BMI分布规律及不同BMI人群体质水平研究

通过对福建省20~59岁成年人2005年与2010年体质监测数据分析,研究BMI分布规律及不同BMI人群体质水平的差异,探讨BMI对成年人体质的影响。结果显示:1.BMI与年龄呈正相关,随着年龄的增加BMI增大。2.体重过轻主要出现在30岁以前,以女性为主。30岁以后出现体重的快速增长,超重与肥胖率快速增长。3.体重过轻或肥胖人群综合水平较差,超重对综合体质的影响较弱,体重正常人群综合体质最佳4.体重过轻及超重、肥胖对体质的不利影响是全面的,包括身体形态、身体机能与身体素质。     

河北省大学生不同BMI与体质指标的相关性研究

通过对2013年河北省大学生体质监测的部分数据进行整理分析,揭示河北省大学生BMI与其各项体质指标的关系,结果显示河北省大学生多数学生处于BMI正常范围,且体重指数正常组的体质指标多数高于体重指数偏低或者超重肥胖的组别,偏轻组也较高于超重肥胖组。说明超重肥胖组的各项体质指标的下降与其体重指数过大相关。     

运动后收缩压恢复与单纯性肥胖(超重)的关系

分析运动后收缩压恢复(PSBPR)与单纯性肥胖(超重)的关系,探索PSBPR延迟作为肥胖(超重)患者新的调控标志物的可行性。将169名志愿者按照身体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖(超重)组(BMI≥24 kg/m2,n=91名)和正常体重组(18 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2,n=78名)。所有受试者均进行一次递增负荷功率车实验,分别测定运动前安静时、运动中以及运动后恢复期的收缩压,以运动后第3分钟的收缩压与运动后第1分钟收缩压的比值(第3分钟收缩压恢复比,rSBPR)超过1.0作为PSBPR延迟的指标。比较两组rSBPR和PSBPR延迟发生率的差别并分析肥胖指数(体脂百分比、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围身高比(WSR))与rSBPR的相关性。结果:肥胖(超重)组rSBPR(男:0.97±0.03;女:0.95±0.05)高于正常体重组(男:0.79±0.02;女:0.80±0.04)(均为P<0.01);肥胖(超重)组PSBPR延迟发生率(男:16.0%;女:23.4%)显著高于正常体重组(男:2.7%;女:4.3%)(均为P<0.01);肥胖(超重)的男性和女性发生PSBPR延迟的危险性分别是正常体重者的8.0倍和4.6倍。相关分析显示,肥胖(超重)组男性体脂百分数、BMI与rSBPR相关系数分别为0.381(P<0.01)和0.316(P<0.01),肥胖(超重)组女性WSR与rSBPR相关系数为0.402(P<0.01),正常体重组男性体脂百分数、BMI与rSBPR相关系数分别为0.436(P<0.01)和0.310(P<0.01)。结果表明:PSBPR延迟可能是肥胖(超重)患者可调控的心血管危险因素     

High Body Mass Index is not a barrier to physical activity: Analysis of international rugby players’ anthropometric data

Abstract

Recent data indicate that levels of overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. At a population level (and commonly to assess individual health risk), the prevalence of overweight and obesity is calculated using cut-offs of the Body Mass Index (BMI) derived from height and weight. Similarly, the BMI is also used to classify individuals and to provide a notional indication of potential health risk.

It is likely that epidemiologic surveys that are reliant on BMI as a measure of adiposity will overestimate the number of individuals in the overweight (and slightly obese) categories. This tendency to misclassify individuals may be more pronounced in athletic populations or groups in which the proportion of more active individuals is higher. This differential is most pronounced in sports where it is advantageous to have a high BMI (but not necessarily high fatness). To illustrate this point we calculated the BMIs of international professional rugby players from the four teams involved in the semi-finals of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) cut-offs for BMI, approximately 65% of the players were classified as overweight and approximately 25% as obese.

These findings demonstrate that a high BMI is commonplace (and a potentially desirable attribute for sport performance) in professional rugby players. An unanswered question is what proportion of the wider population, classified as overweight (or obese) according to the BMI, is misclassified according to both fatness and health risk? It is evident that being overweight should not be an obstacle to a physically active lifestyle. Similarly, a reliance on BMI alone may misclassify a number of individuals who might otherwise have been automatically considered fat and/or unfit.     

