从知识供应链到知识星座

在现有的知识供应链理论的基础之上,介绍知识供应链的概念、模型及主体,分析其在描述企业知识流过程中存在的不足之处,提出知识星座的概念及概念模型,指明知识供应链和知识星座之间的联系和区别,阐述了提出这一概念和模型的意义,并在最后说明有待进一步探讨的相关问题。指出企业管理中,知识传递和利用不是仅仅以链式结构存在,而是一个更为复杂的星座式结构。     

Knowledge bases in medicine: a review

Efforts to represent knowledge effectively have been central to progress in various aspects of medical informatics. These efforts range from relatively simple "electronic textbooks" to fairly sophisticated knowledge-based systems, which function as well as, or even better than, human experts faced with similar problems. Knowledge bases have been developed in many fields, but the relatively limited domains and structured language of medicine, as well as the importance of information in the provision of good medical care, have made research in medical knowledge representation an area of intense activity. This paper reviews representative knowledge bases and knowledge-based systems in medicine: electronic textbooks such as PDQ and the Hepatitis Knowledge Base (HKB), rule-based systems such as MYCIN, causal models (e.g., CASNET), and hypothesis- or frame-based systems, exemplified by PIP and INTERNIST-1. The paper describes the relationships among divergent approaches and provides a sense of current and future trends. It examines problems in knowledge-based systems, particularly in knowledge representation and acquisition, and the responses to these challenges. The latter include the use of domain-independent software shells for constructing knowledge bases, the adaptation and use of previously existing knowledge bases, and multiple uses of the same knowledge base for different purposes.     

服务业供应链IUE-SSC模型及其在信息服务业的应用

目前学术界对供应链管理作了大量的研究,但是对服务业供应链的研究还很少见。本文介绍一种新的服务行业供应链IUE-SSC模型,并应用到信息服务行业。研究的结果有利于服务行业的研究,并且有利于推进信息服务行业的研究。     

Physician information seeking: improving relevance through research

Health sciences libraries have considerable potential as resources for both formal continuing professional education, as well as the informal continuing education that results from the professional's efforts to solve problems in daily practice. While there is a growing interest in making the resources of health sciences libraries more accessible to practitioners on a routine, day-to-day basis, there also needs to be more awareness of how, when, where, and why professionals look for information in the context of practical problems. This paper reviews recent research that identifies the context in which physicians seek information and advice from external sources, the information sources that physicians access, and the factors that influence which particular sources are sought. The results indicate that physicians vary in their information needs, preferences, motivations, and strategies for seeking information. This diversity suggests that health sciences libraries, in their efforts to be more accessible, should consider "market research" to determine the needs, preferences, and use patterns of the library's targeted users. Libraries may also benefit from exploring alternative methods of improving access to their resources.     

The links in the information chain

Thanks to the World Wide Web, users now expect to link easily between disparate information services. It is no longer enough to study raw data in one database, search for relevant published articles in another, and look at the full articles in yet another. Users want to move seamlessly between all these sources, in order to follow lines of research efficiently and accurately. What are the problems in building links using data resources which were not designed for this purpose? This article presents examples drawn from recent work in The Dialog Corporation as well as from the European Union‐funded ADLIB project, and examines the key issues of scalability and the interaction between different types of publishers.     

State Data Centers: improving access to census information

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census created the State Data Center program in 1978 to improve public access to census information. This article discusses the background, structure, and services of that program; the role of libraries in the program; and future directions in State Data Center/library relationships. The appendix lists contact person names, as well as addresses and telephone numbers for State Data Center lead agencies."     

E‐books and the academic market: the emerging supply chain

The supply chain that is now emerging in the electronic book market bears a striking resemblance to established supply chains in the paper book market. In this article, the author describes this emerging supply chain and what both publishers and booksellers need to do to secure their place within it.     

