Exploring Authority: A Case Study of a Composition and a Professional Writing Classroom

Abstract

This article reports on classroom research designed to answer questions about authority—how institutions and disciplines, broadly conceived, influence teachers' ability to abnegate authority and how students' experiences influence their perceptions of authority in a business writing and a first-year composition class. The theoretical framework is derived from research about institutional and disciplinary influences on these two areas of study. This framework and our results lead us to speculate about the ways in which our students' experience of the institution and expectations of the classes and their intentions for using the material taught in the classes may have thwarted our attempt to share authority in our classrooms.     

“作文赏析”在作文教学中的探索

提高作文教学效果,"作文赏析"是一种较好的教学形式。"作文赏析"就是教师批改作文以后的讲评,其目标是让所有的学生能爱上写作,理念是以人为本、注重创作。它的方式可以是教师讲评,也可以是师生互评,或者是学生互评。     

Exploring a Model of Situated Professional Development: Impact on Classroom Practice

A hallmark of current science education reform involves teaching through inquiry. However, the widespread use of inquiry-based instruction in many classrooms has not occurred (Roehrig and Luft in Int J Sci Educ 26:3–24, 2004; Schneider et al. in J Res Sci Teach 42:283–312, 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a professional development program on middle school science teachers’ ability to enact inquiry-based pedagogical practices. Data were generated through evaluation of teacher practice using the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) (Sawada et al. in School Sci Math 102:245–253, 2002) at three distinct junctures, before, during, and after the professional development treatment. Analysis of teacher-participant post-institute reflections was then utilized to determine the perceived role of the various institute components. Statistical significant changes in RTOP scores indicated that the teachers were able to successfully transfer the enactment of the inquiry-based practices into their classrooms. The subsequent discussion provides connection between these pedagogical changes with use of professional development strategies that provide a situated learning environment.     

Exploring Anti-Semitism in the Classroom: A Case Study Among Norwegian Adolescents from Minority Backgrounds

This study explores high school students’ views of Jews in one minority-dominated school in Oslo, Norway. Employing a qualitative approach, semistructured interview guides and classroom-based discussions teased out attitudes toward Jews drawing on questions from a nationwide research conducted by The Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities (2012). The findings are analyzed through the conceptual prism of anti-social capital and the literature on anti-Semitism with a focus on Jean-Paul Sartre’s (1948) analysis. This study warns that failure to pay attention to the increasing fragmentation of the educational landscape in Norway along ethnico-religious lines will serve to undermine teachers’ efforts to combat anti-Semitism.     

Epistemological Syncretism in a Biology Classroom: A Case Study

In teaching science, the beliefs of teachers may come into conflict and inhibit the implementation of reformed teaching practice. An experienced biology teacher, Mr. Hobbs, was found to have two different sets of epistemological beliefs while his classroom practice was predominantly teacher-centered. A case study was then performed in order to investigate the underlying issues that contributed to his classroom practice. Data sources included preliminary and follow-up interviews and classroom observations. Data analysis indicated that factors that prevented the epistemological conflict from reaching a resolution included Mr. Hobbs’ beliefs about learning, contextual teaching factors, personal experiences as a student, and views of the nature of science. The findings from this case indicate that science teachers possess complex belief systems that are not immediately obvious to either the teacher or science teacher educators, and science teacher educators need to address teacher beliefs when they encourage teachers to implement reformed teaching practices.     

以学生为中心的英语写作教学实验研究

本针对中国大学英语写作教学中存在的问题，提出了以学生为中心的英语写作教学模式，并对相关的教学实验研究进行了分析，旨在寻找英语写作教学的新出路。     

Affective Assessment and Mathematics Classroom Engagement: A Case Study

This paper reports a case study of one student’s pattern of engagement in an eighth-grade algebra class. The student, Bryan, was a participant in a yearlong study of mathematical communication in middle school classrooms. His case is interesting both because of the striking differences between his being engaged and disengaged in classroom work, and because of the reasons he gives for his pattern of engagement. Several current theories of engagement and motivation are discussed as we attempt to gain insight into his actions and explanations. All are successful in describing parts of Bryan’s behavior. However, we argue both empirically and theoretically that none serve to characterize what we feel is the core of Bryan’s decision about engagement: his affective assessment of mathematics. We provide an analysis based on Rychlak’s (1988, 1994)Logical Learning Theory to give insights into Bryan’s assessment of mathematics, and discuss what this approach adds to our understanding of this particular case. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Authority and Authority Relations in Mathematics Education: A View from an 8th Grade Classroom

Compared to studies in general education, authority has received little attention in mathematics education, despite an increasing interest in sociological perspectives in mathematics classroom research. The subject of authority is particularly important in mathematics education, on the one hand, because of the immense authority mathematics itself seems to possess and pass on to its practitioners, but also, on the other hand, because of the anti-authoritarianism present, to some degree, in many trends in mathematics education such as cooperative learning approaches and constructivist pedagogies. Such an anti-authoritarian stance appears justified by data from an 8th grade mathematics classroom (supplemented with data from a second 8th grade classroom) which suggest that teachers possess immense authority in the eyes of the students and that this and other authority relations are strongly evident in the students non-reflective ways of interacting not only with their teachers but also among themselves. However, theoretical considerations on authority show that the problem may not be authority per se but the way one conceives the notion of authority, that there exist kinds of authority, such as Bennes anthropogogical authority, which can encourage reflective and also fruitful collaborative work.     

