试论网络环境下体育院校图书馆的信息资源建设

对中国体育院校图书馆的信息资源建设的现状及存在的共性问题进行了分析,论述了网络环境对体育院校图书馆信息资源结构、存储方式、服务方式和文献信息资源保障模式的影响,探讨了网络环境下体育院校图书馆信息资源建设的策略和方法。     

西数首推SAS硬盘

近日,西部数据公司宣布进入传统企业级存储市场,推出其首款采用SAS接口的硬盘WDS25。WDS25转速为10000RPM,外形尺寸采用标准2．5寸设计,最高容量达300GB。其高性能存储适用于高I／O的任务密集型企业服务器和存储应用,以及数据中心、大型数据阵列等领域。     

基于多子网复合复杂网络的公共交通网络研究

公共交通系统的本质是能够为居民的出行提供快速、便捷的服务。公共交通网络结构是公交系统的基础,其合理性与科学性直接影响了公交系统运行有效性和居民出行的便捷性。基于复杂网络理论的公交网络结构优化研究已成为解决此问题的新兴方法。但是,现有研究主要集中于公交网络的实证分析及其拓扑结构优化,而作为影响居民出行便捷性的地理信息因素很少被纳入网络模型中。为此,提出了一种能够描述公交网络与空间地理信息的复合公共交通网络模型。基于该模型基于该复合网络模型和居民小区的地理位置建立了公交线路居民小区复合网络,来描述公交线路对居民出行的影响并对公交系统的网络结构和居民出行的便捷性进行分析。     

ACE基因多态与有氧能力训练效果的相关性分析

目的探讨耐力训练对心肺功能的影响与ACE基因I/D(插入/缺失)多态性的关联性,为长跑运动员基因选材提供标准与实验方法.方法测定102名北方汉族新兵,经18周的5 km跑耐力训练前后最大耗氧量((V)O2max)和通气无氧阈(VT),并应用PCR-AFLP方法检测其ACE基因I/D多态,观察两者之间是否存在关联.结果ID型和II型的(V)O2max变化率(△%)显著高于DD型(P＜0.05);△VT时O2的变化率(△%)在基因型的组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05),并且II型的变化显著高于DD型(P＜0.05).结论ACE基因I/D多态与耐力训练对心肺功能的影响有一定关联.其中,I等位基因在(V)O2max和VT的训练敏感性方面具有较明显的遗传优势,而II基因型携带者对VT的耐力训练可能更敏感.     

《大学生体质健康标准》测试管理系统的研制

依据《学生体质健康标准》试行方案,结合教师对学生进行指标测试及体质健康评价的要求,应用计算机及网络技术,基于Internet/Intranet,并依托校园网,开发运行了《大学生体质健康标准》测试管理系统。具体阐述了系统的设计目标、方案、性能及特点,为完成大学生体质健康评定、积累测试资料,提供了简单、实用的操作平台;实现了校内各有关办公系统间数据传输与共享,降低了数据采集成本;将与全国学生体质健康网络工作和国民体质监测工作有机结合起来,对进一步推动全民健身计划的实施起着重要作用。     

网络传播对武术发展的影响及对策研究

武术是我国宝贵的优秀传统文化,将网络技术应用于古老的传统民族文化的传播具有深远和极其重要的意义。文章采用文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法,对网络传播对武术发展的影响展开较系统的调查,并在此基础上提出了武术发展相应的对策,为武术的网络传播提供理论指导。     

一、二、三、四届全运会田径成绩对比表

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基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的井场环境监测系统设计

本文针对油田井场环境复杂、监控难、安全事故易发难题,设计一套基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的井场环境监测系统,对井场环境参数进行有效监测.简述了监测系统总体结构及工作原理,并对系统传感器网络节点、协调器节点、上位机软件系统等进行设计,系统供电方面采用先进的太阳能供电技术,最终系统实现将井场环境因数进行数据采集传输并存储、显示.对系统测试结果表明,系统实现环境信息数据采集、数据自组织传输等功能,为井场环境监测以及安全生产提供了一种有效的解决方案.     

基于共轭分析的网络对抗效能评估

本文为了探讨影响网络对抗效能评估的众多因素,利用可拓学中的共轭分析进行研究。介绍了共轭分析原理中的虚实、软硬、潜显和负正这四对概念,并利用这四对概念分别从网络对抗系统的物质性、系统性、动态性和对立性这四个方面分析影响其效能的各种因素,为网络对抗效能评估提供了新的思路。     

基于PID控制的发动机恒转速控制系统的设计

针对发动机测控系统的恒转速测试,用LabVIEW的PID控制器设计了发动机恒转速控制系统。系统通过调节数采卡的模拟电压输出调节励磁电流的方式对测功系统负载进行控制,调节数采卡的脉冲输出和控制数字I/O的方式控制步进电机的运转从而实现对油门位置的控制,采用数字PID控制器。通过试验验证了系统的可行性。     

