Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

This article examines the problem of specification error in 2 models for categorical latent variables; the latent class model and the latent Markov model. Specification error in the latent class model focuses on the impact of incorrectly specifying the number of latent classes of the categorical latent variable on measures of model adequacy as well as sample reallocation to latent classes. The results show that the clarity of remaining latent classes, as measured by the entropy statistic depends on the number of observations in the omitted latent class—but this statistic is not reliable. Specification error in the latent Markov model focuses on the transition probabilities when a longitudinal Guttman process is incorrectly specified. The findings show that specifying a longitudinal Guttman process that is not true in the population impacts other transition probabilities through the covariance matrix of the logit parameters used to calculate those probabilities.     

大学生学习动机现状调查

以滨州学院的489名大学生为研究对象,以大学生学习动机问卷为调查工具,分析大学生的学习动机总体水平及不同群体大学生学习动机水平的差异。结果表明,大学生学习动机处于中等水平;大学生的学习动机存在一定的性别差异、年级差异和专业差异。     

研究生学术道德评价量表的编制及应用

结合研究生学术道德的内涵和所包含的具体内容,采用开放式问卷和专家评价相结合的方法获得问卷题目,编制了包含正确的学术道德认知、健康的学术道德情感、坚强的学术道德意志、端正的学术道德行为四个维度的量表。通过对185个样本进行因素分析,发现本量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以初步作为研究生学术道德评价的工具。     

A Systematic Evaluation and Comparison Between Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

In this study, we contrast two competing approaches, not previously compared, that balance the rigor of CFA/SEM with the flexibility to fit realistically complex data. Exploratory SEM (ESEM) is claimed to provide an optimal compromise between EFA and CFA/SEM. Alternatively, a family of three Bayesian SEMs (BSEMs) replace fixed-zero estimates with informative, small-variance priors for different subsets of parameters: cross-loadings (CL), residual covariances (RC), or CLs and RCs (CLRC). In Study 1, using three simulation studies, results showed that (1) BSEM-CL performed more closely to ESEM; (2) BSEM-CLRC did not provide more accurate model estimation compared with BSEM-CL; (3) BSEM-RC provided unstable estimation; and (4) different specifications of targeted values in ESEM and informative priors in BSEM have significant impacts on model estimation. The real data analysis (Study 2) showed that the differences in estimation between different models were largely consistent with those in Study1 but somewhat smaller.     

浅谈激发大学生学习动机的若干策略

大学生学习动力不足是高校普遍存在的一个现象。文章系统阐述了激发大学生学习动机的四个连贯的策略。了解与使用这些策略有利于教师创造一个适应大学生心理需要的学习环境,激发学生成为自己的老师与培养独立学习的能力,进而产生令人满意的学习效果。     

中国学术话语的“主权让渡”现象及其成因

改革开放以来,中国学术产品如雨后春笋般涌现,学术的繁荣是不争的事实。但学术繁荣的背后也潜藏着一些危机,那就是学术话语的"主权让渡"现象,其集中表现为中国学术话语中的"西方主义"和中国当代学术话语体系的"失语"现象。究其成因,除了流于表面的中国学术界的盲目崇洋心理,更有隐匿于背后的深层的文化、制度、科技和社会等原因,其反映的是中国学界学术自觉意识的缺失。     

高职学生学习动力量表的初步编制

编制了高职学生学习动力量表。对编制的量表项目进行调查,并对调查数据进行主成分极大方差旋转法因子分析,提取影响高职学生学习动力的7个因子,包括积极精神因子、积极状态因子、生存动机因子、学校管理因子、学习能力因子、情感因子和消极因子。该量表的同质性信度α系数为0.8310,具有较好的内部一致性信度;各项效度指标均表明该量表具有较理想的内容效度、效标关联效度和结构效度,达到了心理测量学要求的水平。     

Digital ITEMS Module 2: Scale Reliability in Structural Equation Modeling

In this ITEMS module, we frame the topic of scale reliability within a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) context and address some of the limitations of Cronbach's α. This modeling approach has two major advantages: (1) it allows researchers to make explicit the relation between their items and the latent variables representing the constructs those items intend to measure, and (2) it facilitates a more principled and formal practice of scale reliability evaluation. Specifically, we begin the module by discussing key conceptual and statistical foundations of the classical test theory model and then framing it within an SEM context; we do so first with a single item and then expand this approach to a multi‐item scale. This allows us to set the stage for presenting different measurement structures that might underlie a scale and, more importantly, for assessing and comparing those structures formally within the SEM context. We then make explicit the connection between measurement model parameters and different measures of reliability, emphasizing the challenges and benefits of key measures while ultimately endorsing the flexible McDonald's ω over Cronbach's α. We then demonstrate how to estimate key measures in both a commercial software program (Mplus) and three packages within an open‐source environment (R). In closing, we make recommendations for practitioners about best practices in reliability estimation based on the ideas presented in the module.     

中学生成就目标定向与班级动机氛围、学习成绩的关系

本研究采取问卷法，选取湖北武汉市348名初一和高二学生为被试。考察了中学生成就目标定向与班级动机氛围、学业成绩之间的关系。结果表明：（1）掌握动机氛围与掌握目标和成绩接近目标相关联。成绩动机氛围与成绩接近和成绩回避目标相关联；（2）掌握目标和成绩接近目标有助于学业成绩。成绩回避目标不利于取得良好成绩；（3）班级动机氛围和个体目标定向上存在显著的年级和性别差异；（4）职业高中与普通高中在成绩动机氛围和成绩回避目标上存在显著差异。     

自我决定理论——动机理论的新进展

作为一种新的认知动机理论,兴起于上世纪80年代的自我决定理论获得了人们的广泛关注,显示出强劲的生命力.自我决定理论强调人类行为的自我决定程度,认为社会环境可以通过支持自主、能力、归属三种基本心理需要的满足来增强人类的内部动机、促进外部动机的内化、促使人类健康成长.本文主要对自我决定理论的四个分支理论进行阐述,并对其进行简要评价.     

