(3) The development of librarianship in Czechoslovakia

IDRC has telecentre evaluation initiatives in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Each of these is in the process of establishing evaluation frameworks and each is adopting very different approaches. The current paper seeks to build on the outputs of IDRC's Far Hills Workshop on Telecentre Evaluation (September 1999) to explore the experiences in two of the three regions. These explorations will in turn contribute to IDRC's current initiative to develop a framework for ICTs evaluation.

The Far Hills Workshop, and the resulting report entitled Telecentre Evaluation: A Global Perspective, had as objectives to explore challenges and opportunities for telecentre evaluation; understand and compare emerging evaluation frameworks and methodologies; assess needs and resources available; identify salient issues affecting telecentre performance; and provide an opportunity to exchange experiences and lessons across regions.     

互联网的地区差异对电子商务发展的影响

我国互联网已经过30多年的发展,但仍存在地区间发展差异较大等问题。根据我国2011—2015年的相关数 据,建立互联网发展的评价指标体系,对我国31个省市自治区的互联网发展现状进行评价并进行聚类分析,发现我国 各个地区的互联网发展不均衡,存在明显的互联网地区差异。在此基础上,进一步分析各个地区电子商务交易额与互 联网基础资源、互联网普及程度等互联网发展各项指标间的关系。研究发现我国互联网资源对互联网普及度有显著影 响,同时互联网资源、互联网普及程度对电子商务发展也有一定影响。     

Instructional/Educational Media

Public Telecommunications Review (bi-monthly at $12.50 per year in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, $17.00 Elsewhere) and Volume I:1 appeared in August 1973

S. Young Lee and Ronald J. Pedone's Summary Statistics of Public Television Licensees Fiscal Year 1972 (Washington: Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 1973—no price listed, paperback)

Frederick Williams, Geraldine Van Wart and Monty Stanford's Carrascolendas: National Evaluation of a Spanish/English Educational Television Series (Austin, Texas: School of Communication, Center for Communication Research of the University of Texas, June 1973—$6.00, paper)

Children's Television Workshop offers its 1973 Annual Report (1 Lincoln Plaza, N.Y. 10023) which discusses developments in Sesame Street, Electric Company     

数字出版时代学术论文的互动评价探索

针对目前学术论文评价体系中仅有专家评价以及使用计量学指标进行评价、缺少读者意见的现状,提出在现有评价体系的基础上增加读者评价的互动评价机制。学术论文的互动评价可以明确读者的主体地位,增强作者的存在感,改变学术信息单向传播的现状,打破论文评价中少数人的垄断地位,体现出对信息传播规律的尊重。数字出版建立在高度互动的互联网媒体平台上,使互动评价的实施变得简单、容易。在现有评价体系的基础上,建立科学的具有读者反馈功能的互动评价机制,可以促进学术交流,丰富并完善现有的学术论文评价体系。     

The Anticipated Utility of Zoos for Developing Moral Concern in Children

Abstract This study asked why parents value zoo experiences for themselves and their children. It proposes a new theory regarding the psychological value of such experiences for the development of identity. The study used a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore parenting perspectives on the value of zoo visits undertaken by eight families from three adjacent inner‐city neighborhoods in a major American city. The results suggest that parents use zoo visits as tools for promoting family values. These parents felt that experiences with live animals were necessary to encourage holistic empathy, to extend children's sense of justice to include natural systems, and to model the importance of family relationships. The author concludes that parents find zoos useful as a tool for helping their children to develop skills with altruism, to transfer environmental values, to elevate children's self‐esteem, and to inculcate social norms that they believe will aid in their children's social success in the future.     

