On Determining Three Dimensional Regions of Significance

How educational goals are conceptualized as a construct has implications for developing and evaluating educational programs and activities. The author used EQS 3.0 to test the factorial validity of 4 models of conceptualization of educational goals by conducting confirmatory factor analysis on empirical data collected from 1,134 education faculty members. The 4-factor model espoused by Goodlad fit the data best, and the participants wanted academic, vocational, personal, and social goals to be in relative harmony. Implications for educational theory, practice, and research are discussed.     

Faculty Development through Computer Awareness

Although the use of microcomputers and their associated software programmes has the potential to help faculty work more efficiently, their use is not yet as widespread as it might be and many faculty members are still unaware of how they might use computers both to facilitate their own research and report writing and as an adjunct to their teaching. Efforts to encourage greater usage of computers which emphasise the acquisition of appropriate skills only, in many instances appear to have limited long-term effectiveness. A multi-dimensional model for the promotion of educational change has been developed and tested in a stafl development programme to promote the awareness and use of computers to assist faculty at a large Australian institute of technology. The beginnings of the model and the programme are described together with the results of an initial post-programme survey. These represent the preliminaly findings of a longitudinal study of effective models for the promotion of educational innovation in higher education. The initial results suggest implications both for the teaching of computer awareness and for the building of an effective theory of innovative change in higher education [1].     

研究型大学本科教育教学改革思考

研究型大学是科学研究和教学融为一体的综合性高水平大学,国外研究型大学在教育理念、教学方式、培养过程、课程体系设置等方面具有显著特点。在国内高水平研究型大学建设进程中应借鉴国外经验,构建以学生为本的人才培养方案,处理好通识教育与专业教育、理论教学与实践教学、课内与课外、教学改革继承与发展的关系。构建以人为本的教学管理体系与机制,促进教师教学能力和学生全面发展,营造以人为本的校园文化,不断提高管理质量和服务效率。     

Teaching the way they were taught? Revisiting the sources of teaching knowledge and the role of prior experience in shaping faculty teaching practices

An oft-cited maxim in higher education is that “faculty teach the way they were taught” because they receive little formal training in teaching before entering the classroom. However, little is known about the origins of faculty knowledge about teaching or the role their prior experiences play in the development of their teaching practices. In this exploratory study, we interviewed and observed 53 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics faculty at three research institutions. Using qualitative analysis methods (i.e., thematic and causal network analysis), we find that faculty do not only model their teaching after previous instructors, but also draw upon a varied repertoire of knowledge and prior experiences. These include knowledge derived from their experiences as instructors (46 respondents), their experiences as students (22 respondents), their experiences as researchers (9 respondents), and from their non-academic roles (10 respondents). In-depth analyses of two faculty members elaborate on the relationship between these varied types of prior experiences and how they interact with other factors including beliefs about teaching, instructional goals, and features of the organizational context to ultimately shape their classroom practice. The results suggest that instead of assuming that faculty lack any knowledge about teaching and learning, professional developers and policymakers should instead acknowledge and build upon their preexisting “craft” knowledge as professional teachers. Future research should focus on relationships between specific types of knowledge and teaching practice and how these varied experiences influence identity formation.     

探讨工科类应用型本科院校师资队伍建设

高等教育是分层次分类型的,不同层次与类型的高等学校都有自己的个性.工科类的应用型院校的办学定位、培养目标的确立决定了师资队伍特色;师资队伍的区域性、行业性、"双师"型、拓展型和"三实"特色,又直接影响办学定位、培养目标的确立.坚持以工科为主,构筑"产学研"平台,培养特色明显的师资队伍是应用型本科院校一项艰巨的任务.     

