数字信息技术对数字图书馆著作权例外主体资格的影响研究

以《美国著作权法(2007)》第108条款研究组在其研究中就完全虚拟的图书馆能否成为可适用于图书馆的著作权例外的适用主体的有关讨论为基础,剖析数字图书馆成为图书馆可适用的著作权例外主体的正反论据,并分析图书馆及作为图书馆在网络环境下角色延伸的数字图书馆在复制权、信息网络传播权和技术措施规避方面等享有著作权例外的意义。     

London Re‐cut: Reclaiming History through the Co‐curated Remixing of Film

Abstract Film archives offer unique opportunities for co‐curation between collections‐based institutions and members of the public. By making available source materials and the tools to manipulate them, institutions can work with the public to develop new interpretations of their collections as well as to tap into the remixing and sharing cultures of social and digital media. Digital co‐curation projects can develop relationships with audiences that many institutions find difficult to engage, developing alternative narratives and reclaimed histories. This paper describes the evolution of an approach to co‐curation and the tools and strategies needed to engage users. It focuses on London Re‐Cut, a project to remix London’s film history, drawing on material from 11 film archives across the city. Projects such as London Recut suggest that audiences have both the enthusiasm and the skills to open up this radical “remix” approach to interpretation.     

复制权例外对图书馆数字资源长期保存的影响剖析

选取英国、美国和澳大利亚当前的数字资源长期保存活动为分析案例,研究这三个国家可适用于图书馆的著作权例外在图书馆数字资源长期保存方面的应用,剖析其存在的不协调性。指出数字资源的长期保存由于以下原因更需要图书馆享有合理的复制权例外：数字资源的保存需要多份复制件;数字资源长期保存中出现的软硬件老化;难以预见的老化;数字资源的生命周期与虚拟传播;数字资源保存需要建立一种动态的管理机制;数字资源长期保存需要采取联盟的方式实施。     

电子档案法律证据价值的维护研究

随着法院对于电子证据的认可,电子档案作为证据的使用量有所增加。面对电子档案数量急剧增长的情况,如何确保有价值的信息能够被固定并妥善保存,以维护电子档案的法律证据价值成为关键问题。文章在阐释电子档案的概念、特征和探究国内外电子档案法律证据价值维护现状的基础上,从法律规定、技术手段、法律机构、档案机构四个方面提出电子档案法律证据价值维护的建议。     

基于CNKI的数字档案馆研究可视化分析

为系统分析我国数字档案馆研究成果,促进数字档案馆的研究和建设,运用文献计量和可视化分析方法,对CNKI收录的1999~2014年数字档案馆研究的期刊文献,从数量、作者、机构、主题等方面进行统计,并结合知识图谱进行可视化分析,总结国内数字档案馆研究的文献分布、高产作者和机构,揭示数字档案馆研究的热点和发展趋势.     

Digital archives and metadata as critical infrastructure to keep community memory safe for the future – lessons from Japanese activities

This paper discusses some key issues for digital archives and metadata in a networked information environment to keep our community memory for the future. The paper is based primarily on the experiences and lessons learnt by the author from his research activities on metadata and digital archives. The author participated in a study group on digital archives hosted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of the Japanese Government from February 2011 to March 2012. The group discussed the promotion of digital archives in Japan, particularly at memory institutions. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 caused serious damage in the north-eastern part of Japan, especially the Pacific coastal regions. This disaster significantly affected the discussions of the group. The basic lesson that the author learned is that digital archives built on a robust information environment are essential for keeping our community memory safe for the future. Not only do the primary digital resources need to be properly maintained and preserved for the future but also secondary resources, metadata and meta-metadata. We need to use Linked Open Data technologies to enhance the usability of such digital resources in the archives.     

Educational programs as an interactive tool for public engagement by public archives repositories in South Africa

The purpose of this article was to investigate whether public archives in South Africa’s educational programs serve as an interactive tool for public engagement. The study adopted a quantitative research approach involving all 10 public archival institutions in South Africa. Data was collected using survey questionnaires, analysis of the legislation on archives, and the national Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) and relevant provincial departments’ annual reports from the 2012–13 to 2014–15 financial years according to the relevant themes of the study. In South Africa, public archival institutions fall under and report to the DAC. The purpose of data triangulation was to collect as much, and as diverse, data as possible to help generate the best possible insight. The study revealed that the public archives’ educational activities were not effectively designed and implemented to bring potential users to archives. The study recommends that public archives engage with educators and curriculum developers to support the South African Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). This will enable archivists and public archival institutions to identify and incorporate developmental and topically relevant archival material into CAPS for use by educators and learners in a classroom environment.     