青少年科普期刊办刊新思路

为加快科普期刊健康平稳发展、提高全民科技素质,立足于科普和教育的根本目的,根据青少年的特性,结合《第二课堂》杂志的《智慧作坊》《科技在线》等优秀栏目的成功经验,提出青少年科普期刊的办刊新思路:引导青少年在享受中获取知识、进行科学探索、深入思考、大胆想象、勤于实践、为社会服务。强调思索与动手并重。必须有满足青少年需求的新颖、准确、简单、实用的科普内容,还必须有引人入胜的表达形式和别出心裁的娱乐性。     

Empirical study of L-Sequence: The basic h-index sequence for cumulative publications with consideration of the yearly citation performance

Most current h-type indicators use only a single number to measure a scientist's productivity and impact of his/her published works. Although a single number is simple to calculate, it fails to outline his/her academic performance varying with time. We empirically study the basic h-index sequence for cumulative publications with consideration of the yearly citation performance (for convenience, referred as L-Sequence). L-Sequence consists of a series of L factors. Based on the citations received in the corresponding individual year, every factor along a scientist's career span is calculated by using the h index formula. Thus L-Sequence shows the scientist's dynamic research trajectory and provides insight into his/her scientific performance at different periods. Furthermore, L_∝, summing up all factors of L-Sequence, is for the evaluation of the whole research career as alternative to other h-index variants. Importantly, the partial factors of the L-Sequence can be adapted for different evaluation tasks. Moreover, L-Sequence could be used to highlight outstanding scientists in a specific period whose research interests can be used to study the history and trends of a specific discipline.     

International trends in health science librarianship part 11: Japan and Korea

This is the 11th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship. The previous article in this series looked at the Far East (Greater China, Hong Kong and Taiwan). The current issue surveys developments in Japan and Korea. The next issue will explore trends in South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). Next year all four issues will be devoted to trends in four regions in Africa (Southern Africa, East Africa, West Africa and North Africa. JM     

Vocational Anticipatory Socialization of Adolescents: Messages,Sources, and Frameworks That Influence Interest in STEM Careers

By high school, many students have dropped out of the pipeline that will lead to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations. We examine the role of vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS)—the types of messages adolescents receive, message sources, and adolescents' frameworks—on youth's educational and vocational interests. Adolescents (37 focus groups, N = 229) reported that they received two types of VAS messages: personal fulfillment (advising students to prioritize their well-being) and career detail (advising students about specific aspects of an occupation). Adolescents used three career frameworks (enjoyment, ability, and goal) that filtered and often magnified VAS messages and experiences. We extend VAS research by identifying two primary purposes of the career advice embedded in VAS messages and three career frameworks. Practical implication are that parents can affect adolescents' beliefs about their abilities and potential enjoyment of STEM careers by supplementing personal fulfillment messages with career detail messages. Individuals in STEM occupations are in the best position to encourage adolescents by offering career detail, discussing how their career can be rewarding and how math and science classes can influence their career attainment.     

Foreign Systems of Communication

Gunnel Rikardsson's The Middle East Conflict in the Swedish Press: A Content Analysis of Three Daily Newspapers 1948-1973 (Stockholm: Esselte Studium, 1978—price not given, paper)

Ron Sanders' Broadcasting in Guyana (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978-13.95 or$9.50, paper)

Charlotte Brunsdon and David Morley's Everyday Television: 'Nationwide' (94 pp.)

Revue Francaise de Communication (CEEPP 38, rue de Bassano, 75008 Paris, France—various rates from different regions: about $38.00 to the USA/quarterly)

A Comparison of Commercial Television in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, Japan and Australia (Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, 153 Walker St., North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia—apparently free on request, paper with spiral binding)

Dean T. Jamison and Emile G. McAnany's Radio for Education and Development (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1978—$15.95/7.95)     

Connecting Social Technologies with Information Literacy

ABSTRACT

Social technologies such as Weblogs, wikis, and social bookmarking are emerging both as information resources and as tools for research. This paper reflects on these technologies and suggests they may be well placed to build fluency in the higher-order thinking skills outlined in various information literacy frameworks, particularly in an educational context. A high proportion of today's learners are very comfortable with technology and Web 2.0 resources. The characteristics of the information they are accessing are also changing, bringing a stronger need for sophisticated evaluation and analysis skills. Where do social technologies fit within information literacy frameworks, and where can they be used in the day-to-day instruction of information skills? This paper suggests social technologies perform a dual role: they are not only useful sources of information but also resources to be used to develop ideas and research, using collaboration and community platforms that learners today are familiar with. Librarians who provide information literacy instruction would benefit from an awareness of these tools and where they sit within today's information environment.     