转型发展视域下独立学院校地协同育人的模式创新与实现路径

在我国高等教育发展的新时代,独立学院在为国家培养和输送应用型人才方面扮演着愈加重要的角色。影响和制约独立学院人才培养的重要因素有很多,其中,校地协同育人起到关键作用。通过探讨校地协同育人在独立学院转型发展中的价值与内涵,明晰转型发展驱动下独立学院校地协同育人的关键要素主要为价值导向与目标要素、课程教学要素、师资模式要素、文化与环境要素。文章提出了独立学院校地协同育人模式创新的实现路径为互嵌"双主体"协同育人理念、建立"双课堂"实践教学模式、打造"双师型"师资队伍力量、搭建"双引擎"文化互融平台。     

Perceptions of art and design faculty on the instructional value of iPads

The widespread use of iPads in higher education brings to the forefront questions about the contribution of these computer tablets towards teaching and learning. However, there is a noticeable gap in research on the educational potential of iPads in higher education. This article describes the second stage of a research project on the use of iPads in undergraduate art and design disciplines, and in particular the views and experiences of faculty in two different art and design schools over a period of one semester. The first stage of the project investigated the perceptions of art and design students about the educational value of iPads. For the second stage, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model was used to gauge adoption of the iPad for teaching and learning, and the participants provided qualitative data that was used for this phenomenographic study. The outcomes of this investigation provide an overview of challenges and obstacles from the perspective of art and design faculty in embedding the use of iPads in teaching and learning.     

国外的多元文化教育研究及面临的问题

国外的多元文化教育在近半个世纪的发展历程中,逐渐成为西方社会的一种教育理念。西方国家多元文化教育的兴起,既有人口、教育上的因素,也有文化、政治方面的原因。为了实现多元文化教育的目标,多元文化教育的倡导者提出从师资、课程、教学以及评价等方面对学校教育全面加以改革。多元文化教育在倡导民主观念、种族平等、尊重文化差异等方面取得了一定的进展,使教育能更多地考虑到了不同文化背景的学生的实际情况,但是也有一些人对多元文化教育提出了异议,使其面临新的挑战。     

论教师教育特色

教师教育特色是指举办教师教育的不同类型、层次的高等院校,在促进教师发展的长期办学实践中所形成的独特的、持久稳定的办学模式和学校文化。其本质特性表现为培养目标的针对性、课程设置的特殊性、品德教育的重要性、教育实践的人本性、教育文化的民族性。教师教育特色在培养对象和模式等方面有不同的表现形式。科研优先,引领方向;教研并重,打造特色;教学为本,服务地方分别是建设有教师教育特色高水平研究型大学、教学研究型大学、教学服务型大学的路径选择。     

Exemplary senior faculty at research universities: Their guiding principles for balancing teaching and research

A qualitative, exploratory study consisting primarily of in-depth reflective interviews with ten exemplary, senior faculty at a large, southern, research university was conducted in 1993. One of the major goals of the study was to identify how exemplary senior faculty have balanced the roles of teaching and research within an institutional context that emphasizes research. The findings from this study indicate that how exemplary, faculty members balance the demands of teaching and research lies, in part, in ten guiding principles.Patricia Kalivoda works in the Office of Instructional Development at the University of Georgia. She holds an Ed.D. in higher education from the University of Georgia. Her scholarship focuses on faculty career development and faculty vitality.     

THE DELPHI: EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT IN INSTITUTIONAL GOAL SETTING

This paper describes and analysies the use of a delphi research methodology to assess faculty perceptions of institutional needs and goals in an osteopathic medical education program. Use of the delphi to educate faculty in the administrative and political functioning of the institution as well as to involve all faculty in the refinement of specific needs and goals is discussed. Full‐time clinical and basic science faculty of the New Jersey School of Osteopathic Medicine provided an example of the varied uses of the delphi research methodology in higher education and specifically in profesiional higher education. The three rounds of the delphi procedure produced faculty consensus on the following institutional variable items: (a) the philosophical and functional orientation of the curriculum; (b) location and design of the physical campus facilities and environment; (c) faculty issues of tenure, promotion, salary and merit; (d) teaching, and the evaluation of teaching; (e) student characteristics and admissions policies; and (f) administrative structure and communication networks.     