BF%和BMI法对体育专业男大学生营养状况评价的效度研究

目的：探讨应用BF%和BMI两种方法对体育专业男大学生营养状况评价的效度。方法：选取140名体育专业男大学生,用BF%法和BMI法对其进行营养状况评价。结果显示,采用BF%法和BMI法对140名男大学生营养状况的判别结果不尽相同,其中BMI法＂超重＋肥胖＂及偏瘦的检出率均较高,而正常体重者检出率较低。若按BF%标准判别,则BMI正常者中有可能出现被掩盖的低脂肪或高脂肪者。说明体育专业部分男大学生体成分呈现低脂肪、高肌肉型特征,建议对其营养状况评价采用BF%法较BMI更科学。     

Can sit-to-stand muscle power explain the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity?

This study examined the relationship between sit-to-stand (STS) power and physical function in adults with severe obesity. Thirty-eight adults (age: 44 ± 12 years; body mass index [BMI]: 45.2 ± 7.8 kg/m²) completed evaluations of STS power, strength and functional performance. STS power was measured with a wearable inertial sensor, strength was assessed with the isometric mid-thigh pull, and function was measured with the timed up-and-go (TUG), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and 30-s chair STS. Power and strength (normalised to body mass) entered regression models in addition to age, gender, BMI and physical activity (daily step count). Power displayed large univariate associations with TUG (r = 0.50) and 30-s chair STS (r = 0.67), and a moderate association with 6MWT (r = 0.49). Forward stepwise regression revealed that power independently contributed to TUG (β = ?0.40, p = 0.010), 30-s chair STS (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) and 6MWT performance (β = 0.27, p = 0.007). Power also appeared to be a superior determinant of function compared with strength. Power generated via the STS transfer largely underpins the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity, although intervention studies are required to investigate a potentially causal relationship.     

中老年肥胖男性身体活动水平与能量消耗特征

以中老年男性肥胖人群为对象,同正常体重人群相比,研究肥胖人群自由生活下的身体活动水平、静息代谢、特定活动下的能耗代谢率、能源底物利用特征,为肥胖机制研究和干预措施制定提供参考。方法:14名50~60岁肥胖男性者(BMI>30)和15名体重正常者(BMI=23)使用加速度计RT3连续7天测量身体活动。之后使用Cortex MetaMax 3 B进行静息代谢和特定身体活动能耗的测量(坐、站、步行3.2 km/h,4.8 km/h,6.4 km/h)。结果:1)肥胖者的每日总能耗、身体活动能耗、中等强度以上活动能耗、中等以上活动的累计时间都显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。调整了体重因素后,肥胖者单位体重每日能耗/kg略低于对照组,而单位体重身体活动能耗显著高于对照组。2)肥胖组静息能耗高于体重正常组,若是以单位体重计算,静息代谢率显著低于体重正常组(P<0.05)。3)在坐、站、走活动中,肥胖组消耗的能量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。若以公斤体重计算能耗,肥胖组坐姿和站姿的相对能耗略低于对照组,步行的相对能耗两组无差别。4)相同运动下两组人群安静平卧、坐、站、3.2 km/h和4.8 km/h步行时的呼吸交换率没有差异。6.4 km/h步行时,肥胖组的呼吸交换率显著高于体重正常组(P<0.05)。5)用回归统计法分析影响肥胖的危险因素,静息代谢率可以作为预测肥胖的因子。结论:肥胖人群的身体活动量和每日消耗能量不低于体重正常组,造成肥胖的原因很可能与能量消耗有关,较低的静息代谢率是肥胖发生的重要因素。此外,运动中脂肪氧化能力下降也可能是肥胖危险因素。     

潮州市居民体质指数、血压、血脂及血糖水平分析

目的：调查潮州市居民体质指数及血压、血脂与血糖水平,为评估潮州居民健康生活方式提供依据.方法：对1 318名潮州市18岁以上居民进行问卷调查,统计分析其自述体质指数、低体重、超重、肥胖及异常血压、血脂和血糖发生率.结果：潮州市居民平均体质指数男性为22.86±3.65,女性为21.55±2.93.体重偏低、正常、超重和肥胖率分别为8.35％、65.63％、19.35％和6.67％.高血压、高血脂和高血糖发生率分别为18.29％、13.64％和10.63％.结论：潮州市居民体质指数、超重、肥胖率及高血压、高血脂发生率低于国内其他地区,低体重发生率则高于国内其他地区.     

Deleterious effects of obesity on physical fitness in pre-pubertal children

The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity.     