Media Memories: The First Cable/VCR Generation Recalls Their Childhood and Adolescent Media Viewing

Seventy undergraduates from 2 U.S. regions, the first generation raised in a media environment expanded by cable and VCRs, recalled childhood and adolescent media viewing in autobiographical essays. These recollections, considered from a symbolic interactionist perspective, reflect the media's contribution to individuals' self-development. Respondents recalled the socializing influences of mediated content that provided characters for imitative preschool play, role models, and topics for adolescent peer interaction. These recollections of childhood and adolescent experiences expressed as autobiography provide clear evidence of the media's long-term influence on development of the self.     

Assessing web services of emerging economies in an Eastern country — Taiwan's e-government

Accessibility of much country-level information and many web services, originating from governments are a global standard. The governments of emerging economies in the eastern countries especially need to adopt, without undue delay, the advanced technologies for providing better web services to their citizens. However, consideration and evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of governments' web services is currently lacking in previous literature. Thus, this study first adopts a computational approach suggested in the literature to measure the effectiveness of Taiwan's established, city- and county-level (25 cities and counties, and 1411 governmental units) governments' websites. Then, by considering the IT-related input and output resources as suggested by the experts of e-government during several in-depth interviews, data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluates the efficiency of Taiwan's governmental web services. This study reveals that the well-developed web services provided by Taiwan's government are apparent in two geographically dispersed cities (north and south) and one county in the northern region of Taiwan. In addition, six cities and counties appear to be ineffective and inefficient in providing web services to Taiwan's citizens due to their geographical remoteness from the capital and small regional populations. An additional finding confirms the significant effect of population size on Taiwanese services for e-government in each city and county. Finally, this study suggests applying more attention to website designs for different levels or regions of governments and building alternative communication channels for citizens with different backgrounds. Consequently, providing citizens' most-requested services becomes easier, and the resources' distribution becomes effective and efficient for those in different geographical locations. This study's findings represent a reference for providing better electronic publically accessible services, and a benchmark for scholars conducting further research in this area.     

Educational Media

Dean Jamison, et al. The Effectiveness of Alternative Instructional Media: A Survey (March 1973, 72 pp.)

Dean Jamison with Steven Klecs, The Cost of Instructional Radio and Television for Developing Countries (March 1973, 57 pp.)

Emile G. McAnany, Radio's Role in Development: Five Strategies of Use (September 1973 with a 1976 afterword, Info. Bulletin No. 4, 29 pp.)

Henry T. Ingle, Communication Media and Technology: A Look at Their Role in Non-Formal Education Programs (August 1974, Info. Bulletin No. 5, 62 pp.)

Lois Joy Lester, A Directory of Sources of Assistance on Educational Technology for Development (November 1975, Info. Bulletin No. 6, 90 pp.)

A Sourcebook on Radio's Role in Development: (October 1976, Info. Bulletin No. 7, 85 pp.)

Therese Silverman, Tele-Niger: Adapting an Electronic Medium to a Rural African Context (undated, but late 1976, Info. Bulletin No. 8, 45 pp.)