新时期远程高等教育人才培养定位辨析

远程教育发展过程中的实践模式有很多,不同的模式在理论上又对应着不同的理论学派。本文从远程教育定位出发,将其分为趋同和并行学派。趋同学派认为远程高等教育和普通高等教育只是两种不同的教育形式,但培养目标和规格应该是一致的、趋同的;并行学派认为两者在理念和实践方法上有明显的不同,各具特色,其培养目标和规格也应有所不同,应该并行发展。目前中国远程教育形式繁杂,标准和办学模式多样,不利于其进一步的发展。本文分析了国内外远程高等教育的定位现状,在此基础上对中国远程高等教育发展定位的趋势做了探讨,为我国明确远程教育发展定位、实现学习型社会的建设目标有着重要意义。     

西南联大通才教育摭论

西南联大成为一所人才辈出、蜚声中外的高等学府,其主要原因之一是秉持并实践了通才教育的办学理念。严格的教学制度,自由的学术环境,优秀的教师队伍,为西南联大成功实施通才教育提供了制度、思想、师资方面的保障。我国的一些高等院校在实施通才教育上,面临着理念认识不全面,师资薄弱,课程设置不合理等问题,西南联大通才教育的成功经验为我国的通才教育改革提供一些借鉴及启示。     

Discussion in College Math

Online videos are used increasingly in higher education teaching as part of the explosion of Web 2.0 tools that are now available. YouTube is one popular example of a video-sharing resource that both faculty and students can use effectively, both inside and outside of the classroom, to engage students in their learning, energize classroom discussion, and meet course learning goals. The authors, integrating current literature with their own classroom experiences, describe different types of assignments for which online video can be effectively used.     

日本高校师资管理机制探析

二战之后，日本高等教育获得了长足发展，在高校师资管理方面形成了极具特色的管理模式，为日本高校招揽了大批高素质的师资：日本高校通过严格的选聘制度与引力制度确保聘得优秀的教师：通过激励机制调动教师的积极性与创造性；通过流动制度推动人员流动、促进科学研究，保证教师队伍的生机与活力。从而奠定了高校高质量教学研究的基础，为日本迅速崛起为世界经济强国提供了智力支持。     

Merit matters: Student perceptions of faculty quality and reward

This empirical research explores a role that the quality of teaching and students’ competence play in shaping students’ views about the upward mobility opportunities in their higher education institutions. It is often understood that the principal role of higher education is to promote merit-based mobility amongst students, as well as espouse the merit-based upward mobility amongst its faculty. How exactly students in higher education form their views about the presence of meritorious upward mobility is the question that remains largely unanswered, especially in developing societies. To help answer this question, the study relies on the binary logistic regression of data collected via 762 surveys from 6 public higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and determines what factors help predict students’ views on whether faculty promotions are merited or not. Findings in this article are sub-selected from a broader empirical work, and they point to a novel link: the quality of teaching and students’ views on whether the most competent students are first to graduate in their faculties are the key predictors of whether students believe the faculty members within their higher education institutions are promoted based on merit. In the absence of meritocracy, students are, as this research finds, likely to categorize the educational system as corrupt. When the merit-based competition does not determine who moves up within higher education, one's belonging to the political, social, and economic elites tends to become the alternative basis for the upward mobility. Moving away from the merit-based mobility can have broad social consequences particularly in developing countries that are poorly equipped to react to such digressions, underlining the relevance of this work cross-nationally.     

高等教育大众化阶段教育质量提升的途径

质量是教育发展的生命线,是大众化高等教育发展的关键。提高大众化阶段高等教育的质量,必须坚持高等教育的有效增长,把握“适度”原则;多渠道筹措资金,建立多元化的社会教育投入体制;大力实施创新教育;构建产学研相结合的教学体系;以学科建设为龙头,加快专业建设和改造步伐;大力加强师资队伍建设,提高教师队伍整体素质;构建与多元化质量观相适应的教学质量监控体系。