Tracking of physical activity in pubertal boys with different BMI over two-year period

We examined the tracking of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometers and subjective self- and parental reports in normal weight and overweight and obese pubertal boys over two-year period. In total, 156 boys with mean (±SD) age of 11.53 ± 0.76 at baseline and with mean age of 13.94 ± 0.74 at 2 year follow-up were studied. At baseline and approximately two years later, the boys completed self-report questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. On the basis of first year assessment’s body mass index (BMI), the children were grouped as normal weight and overweight and obese groups according to BMI cut-offs. Tracking correlations of objectively measured PA and subjectively measured PA were fairly similar across the 12–14 year-old-boys weight groups over two year period. Tracking correlations of objectively measured PA and subjectively measured PA were not significantly different over two-year period between both BMI groups. The results of the study show that pubertal boys objectively measured PA decreased over two-year period and so the boys started to be less active in their pubertal period.     

湖北省师范类体育教师的健康现状调查与研究

为探索改善湖北省师范类体育教师中存在的亚健康现状的有效措施,采用数理统计法、文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验研究法等方法,对湖北省师范类体育教师的健康及健康行为现状进行调查,调查结果显示：湖北省师范类体育教师的身体健康状况不容乐观,患病率最高的疾病为咽炎,占总人数的33.0%,其次是腰背痛、颈椎病和肩周炎,分别占总数的23.0%、19.3%和16.7%;44岁以上的超重人员比较多,体育教师的BMI值及超重和肥胖的比例随年龄的增长有增长的趋势,男体育教师的超重及肥胖的比例高于女体育教师,肥胖较容易发生在60-74岁之间,体育教师晚睡晚起,缺乏健康饮食的关注,吸烟喝酒现象比较多,对自己所患疾病一直进行相关治疗的教师只占调查总人数的11.0%。     

Cardiorespiratory performance and physical activity in normal weight and overweight Finnish adolescents from 2003 to 2010

We investigated changes in cardiorespiratory performance, BMI and leisure-time physical activity among Finnish adolescents from 2003 to 2010. In addition, we compared cardiorespiratory performance levels between normal weight and overweight adolescents, grouped according to their physical activity. Participants were a national representative samples of 15–16-year-old adolescents in their final (ninth) year of comprehensive school in 2003 (n = 2258) and in 2010 (n = 1301). They performed an endurance shuttle run test and reported their height and weight and leisure time physical activity on a questionnaire. Results showed no significant secular changes in cardiorespiratory performance from 2003 to 2010. The mean BMI increased in boys. Leisure-time physical activity increased among normal weight girls. Adolescents of normal weight had better cardiorespiratory performance than those classified as overweight at both assessment points. BMI-adjusted physical activity was a significant determinant for cardiorespiratory performance among overweight adolescents, and very active overweight adolescents had similar cardiorespiratory performance levels as moderately active adolescents of normal weight. The results of the present study support the idea that the physical activity has the great importance for the cardiorespiratory performance in adolescents. Overweight adolescents, in particular, benefit from higher levels of physical activity.     

Attitudes Toward Overweight Individuals Among Fitness Center Employees

Our study assessed implicit and explicit evaluations of overweight individuals among a sample of fitness center employees (N = 70). Participants completed a general demographics questionnaire and an explicit, self-report Antifat Attitudes Test (AFAT). Participants also completed two Implicit Association Tests (IATs) to measure implicit attitudes toward overweight individuals. In one IAT, participants responded to pictures of overweight and thin individuals in a neutral context. A second IAT required participants to respond to pictures of the same individuals exercising on a treadmill. Consistent with hypotheses, average scores fell below the midpoint on the AFAT subscales, suggesting an absence of a significant explicit bias. The sample exhibited moderately strong implicit weight biases, however, in both the neutral (IAT D = .39) and exercise contexts (IAT D = .39). The findings do not support the premise that implicit biases against overweight individuals vary according to the context in which the judgments are made.     

Construct validation of physical activity surveys in culturally diverse older adults: a comparison of four commonly used questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to establish validity evidence of four physical activity (PA) questionnaires in culturally diverse older adults by comparing self-report PA with performance-based physical function. Participants were 54 older adults who completed the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance 10-item Test (CS-PFP10), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), HAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults, Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), and modified Baecke questionnaire. The total PASE score, three outcome scores for the CHAMPS, and three summary indices for the YPAS were significantly correlated with total CS-PFP10 score. The modified Baecke exhibited no correlations with CS-PFP10 scores. The PASE, CHAMPS, and YPAS appear to be the most valid PA self-report questionnaires for culturally diverse older adults.     

