The extent of similarity in concept development for children with and without handicapping

ABSTRACT

This paper examines and integrates findings from six investigations of similarity in concept development for children with and without handicapping conditions. The studies were designed to ensure comparability and are brought together to provide fuller understanding. They were carried out with children who have hearing, language or visual impairments as well as with those termed mentally retarded. Similarity in sequence of development was strongly supported by scalogram analyses in every investigation. The educational implications of common orderings are clear. Similarity in structure was supported in the case of non‐retarded and retarded children with no known organic condition. Further study is needed before conclusions are drawn about structure and retarded children who have organic conditions.     

美国社会转型期社会政治经济问题论析

内战结束后至20世纪初,美国处于急剧的社会转型时期。在这一时期,美国迅速由农业社会向工业社会转变,实现了经济发展的大跨越,但同时也产生了大量的社会政治、经济问题。这些问题的存在影响了美国社会的稳定和经济的可持续发展,并促使美国进行全面的社会变革。     

Coping with aversive stimulation in the neonatal period: quiet sleep and plasma cortisol levels during recovery from circumcision

Measures of behavioral state and plasma cortisol were obtained on 80 healthy, full-term, 2-3-day-old, male newborns who were scheduled to be circumcised. To establish baseline or precircumcision levels, the newborns were observed, and behavioral state was recorded for the half hour prior to circumcision. Blood was sampled via heelstick for plasma cortisol determination at the end of this observation period. The newborns were then circumcised and assigned randomly to one of 4 postcircumcision, blood-sampling time-point groups. The time points were 30, 90, 120, and 240 min following the beginning of circumcision. Behavioral state was observed during circumcision and for the half hour prior to taking the second blood sample. The results showed a return to baseline cortisol levels sometime prior to 240 min, with data from an additional group of 10 newborns indicating that the return occurred by 150 min. Behavioral distress during circumcision was associated with elevations in plasma cortisol at 30 and 90 min. Quiet sleep was correlated negatively with plasma cortisol prior to circumcision, and significant increases in quiet sleep followed circumcision, with the greatest increase corresponding to the period of most rapid reductions in cortisol.     

浅谈少儿电子琴教学中存在的几个问题

以教育学理论为根据 ,简要地阐述了少儿电子琴教学中存在的教学目的不明确、教材使用混乱、教学方法单一、教师培训不够等几个问题 ,并提出了一些切实可行的解决办法。     

Clusters of observable behavior in high-risk kindergarten children

Children in four kindergarten classes were observed directly in their classrooms over a 10-day period early in the chool year. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct groups of children as determined by observable classroom behavior. One group with a particular pattern of observable behavior emerged as high-risk. This group appeared to receive more observable response from teachers and peers and also scored lower on concurrent teacher evaluations.     

The relationship between neonatal characteristics and three-month mother-infant interaction in high-risk infants

The behavior of 4 groups of infants--healthy term, healthy preterm, sick preterm, and sick full-term--was assessed in the neonatal period using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). At 3 months postterm, infants and their mothers were observed and videotaped in a free-play session. Both the NBAS and mother-infant interaction data were analyzed to assess the effects of maturity (term vs. preterm), illness (sick vs. healthy), and their interaction. Results revealed that illness of the infant affected both NBAS performance and maternal behavior during the interaction at 3 moths. Infants who were ill performed poorly on the NBAS orientation dimension; this dimension was found to be significantly associated with maternal and infant behaviors at 3 months. These data demonstrate an association between early infant characteristics and subsequent mother and child interactive behaviors. They also identify postnatal illness as an important influence on the development of the mother-infant dyad.     

新时期农村思想政治教育载体存在的问题及原因探析

新时期科技的发展、改革的深入、社会结构的变迁使农村发生了根本性的改变。农村主体结构的复杂化、价值观的多元化,农村贫富差距的不断扩大化,留守儿童、空巢老人的趋势化等新情况、新问题都对传统的思想政治教育载体构成了巨大的挑战,其弊端日益凸显,本文拟针对新时期农村思想政治教育载体存在的问题及其原因进行探析,以期对农村思想政治教育载体的路径研究提供借鉴。     

论社会转型期高职院校贫困生思想问题与价值引领

贫困生资助工作是高职院校学生管理中的重要部分。社会转型期高职院校贫困生思想问题突出,加大了育人的难度。本文总结和分析了当下高职院校贫困生思想问题的表现,提出了贫困生价值引领的对策。     

Mental-Physical Relationships during the preschool period

Little is known about the development of mathematics anxiety in elementary school students. To address this gap in knowledge, the authors evaluated students in Grades 3 and 6 on measures of mathematics anxiety, school test anxiety, and attitudes toward mathematics to determine (a) whether different forms of mathematics anxiety exist, (b) whether mathematics test anxiety differs from school test anxiety, and (c) whether mathematics anxiety is related to different attitudes toward mathematics. Evidence was found for two distinct forms of mathematics anxiety: test and problem-solving anxiety. Mathematics test anxiety increased with age relative to mathematics problem-solving anxiety; this result demonstrated that children become more anxious about mathematics testing situations as they progress through school. Mathematics test anxiety was related, but not identical, to school test anxiety, and students in both grades were less anxious about math tests than about academic testing generally. Finally, older students tended to show more positive attitudes toward mathematics than did younger students, and relations between these attitudes and the two forms of mathematics anxiety also changed between Grades 3 and 6.     

义务教育阶段留守儿童与流动儿童差异分析

留守儿童和流动儿童均是农民工子女,然而在国家政策、受教育质量、心理健康以及未来发展机会等方面二者存在着显著差异.种种情况表明,留守儿童与流动儿童相比,是更值得关注的弱势群体.     

新时期高校教育管理中存在的问题研究

随着高校招生计划的扩大,越来越多的学生步入大学的殿堂,招生规模的扩大给高校教育管理带来了新的挑战,为了应对新时期高等教育的改革发展必须要加强高校教育管理的创新,本文在分析当前高校教育管理中存在问题的基础上,提出了一些自己的合理建议,希望为促进高校教育管理的发展提供一些参考。     

A preliminary description of nonschool-based friendship in young high-risk children

This study explored friendships in a sample of 51 high-risk preschool-aged children. Thirty-eight children were placed in foster care (25 placed with their siblings and 13 separated from their siblings). Thirteen children, receiving preventive services, were living at home with their biological parents and siblings. Chi-square, ANOVA, and paired t-tests were used to test for between-group and within-subject differences in the target children's friendships. The results demonstrated that the majority of the high-risk children had a “best friend.” However, the foster children all had friends who could be described as quasi-siblings. The results suggest that foster care placement and the presence of siblings may influence the nature of a child's interactions with nonrelated peers.