要因素。采用专项耐力指数对运动员的专项能力进行了分级,给出了不同专项能力水平运动员步长指数的适宜范围。  相似文献   

20.
为研究斜坡跑超速训练方法对提高运动员短跑成绩的意义,通过3台数码摄像机同步拍摄,应用视讯运动解析系统对图像进行解析,得到运动学参数,并对数据进行统计学处理,用生物力学方法确定指标来说明哪个坡度对运动员训练效果会更好,即既能增大运动员的跑速,又使动作技术结构不变形。结果表明:3°斜坡是7名受试者进行提高速度的斜坡跑超速训练所应选择的合适坡度。  相似文献   

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