热量限制结合导引运动对中心性肥胖的临床效果

目的：辟谷是包含热量限制、导引运动等元素的中国传统养生方法,本研究借鉴辟谷将热量限制与导引运动结合应用于中心性肥胖患者,以观察其临床疗效并探讨其可行性和安全性。方法：招募23名中心性肥胖受试者进行为期7天的综合干预,观测受试者干预前后体重、腰围、体重指数（BMI）、身体成分及生理生化指标的变化。结果：综合干预后受试者的体重、BMI、腰围、体脂量均非常显著性降低（P<0.01）,但是骨骼肌、无脂体重显著减少（P<0.05）。血糖显著降低（P<0.01）,心率、血压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇未显示统计学差异。肝、肾功能指标无明显异常,主观反馈无明显不良反应。结论：热量限制结合导引运动有效帮助中心性肥胖患者缓解肥胖、控制体重,但同时存在无脂体重流失的风险。这为进一步完善干预方案和深入机理研究提供了理论参考与实践基础。     

不同指标用于2020年上海市20~59岁成年人超重与肥胖人群分布评价比较

目的：描述上海市20～59岁成年人体脂率（BF%）、身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）等形态指标人群分布特征,探讨BF%、BMI、WC的异同点。方法：基于2020年第五次国民体质监测上海市20～59岁成年人数据库,纳入26 826名研究对象,分析不同性别、年龄组成年人BF%、BMI、WC特征以及相关人群分布。结论：上海市成年男性WC随年龄增长而增大,成年女性BF%和WC随年龄的增长而增长。以BF%、BMI、WC 3个指标评判上海市20～59岁成年人超重与肥胖情况时存在着一定的差异。上海市成年男性以WC为标准检出肥胖率最高,以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率最高;上海市成年女性以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率及肥胖率最高。BMI与BF%相结合,或与WC相结合,可以反映身体脂肪含量及比例,以及脂肪分布。     

Motor fitness and preschooler children obesity status

The aim of this study was to examine the association between motor fitness (MF) and obesity status in preschool children.

The sample comprised 467 children aged 3–6 years. Preschool children body mass index was classi?ed according to International Obesity Task Force and categorised into three levels, normal, overweight and obesity. Total physical activity was assessed by accelerometer and MF test was assessed through two MF tests 10 × 5m shuttle run test (SRT) and a 7 m jumping distance on 2 feet test (J2F). Low MF was considered for MF if SD above 1. A single variable with three categories was created: low MF medium MF and high MF.

The prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obesity was 67.6%, 22.7% and 9.7%, respectively. The prevalence of SD > 1 for SRT was 13.7% and 14.4% for J2F, for single variable was 19.2%. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that obese preschoolers were more likely six times classified as having low MF level than their non-overweight counterparts (OR: 6.4; IC: 1.3–36.6).

This study showed a considerable prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschoolers. Obesity has already been associated with lower MF. Further longitudinal studies are needed to con?rm this data.     

不同体重中年人身体机能及素质比较分析

超重和肥胖与心血管病、糖尿病等的危险因素密切相关。身体指数(BMI)作为衡量肥胖程度的简便指标在国际上的应用一直比较广泛,近年来在我国也得到了普遍的认可。采用中国标准,选取沈阳市区40~59岁健康中年人158名为研究对象,由专业人员按照体质监测标准测试体重、身高、肺活量、台阶试验、握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立等指标。按BMI<18.5为低体重、18.5~25为正常体重、大于24为超重、大于28为肥胖分为4组比较分析。分析不同体重中年人的身体机能和身体素质的差异,以探讨体重对身体机能和素质影响。     

我国大学生隐形肥胖者的体质形态和体力特征

研究了我国大学生“隐形肥胖者”分布特点及形态和体力特征。对男女大学生各1200名进行体质测试,结果如下：1)男女隐形肥胖者分布比率为4．6％和10．3％;2)女性隐形肥胖者的BMI21和23组的腰围、腰围／臀围与对照组比较,有明显差异,而男子组却没有这种规律;3)男子在体力方面,隐形肥胖组中的BMI20、22、23组背力、握力、坐位体前屈和垂直纵跳,BMI21组的垂直纵跳,与对照组比较,明显下降。而女子除BMI各组背力外,均无明显差异;4)男子在运动能力方面,隐形肥胖组中的BMI各组除50m跑和立定跳远外,与对照组比较无明显差异,而女子除BMI22、23组50m跑和23组的立定跳远外,均无明显差异。研究表明女子隐形肥胖者是男子的2．24倍,在形态方面,女子隐形肥胖的腰围增大;而在体力方面,特别男子的肌肉力量和爆发力比较差。