概要写作过程策略个案调查研究

概要写作是学生学习生涯中最常见的一种学术型写作任务,也一直被认为是有效学习的重要途径。但是学生在概要写作过程中往往不能准确概括主题,而且由于过多摘抄源文章而严重影响概括语篇的质量。本研究采用描述和定性研究的方法,对西南地区高校一名英语专业大四学生在写作文献综述概要过程中使用的策略,通过访谈、过程日志和刺激回想法收集数据,以期对中国英语学习者写作概要提供参考和建议。     

课堂管理中教师权威研究的元分析

本文运用内容分析法,从论文发表年份、研究情境、研究主题、研究视角和教师层次等五个维度,对课堂管理中教师权威研究进行分类和编码,就国内教育学界关于教师权威研究进行了比较与分析.研究发现,目前我国课堂管理中教师权威研究的热点问题主要集中在以下几个方面:教师权威的转变与重塑,各个理论视角下教师权威的发挥,从心理学视角重建教师权威,教师权威与师生冲突之间的关系,各层次教师尤其是民办学校和职业学校中教师的权威问题.     

英语专业四级考试的作文及审题策略

写作是体现语言能力的重要方面，它是英语专业四级考试（TEM-4）的必考题型之一。TEM-4的作文题形式有其较固定的结构，包括引语、标题和要求。它们相互关联，构成有机的整体。写作前审题时应该综合把握这三个方面，进行构思。审题时的疏漏会导致作文失败，写作成绩不理想。对于写作审题时容易出现的问题，师生双方都可以从多方面采取措施来避免。     

英语专业四级考试的作文及审题策略

写作是体现语言能力的重要方面,它是英语专业四级考试(TEM-4)的必考题型之一。TEM-4的作文题形式有其较固定的结构,包括引语、标题和要求。它们相互关联,构成有机的整体。写作前审题时应该综合把握这三个方面,进行构思。审题时的疏漏会导致作文失败,写作成绩不理想。对于写作审题时容易出现的问题,师生双方都可以从多方面采取措施来避免。     

A Case Study of Cooperation between Reading and Writing

The current study is concerned with the integration of English reading and writing in a program which is delivered jointly by Henan University(HU) in Kaifeng and Victoria University(VU) in Melbourne.Currently,English writing and reading have irrelevant teaching contents.In order to make better use the Chinese and Australian teachers’ English expertise to enhance students’ English proficiency in the joint program,VU and HU initiated this case study of coordination and cooperation at a curriculum and delivery planning level for reading and writing.By analyzing research data,this paper aims to measure the effectiveness of integration of writing and reading,to identify students’ acceptance of the collaboration of writing and reading and also to explore alternative ways of designing the teaching materials in an Australia-China English course.The main findings of the research project relate to student confidence,knowledge,motivation which are greatly improved when reading and writing materials are closely-related;trial groups’ writing proficiency showed twice greater improvement than that of control group;integration of reading and writing better uses Australian and Chinese teachers’ English expertise;over 90% of the students comment that the specially-designed materials are useful and would like to continue learning in this way if possible.     

弗兰德斯课堂教学评价系统实例分析

弗兰德斯互动分析系统(简称FIAS)是一种专门用来分析课堂教学中师生语言互动行为的观察评价模型,它是由10个语言行为编码组成。利用FIAS对一节高中语文课进行课堂评价分析,这节课是由一名从教两星期的新任教师所讲授的《纪念刘和珍君》。分析这节课中新任教师的教学语言特点及问题,针对课堂上所出现的教学问题提出几点建议,以增强其课堂教学能力,从而能够帮助新任教师专业成长。     

Writing: Some Classroom Practice

"The first thought is 'what splendid children' but I know enough by now to realise that the material is always there, and that the splendour is at the mercy of the teaching". Alan Garner     

高中英语教师课堂权威身份的话语构建研究

语用身份这一概念由陈新仁教授于2008年提出,意为交际中所体现的社会身份。采用陈新仁(2013)提出的理论框架,以课堂交际话语为语料,旨在探索国内高中英语教师课堂权威身份的话语构建,并在顺应理论的指导下解释权威身份的构建,从而引导高中英语教师正确认识其权威身份并合理运用课堂话语。     

Teaching and Learning in a University Classroom: A Norwegian Case Study on Students' Perspectives

This article focuses on student activity and how students experience learning. A teaching programme was both led and researched by the one teacher. The article describes a master's level teaching programme and presents the data collection strategies used by the teacher‐researcher and presents learning viewed from the students' perspective. The teaching and researching processes are carried out in the framework of socio‐cultural theory. In Vygotsky's and Bakhtin's theories, as part of the socio‐cultural tradition, language and dialogue are viewed as decisive factors in learning and understanding, and hence in the researched teaching programme.     

专业认同对幼儿园教师专业发展影响的个案研究

幼儿园教师专业认同是教师对自己身为一名幼儿园教师所具有的意义的整体看法。从教师成长的历程来看,教师专业认同是多元的、复杂的、动态发展的。本研究旨在探讨幼儿园教师专业认同对教师专业发展的影响,运用叙事研究法,选取一位幼儿园教师作为研究个案,透过教师专业认同的个案故事,从自我形象、专业准备、工作动机、教学实践、未来展望等方面分析影响幼儿园教师专业发展的因素。     

一个随班就读学生的个案调查

利用质的研究方法,研究了—位随班就读学生在普通学校的学习情况。结果发现,学校和部分教师对此学生的态度不够积极,对他的教育教学缺乏针对性。研究结果启示我们要加强对随班就读学生的个别化教学,以满足他们的特殊教育需要。