高等学校学风建设中强化学生学习动机的探讨

高校学风建设是一项具有战略意义的人才工程,它直接影响高校所培养人才的质量。塑造优良的学风是高校教育管理工作的重要内容。而广大学生又是学风的主体,因此是否能培养学生树立良好的学习动机．是激发学生自主性、积极性和创造性学习的关键。通过研究影响大学生学习动机的社会、学校、个体和家庭等方面的因素,在高校学风建设过程中,不断强亿学生良好学习动机。     

Academic Motivation and Psychological Needs as Predictors of Suicidal Risk

This study examined academic motivation and basic psychological needs as predictors of suicidal risk (namely, depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 348 college students. Results from regression analyses indicated that academic motivation was a significant predictor of suicidal risk. The inclusion of basic psychological needs significantly augmented the prediction model. The authors discuss implications for considering academic motivation and basic psychological needs in college counseling on the basis of the results.     

Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling,Integrating CFA and EFA: Application to Students' Evaluations of University Teaching

This study is a methodological-substantive synergy, demonstrating the power and flexibility of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) methods that integrate confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA), as applied to substantively important questions based on multidimentional students' evaluations of university teaching (SETs). For these data, there is a well established ESEM structure but typical CFA models do not fit the data and substantially inflate correlations among the nine SET factors (median rs = .34 for ESEM, .72 for CFA) in a way that undermines discriminant validity and usefulness as diagnostic feedback. A 13-model taxonomy of ESEM measurement invariance is proposed, showing complete invariance (factor loadings, factor correlations, item uniquenesses, item intercepts, latent means) over multiple groups based on the SETs collected in the first and second halves of a 13-year period. Fully latent ESEM growth models that unconfounded measurement error from communality showed almost no linear or quadratic effects over this 13-year period. Latent multiple indicators multiple causes models showed that relations with background variables (workload/difficulty, class size, prior subject interest, expected grades) were small in size and varied systematically for different ESEM SET factors, supporting their discriminant validity and a construct validity interpretation of the relations. A new approach to higher order ESEM was demonstrated, but was not fully appropriate for these data. Based on ESEM methodology, substantively important questions were addressed that could not be appropriately addressed with a traditional CFA approach.     

The Role of Structural Equation Modeling in Scale Development

Across a variety of disciplines and areas of inquiry, reliable and valid measures are a cornerstone of quality research. This is the case because to have confidence in the findings of our studies, we must first have confidence in the quality of our measures. This article briefly reviews the literature on scale development and provides an empirical demonstration of the scale development process. The example considered is the development and validation of a condom influence strategy questionnaire-short form (CISQ-S), a scale to measure ways individuals persuade their partners to use condoms. A special focus is put on the unique contribution that structural equation modeling techniques, particularly confirmatory factor analysis, bring to scale development. Latent variable modeling and its applications to scale development are also considered. Suggestions and implications for scale developers are discussed.     

英语学习动机与自我认同变化——-对五所高校跟踪研究的结构方程模型分析

本文是大学生英语学习动机与自我认同跟踪项目的一部分, 考察动机类型与自我认同变化的关系。研究材料是同一问卷在四年中五次施测获得的定量数据, 对象为北京五所高校1300 余名学生。结构方程模型检验发现, 英语学习动机类型与自我认同变化相互影响, 前者对后者的影响更大。随着时间的推移, 动机对自我认同的影响具有下降趋势, 而认同对动机的影响先降后升。此外, 学习成绩动机与情境动机、出国动机与削减性认同变化始终显著相关。     

远程学习者学习动机测量工具的编制与应用

本研究在文献调研的基础上,设计了远程学习者的学习动机问卷,并对250名远程学习者进行问卷调查。问卷包括认知内驱力、自我提高内驱力、附属内驱力三个维度,具有良好的内部一致性信度和结构效度。调查结果发现,远程学习者的学习动机主要倾向于认知内驱力(49．3％)和自我提高的内驱力(34．7％),表明参与远程学习的学生不仅是受到一种学习动机,而且有可能是受到两种或两种以上的学习动机、既有内部动机也有外部动机影响这一初步研究结果。研究结果可为改进远程教学提供参考的依据。     

学习动机、外语学习策略与学习成绩之间的关系研究

通过对455 名本科大学生的学习动机状况和外语学习策略使用情况的测查,将教育心理研究中的动机构成因素和外语教学研究中具体运用的外语学习策略结合,探讨了学习动机、外语学习策略与学习成绩之间的关系。     

应用动机理论提升SPOC学习效果的原理与策略

本文通过调研496名高职院校学生,指出现阶段SPOC教学中缺乏理论指引,存在教学组织单一、随意的情况。为解决以上问题,本文创新性地引入了心理学中的动机理论—自我决定理论(SDT),提出SPOC教学需要满足学生自主、能力、归属三大需求,才能激发内在学习动机,从而提升学习效果。本文对于如何提升SPOC学习效果给出了相关的建议。     

数学自我监控及学习动机对数学成绩影响机理的研究

初中生数学自我监控能力与数学学习动机有着非常显著的密切关系,它们对数学学习成绩都产生重要的影响,但是两者对数学学习成绩的影响不存在显著的交互作用.数学自我监控对数学成绩的影响并不是以学习动机为中介起作用的,而是各自独立地对数学成绩产生影响.就它们对数学成绩的影响程度而言,数学学习动机比数学自我监控的影响要大.优生与差生在数学学习动机和数学自我监控能力上存在非常显著的差异.