Development Communication Report (an apparently irregular newsletter)

Keith W. Mielke and James W. Swinehart's Evaluation of the Feeling Good Television Series (Children's Television Workshop, One Lincoln Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10023—$10.00, paper)     

我国省级公共图书馆评价研究——以大众点评网数据为例

[目的/意义]探究我国省级公共图书馆的公众评价现状，比较华东、华中、华南、华北、西北、西南、东北共7个地区31个省内39个省级公共图书馆的建设差异，为公共图书馆未来建设方向提供建议。[方法/过程]通过《中国公共图书馆事业发展基础数据概览》《中国图书馆年鉴2016》和中国人民共和国国家统计局网站获取公共图书馆客观评估数据，确定数据获取的几个维度，应用python网络爬虫技术获取我国省级公共图书馆在大众点评上的赋值评分和用户评论，应用频数分析、偏度分析、相关性分析和情感分析方法从读者视角分析我国公共图书馆评价各要素之间的关系，提出建设性建议。[结果/结论]通过数据分析得出研究结论：①均衡差异，涉及地区差异和评价内容差异；②增强对用户的吸引力，尤其是偏远地区；③关注用户情感倾向，重点关注读者关注的热点词，同时要注意消除负面情感带来的影响。     

TV and the iPad: How the Tablet is Redefining the Way We Watch

The tablet computer offers options for streaming TV programming that potentially alters viewing behaviors compared to the traditional television set, yet there is a dearth of research related to this viewing alternative. This study uses a national sample of adult iPad owners to investigate the tablet's role as a TV. The frameworks of continuity-discontinuity, use-diffusion, and attention and absorption to programming are applied to uncover where the tablet fits into the current repertoire of viewing devices, and how individuals are engaging with traditional TV programming through it. Results show that overall, the tablet's functionality as a TV can lead to experiential differences.     

Revisiting Alabama state website accessibility

Potter's (2002) accessibility review of over 60 Alabama state-level websites was designed to establish a baseline for monitoring the state government's progress on online accessibility. The study found significant room for improvement. Only 20% of the reviewed sites met Section 508 requirements, and only 19% of the sites met WAI Priority 1 accessibility standards, based on a combination of automated evaluation and manual inspection of the code. In 2006, Alabama adopted ITS 1210-00S2: Universal Accessibility, which offered basic guidelines to assist developers in complying with Section 508 requirements. The current study revisits the state home pages that Potter evaluated to see how accessibility levels have changed over the years, particularly with the state's adoption of ITS-530S2. Like Potter, the current analysis is based on a combination of automated testing and a manual review of each page's HTML. The study found that compliance has not improved substantially since Potter's analysis and reinforces the idea that the presence of a standard does not correlate with compliance.     

Reference and Research

A. George Gitter and Robert Grunin's Communication: A Guide to Information Sources (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1980—$26.00)

Publishers and Distributors of the United States (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1979—$7.50, paper)

Stuart S. Nagel and Marian Neef's Policy Analysis in Social Science Research (Beverly Hills, Ca.: Sage Publications, 1979-L-$18.00/8.95)

Michael E. Roloff and Gerland R. Miller, eds. Persuasion: New Directions in Theory and Research (Beverly Hills, Ca.: Sage Publications, 1980—$20.00/9.95)

Ronny Adhikarya and John Middleton, et al's Communication Planning at the Institutional Level: A Selected Annotated Bibliography (East-West Center, 1777 East-West Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96848—price not given, paper)

Frederic J. O'Hara's A Guide to Publications of the Executive Branch (Pierian Press, 5000 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104. 1979—$29.50/15.00)

MIMP 1980: Magazine Industry Market Place, The Directory of American Periodical Publishing (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1979—$24.50, paper)

Mark Beach and Bill Gilchrist's Words for the Wise: A Field Guide to Academic Terms (Coast to Coast Books, 2934 N.E. 16th Ave., Portland, Ore. 97212—$4.95, paper)     

将博物馆展览策划做成一项文化创意活动 ——《博物馆展览策划:理念与实务》书评

展览是博物馆的核心工作之一,也是博物馆服务社会最普遍和最直接的途径。《博物馆展览策划:理念与实务》一书作者结合多年的博物馆理论研究和博物馆展览策划实践经验,直击当下我国博物馆展览策划的核心问题,对现代博物馆陈列展览策划所应遵循的理念、工作流程和工作规范进行了详细阐述,为当前及未来一段时期内我国博物馆的展览策划工作提出了极为具象的实践指南。