图书情报与档案管理学科未来五年重点研究领域与选题——《高校哲学社会科学管理学部图书情报与档案管理学科战略规划研究报告》解读

《高校哲学社会科学管理学部图书情报与档案管理学科战略规划研究报告》的核心内容是五大重点研究领域和26个研究选题。选题的特点是信息资源概念的进一步确认、实践需求性、问题导向性、学科的综合交叉性、视野的宏观战略性和图情档学核心知识的扩展性。根据国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划,图书情报与档案管理学科的研究领域面向经济社会发展需要,可适度拓展学科发展空间。     

上海城市数字化转型背景下档案事业发展研究

当前我国正在加快数字化发展,上海提出全面推进城市数字化转型并出台了指导性文件。上海城市数字化转型是大战略,是档案事业发展的大机遇。档案事业应从融入、贯通、创发、引领四个方面推进数字化转型。融入包括融通数字底座、融达公共服务、融归新型数据。贯通包括馆室贯通、馆际贯通、档社贯通。创发包括流程再造、功能重塑、服务重构。引领包括数据资源引领、政策制度引领、技术应用引领。档案事业应该实现数字化转型并助力城市数字化转型,同时,借力城市数字化转型开创新局面。     

档案机构的数字转型研究——基于NARA《战略计划2018-2022》的内容分析

本文以文本分析的方法对美国档案与文件署的《战略计划2018-2022》进行梳理与总结,从其政策内容中识别档案机构数字转型的要点.基于分析,本文提出我国档案机构的数字转型可从如下方面予以深入:基于信息深化档案资源建设、优化信息与通讯技术的应用、依托公众参与优化主体协同机制、将创新与学习理念融合于档案机构整体建设中.     

浅谈数字档案资源长期保存策略

随着网络的迅猛发展,信息的数字化和服务的网络化使得数字信息可以长期保存。同时由于数字档案信息有其自身动态性、技术更新快、开放性以及对载体的依赖性等特点,从而使得数字档案信息保存利用遇到了挑战。本文通过对数字档案信息保存的介绍,分析当前数字档案信息长期保存所存在的主要问题,从而核查出种种弊端,据此进行修改完善,为档案部门的数字档案长期保存工作提供建议和意见,提出合适的保存策略。     

A Moral and Legal Obligation

The Commission on Preservation and Access and the Research Libraries Group (both US organizations) created a task force to study the requirements for preserving digital information. The report, published in May 1996, recommends a certification process for digital archives and calls for a legal authority to rescue digital files in danger of being lost. The paper reviews the reactions of the library, archival, and educational communities and describes the current actions being taken.     

Contexts,Original Orders,and Item-Level Orientation: Responding Creatively to Users' Needs and Technological Change

This article questions traditional assumptions that archival aggregations must always be rigidly defined. Technology allows archival institutions to respond to users' diverse requirements by empowering them to create multiple groupings and variable orders. To take advantage of these capabilities as archives become increasingly digital, a shift toward item-level orientation will be crucial. Users will still need information about context, but the digital future will almost certainly necessitate abandoning current methods in favor of documenting contextual relationships at item level. Respect for “fonds” and original order will retain some value but will no longer be the primary means of capturing context.     

A Moral and Legal Obligation: Preservation in the Digital Age

The Commission on Preservation and Access and the Research Libraries Group (both US organizations) created a task force to study the requirements for preserving digital information. The report, published in May 1996, recommends a certification process for digital archives and calls for a legal authority to rescue digital files in danger of being lost. The paper reviews the reactions of the library, archival, and educational communities and describes the current actions being taken.     