Upstream supply chain management in e-government: The case of Slovenia

The paper highlights the importance of the holistic treatment of e-government. The main challenges and benefits of renovating both upstream and downstream e-government supply chains are reviewed. A new definition of e-government that includes the whole supply chain of the public administration is proposed. Several limitations of current approaches and rankings, that often neglect upstream SC and their detrimental consequences, are highlighted. The case study of the somewhat unsuccessful informatization of Slovenian public procurement illustrates the main problems posed by ignorance of supply chain management principles. It shows that the main challenges are not on the technological side but are instead connected with business process renovation, project management, unclear goals and responsibilities and difficult coordination among various ministerial and governmental bodies.     

Supporting creativity in the supply chain: The role of creative teams in the authoring process

The publishing industry has changed out of all recognition in the last quarter of the twentieth century, but the book has not disappeared as many predicted it would. Technology created an environment in which self-publishing looks easy. The role of the publisher in bringing authors to market is undiminished. Publishers should see their part more in terms of the conductor of the orchestra rather than the ring master at the circus as the creative process becomes increasingly collaborative. Richard Balkwill is the founder of Copy Train, an independent consultancy specializing in writing, training and copyright issues for publishers. Address for correspondence     

应当提高科技期刊信息的有效性

阐述科技期刊信息有效性的基本特征，介绍提高科技期刊信息有效性的一般方法。认为提高信息有效性的关键是强化信息意识，注重信息思维，提高信息处理能力等。     

知识供应链中的知识管理策略研究

知识供应链概念的提出表明了人们对知识的重视，而要充分发挥知识供应链的作用，知识管理战略的应用不可忽视。文章提出了知识管理与知识供应链的契合之处，对知识管理在知识供应链中的应用做了详细的阐述。     

知识管理与图书馆信息服务

知识管理是信息资源管理的高级阶段.文章围绕知识管理的内涵和本质特征,阐述了知识管理的主要内容,介绍了知识管理在图书馆信息服务中的几种模式.     

论基于知识的情报理论研究

文章从情报理论的知识化发展趋势,基于知识的情报理论发展特点、情报理论要素等三个方面进行了分析与论述;阐明情报理论以情报为研究对象,是基于知识之上的理论,是一种以知识为对象,以知识为中心的理论。     

政府信息资源供给的市场机制研究

借助市场力量进行政府信息资源的开发与供给已经成为满足公众多元政府信息需求的重要途径。本文分析了政府信息资源供给中市场机制的介入理由、供给优势、意涵和具体作用形式。     

Trips协议与我国信息立法完善策略

我国加入WTO需履行Trips协议规定的权利和义务。然而 ,由于我国的信息立法 ,特别是知识产权立法领域同Trips协议的规定尚有一定的差距 ,因而有必要尽早研究和修订我国相关的立法 ,为我国在加入WTO之后更好的享有权力和承担义务 ,减少由此带来的摩擦和冲突 ,创造良好的立法环境     

文献知识:主观知识的一种静态知识

知识包括物质世界存在的知识即客观知识和人类在物质世界的实践中领悟的知识即主观知识.知识载体有人脑及相应的文献、实物等.主观知识即人类知识,是在实践基础上形成的认识活动的成果,是社会意识活动的结晶.文献知识是主观知识的一种静态知识.     

知识管理与图书情报学的创新

20世纪90年代以来，人类社会迈向知识经济时代的步伐明显加快，伴随而生的知识管理热潮方兴未艾，引起了世界各国学术界、企业界和政府管理部门的普遍关注。从研究内容来看，最近几年来知识管理研究已开始拓展到图书情报领域，出现了许多新的动向和趋势。……     

知识、知识管理与网络信息知识服务

知识元是人的知识结构中的基本元素 ,它由信息元、经验、智慧和问题的解决四个方面共同复合而成。知识库应包括数据知识库、程序知识库和系统知识库三种类型。根据网络信息用户需求特点 ,知识服务应采取分级服务模式 ,遵循知识整合、信息析因和知识逼近原则。