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1.
 对新种小囊兜兰Paphiopedilum globulosum与新变种扁球兜兰P.micranthum var.oblatum作了描述与绘图。两者均为采自云南东南部的栽培植物,与硬叶兜兰P.micranthum近似。但小囊兜兰具有宽得多的叶(宽2.8~3.4cm),先端多少呈钩状、宽1.1~1.2cm的唇瓣,以及与唇瓣囊口几乎同样大小的退化雄蕊,而扁球兜兰则叶宽2.2~3 cm,唇瓣扁球形,囊深不超过1 cm,可区别于硬叶兜兰。上述种类均属于宽瓣亚属(广义)。该亚属有16个种产中国、越南或两地共有。本文提供了分种检索表。  相似文献   

2.
 对中国云南产的兰科新种玲珑兜兰Paphiopedilum microchilum Z.J.Liu et S.C.Chen作了描述和绘图,并简要地讨论了它与彩云兜兰Paph.wardii Summerh.的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了杏黄兜兰的传粉生物学,结果发现杏黄兜兰具有复杂的传粉机制和繁育系统。杏黄兜兰的花为两性花,柱头与花药先后位于唇瓣管状基部的不同位置促进了异交,但由于传粉昆虫逃逸时具有反复攀爬通道和连续多次进出同一花的行为,容易造成白花传粉,因此,杏黄兜兰的繁育系统是兼具异交和自交的混合交配系统。 杏黄兜兰的花结构特别,具有吸引取食花粉的昆虫传粉的功能。经检测,杏黄兜兰不泌蜜,花粉也不作为传粉者的访花报酬物资,是一种食源性欺骗的植物。它模仿食源性植物黄花香Hypericumbeanii,靠花香和鲜艳花色吸引多种传粉者访花,而这种吸引与花的颜色种类及形态无关;花香远距离吸引传粉者到来,假雄蕊上斑纹和唇瓣内斑点近距离引诱传粉者进入囊状唇瓣。传粉者陷入唇瓣后,从基部通道逃逸时,先擦碰柱头,然后碰压雄蕊,将花粉带走,再到另一朵花上重复这一过程,完成异花传粉。这种吸引昆虫传粉的模式是兜兰属植物一种全新的传粉机制。 此外,本文还检测了杏黄兜兰的花粉组织化学和花粉,胚珠比率(P/O值)以及胚珠,种子比率(O/S值)。结果表明:杏黄兜兰的花粉为脂质;较低比率的P/O值是与杏黄兜兰的花粉具有粘性和相对较大的柱头有关;接近于1的比率的O/S值与昆虫传粉效率有关。花粉活力和柱头可授性的检测表明它们在花朵开放期内具有同步性,而花粉在柱头凋落后仍具活力。去除了雄蕊明显延长花朵开放时间。  相似文献   

4.
杏黄兜兰传粉生物学的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文研究了杏黄兜兰的传粉生物学,结果发现杏黄兜兰具有复杂的传粉机制和繁育系统.杏黄兜兰的花为两性花,柱头与花药先后位于唇瓣管状基部的不同位置促进了异交,但由于传粉昆虫逃逸时具有反复攀爬通道和连续多次进出同一花的行为,容易造成白花传粉,因此,杏黄兜兰的繁育系统是兼具异交和自交的混合交配系统.杏黄兜兰的花结构特别,具有吸引取食花粉的昆虫传粉的功能.经检测,杏黄兜兰不泌蜜,花粉也不作为传粉者的访花报酬物资,是一种食源性欺骗的植物.它模仿食源性植物黄花香Hypericum beanii,靠花香和鲜艳花色吸引多种传粉者访花,而这种吸引与花的颜色种类及形态无关;花香远距离吸引传粉者到来,假雄蕊上斑纹和唇瓣内斑点近距离引诱传粉者进入囊状唇瓣.传粉者陷入唇瓣后,从基部通道逃逸时,先擦碰柱头,然后碰压雄蕊,将花粉带走,再到另一朵花上重复这一过程,完成异花传粉.这种吸引昆虫传粉的模式是兜兰属植物一种全新的传粉机制.此外,本文还检测了杏黄兜兰的花粉组织化学和花粉/胚珠比率(P/O值)以及胚珠/种子比率(O/S值).结果表明杏黄兜兰的花粉为脂质;较低比率的P/O值是与杏黄兜兰的花粉具有粘性和相对较大的柱头有关;接近于1的比率的O/S值与昆虫传粉效率有关.花粉活力和柱头可授性的检测表明它们在花朵开放期内具有同步性,而花粉在柱头凋落后仍具活力.去除了雄蕊明显延长花朵开放时间.  相似文献   