Content and use of colonial archives: an under-researched issue

Namibians often find themselves in situations of litigation where they need person-related records to defend their rights and privileges. Such person-related records include birth, adoption, marriage, or divorce or deceased estates. It has been observed that the institution where such records should be expected, the National Archives of Namibia often cannot retrieve person-related records of persons previously classified as non-whites under colonial and apartheid laws. Many native Namibians end up losing property or have problems claiming their constitutional rights due to lack of evidence. The purpose of this paper was to explore whether the existing archival literature can guide National Archives of new and emerging African nations on how to handle challenges brought about by gaps in inherited colonial archives. Using a literature survey to explore the state of what is written on the content and usage of colonial archives in post-colonial era, this article argues that the content and use of colonial archives in Africa do not feature prominently in the literature of archival science. Although there has been a rising interest on the subject during the last decade, none of this emerging literature has systematically studied archives in depth with a view on what these archives contain for the non-academic user, what they neglect and what they lack altogether in serving the needs of all citizens in post-colonial states. It recommends that archival scholars as well as archival institutions increase research into this neglected area. Raising awareness may produce academic discourse to help archivists in newly decolonised countries to competently support users whose inquiries currently cannot be answered by the inherited colonial archives collections.     

社交媒体在国家数字档案资源整合与服务中的应用 ——基于美国档案与文件署的案例研究

文章旨在在国家倡导档案机构数字转型的战略背景下,探寻我国档案机构系统应用社交媒体的顶层设计及实现路径的启示。文章用案例分析法,全面深入调查NARA的社交媒体应用制度体系和应用实践,解析其经验,并立足档案学与传播学理论及方法,提出社交媒体在国家数字资源整合与服务中的优化策略:多层次构建完备制度;匹配需求强化平台应用效率;基于主体协同机制深化资源建设;强化社交媒体运行机制过程建设;基于社交媒体创新国家数字档案资源整合与服务理念。     

面向数字人文的声像档案信息资源组织利用的研究

以数字人文为目标,开展声像档案资源开发利用,需要了解数字人为的含义及其满足这一目标的基础设施建设等内容。本文探讨了声像档案在现有管理方式下信息利用的主要阻碍与壁垒,面向数字人文,除了满足声像档案藏与用等基本功能,还需要满足人文领域研究。在分析声像档案用户需求和特征的基础上,提出面向数字人文的声像档案资源组织方法,构建从数字采集到精准服务利用的模型,透过数字人文的蓬勃发展,拓宽数字声像档案在人文学科的大量应用。     

Trust and professional identity: narratives, counter-narratives and lingering ambiguities

In the field of archives, professional identity is constructed around the twin notions of archivists as trusted custodians and archival institutions as trusted repositories. This essay examines the historical links between professional identity and trust and the ways in which those links are being attenuated and reconfigured in the digital world. It argues that new information and communication technologies and shifting currents of thinking inside and outside the field of archives are challenging and transforming the archival understanding of the relationship between trust and professional identity.     

数据科学驱动的档案学专业课程体系改革

数字时代人才需求的转变,使档案学教育在数据科学驱动下面临适应时代变革的转型发展,探索数据科学背景下如何优化档案学学科的教学理念、学科关系、教学内容和教学方法,从而增强档案学专业学生在数字时代的竞争力,能够更好地满足档案学科在数字时代的建设与发展需要。本研究首先分析数字时代档案学专业本科生教育的现状和局限性,其次,提出数据科学驱动的档案学专业课程体系的内容,即以培养数字时代高素质人才为目标、学科融合发展的同时凸显专业特色、跨学科培养同时注重实践性、实现多样化的教学方法。最后构建数据科学驱动的档案学专业课程体系框架,从基础性的理论课程、融合性的应用课程及开放性的实践课程三方面加强教学改革。档案学专业课程体系的改革应当明确学科教育的定位和核心,在坚守档案学学科特色的基础上实现创新变革。     

Let's Get Cozy: Evolving Collaborations in the 21st Century

ABSTRACT

As new digital technologies make the storage of redundant print copies less important, as strained budgets can support fewer subject specialists, and as demands for new services such as data stewardship rise, it is clearer now than ever that libraries’ traditional consortia and their places and roles within academic institutions must be rethought and changed expeditiously if academic libraries are to be vitally important. This article, a companion piece to Joan Giescke's article in this issue, explores this concept and offers some possible models for collaboration.