5.
Paphiopedilum malipoense S. C. Chen et Tsi is a very interesting new species with its flower similar to that of Cypripedium, especially section Cypripedium.  It belongs to subgenus Brachypetalum, the most primitive group of Paphiopedilum, but differs from its allied species in hgniva elliptic-lanceolate sepal with cuspidately acuminate apex, rather narrow petals and horizontal lip, which are of common occurrence in many cypripediums, but very rare in paphiopedilums.  Apparently, this is an intermediate form, or a link, between Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium, but it does not seem to arise from hybridization between them, because no Cypripedium has been found wherever Paphiopedilum occurs.       The new species is distributed in southeastern Yunnan of China. In this area, as well as in river valleys of western Yunnan or the Hengduan Mountains, there have been four species of the same genus reported before. As we know, the Hengduan Mountains and their adjacent areas are rich in Cypripedium.  The differentiation of the genus there is remarka- ble.  All five sections it contains occur there and three of them are quite distinctive.  For example, the general appearance of the section Bracleosa is dissimilar to that of any other cypripediums, but closely resembles that of Listera.  It appears that the difference between sect.  Bracteosa of Cypripedium and sect.  Brachypetalum of Paphiopedilum is not neces- sarily wider than that between sect. Bracteosa and sect. Cypripedium of the same genus. Apparently, it is reasonable to consider Paphiopedilum to be an evolutional branch of Cy- pripedium extending into tropical area, with its primitive group (subgenus Brachypetalum) still remaining in its northern fringe area.  This primitive subgenus has eight species, dis- tributed from western Yunnan to the Malay Peninsula.  Five of them, including the inter- mediate and primitive form published here, are found in the hilly land of southeastern Yun- nan and the river valleys of western Yunnan.  All these facts suggest its area of origin: the river valleys of the Hengduan Mountains and the lower hilly land contiguous to the southof them.  相似文献   

6.
中国冬青属苦丁茶名实辩证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对冬青科饮料植物苦丁茶的考证,将苦丁茶Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng并入扣树I.kaushue S.Y.Hu中,对新种五棱苦丁茶I.pentagona S.K . Chen,Y.X.Feng et C.F.Liang作了描述,并提供了4个相近种的检索表。  相似文献   

7.
杓兰亚科(Cypripedioideae)是世界著名的观赏植物和云南颇具市场前景的野生观赏植物之一,包含杓兰属(Cypripedium)、兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)、美洲兜兰属(Phragmipedilum)、墨西哥兜兰属(Mexipedium)和碗兰属(Selenipedium)五个属,其中后三个属分布于中、南美洲。中国只产杓兰属和兜兰属,在云南地区物种尤为丰富。在地理分布上,杓兰属分布于北半球的温带及亚热带高山地区,兜兰属主产于亚洲至太平洋岛屿的热带和亚热带地区。在小生境方面,兜兰属为常绿植物,大部分种类生于树上或岩缝中;杓兰属所有种类都生长在较深厚的土壤里,冬季落叶休眠。这些暗示着兜兰属和杓兰属植物所能利用的资源和环境适应存在明显差异。  相似文献   

8.
 此文包括了缢花沙参Adenophora contracta (Kitag.)  J.  Z.  Qu  et  Hong 和松叶沙参 A.pinifolia Kitag.两个种。在过去,前者曾被处理为石沙参的变种(A.polyantha Nakai var.contracta Kitag.)。本文通过对它的地理分布、植物体形态和细胞学特征的研究,发现它相当独特。所以,把它处理为种的等级A.contracta (Kitag.) J.Z.Qu. et Hong。后者,曾被洪德元(1983)处理为存疑种。在此被确认为独立的种。  相似文献   

9.
中国五加科木怱木属一些分类群的订正   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 在全面修订五加科木忽木属的基础上.对中国木忽木属几个有问题的种,即A . chinensis L.,A.de- caisneana Hanece,A.elata(Miq.)Seem.,A.stipulata Franch.,A.dasyphylloides J.Wen,A. thomsonii Seem. ex Clarke,A.vietnamensis Ha,A.foliolosa(Wall.)Seem.,A.armata(Wall .ex Don)Seem.,A. finlaysoniana(Walli.ex Don)Seem.和A.debilis J.Wen进行了讨论,井对若于名称作了异名处理。  相似文献   

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