高原或低氧训练提高平原运动能力非血液学机制的思考

研究揭示在低氧或高原训练后,平原运动能力提高的主要机制是红细胞数和质量的增加引起的最大摄氧量提高。但低氧训练提高运动成绩除了血液学机制外,还可能经由非血液学机制获得:可能是由HIF-1在分子水平上所驱动的各种反应,也可能包括训练效率的提高,涉及到肌细胞内生物能和能量置换过程的偶联,从而引起线粒体效率提高以及肌肉pH调节和缓冲能力的增强等;还可能与骨骼肌内UCP3含量的变化有关,UCP3含量变化可影响跨线粒体膜的质子漏和氧化效率。综述了低氧训练引起运动成绩提高的非血液学机制,以期为丰富低氧训练方法和相关科学实验提供新的思路和参考。     

An integrated analysis of match-related fatigue in professional rugby league

This study examined the changes in external outputs, including metabolic power variables, and internal response whilst considering contextual factors on physical performance variables during rugby league match play. Physical performance (total distance, high-speed running and high-power distances, average metabolic power), heart-rate (percentage heart-rate peak and training impulse), collisions (attacking and defensive) and contextual (time in attack, time in defence, time out of play) data were collected from 18 rugby league players during 38 games throughout two National Rugby League seasons. Physical variables were highest in the first 10-min period of each half (P < 0.001). Heart-rate indices peaked in the second 10-min period and were lower during second half periods (P < 0.001). Few differences existed in collisions and contextual factors across 10-min periods. Physical variables were highest during the first 5-min period compared to the final (P < 0.001). There was no difference in heart-rate response, attacking collisions or contextual factors between these periods. Following the peak 5-min period in the match, there were reductions in physical, heart-rate, defensive collisions and contextual factors (P < 0.001). The data show temporal changes in physical performance, heart-rate response and collisions during rugby league match play, although these are affected by contextual factors.     

Moderate-domain pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and endurance running performance

The aims of this study were to determine if the primary time constant (tau) for oxygen uptake (VO2) at the onset of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise is related to endurance running performance, and to establish if tau could be considered a determinant of endurance running performance. Thirty-six endurance trained male runners performed a series of laboratory tests, on separate days, to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the ventilatory threshold (VT) and running economy. In addition, runners completed six transitions from walking (4 km x h-1) to moderate-intensity running (80% VT) for the determination of the VO2 primary time constant and mean response time. During all tests, pulmonary gas-exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Endurance running performance was determined using a treadmill 5-km time-trial, after which runners were considered as combined performers (n=36) and, using a ranking system, high performers (n=10) and low performers (n=10). Relationships between tau and endurance running performance were quantified using correlation coefficients (r). Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the primary predictor variables of endurance running performance in combined performers. Moderate correlations were observed between tau, mean response time and endurance running performance, but only for the combined performers (r=-0.55, P=0.001 and r=-0.50, P=0.002, respectively). The regression model for predicting 5-km performance did not include tau or mean response time. The velocity at VO2max was strongly correlated to endurance running performance in all groups (r=0.72 - 0.84, P < 0.01) and contributed substantially to the prediction of performance. In conclusion, the results suggest that despite their role in determining the oxygen deficit and having a moderate relationship with endurance running performance, neither tau nor mean response time is a primary determinant of endurance running performance.     

青少年竞走运动员的心理诊断

采用"福莱斯特心理负荷症状调查表 "对影响竞走运动员的竞赛心理因素进行测试和研究.结果说明:不同因素使不同性别、组别、年龄的竞走运动员参赛时的心理表现不同.各种不利因素的出现使运动员主要产生"这是我经常失败的原因"和"成绩总是不好"的心理.生理因素的影响是造成运动员经常失败的原因之一.认知因素和刺激因素的出现使运动员的心理表现主要为"这一情况对我无所谓",其次是"激励我去夺取优异成绩".影响成绩的因素主要为"失眠"、"情绪过于紧张"和"出师不利"、"自我感觉身体不适,竞技状态不佳".     

Influence of the Diameter of the Hammer Head On the Distance of a Hammer Throw

Although a generally positive effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance has been demonstrated, the specific nature of the relationship between exercise-induced arousal and cognitive performance remains unclear. This study was designed to identify the relationship between exercise-induced arousal and cognitive performance for the central and peripheral components of a response time task at two different levels of task difficulty. Sixteen male participants performed both simple and choice response time tasks at eight different arousal levels (from 20% to 90% heart rate reserve). Performance on the simple and choice response time tasks was examined after fractionating the response time into its central component, premotor time, and peripheral components, motor, and movement time. A priori trend analysis was used to test both linear and quadratic relationships. Results indicated that exercise-induced arousal has a positive influence on the peripheral components of response time tasks; however, it has a limited impact on the central components of these tasks.     

更好地认识顾拜旦(Ⅲ)

《顾拜旦与国际奥林匹克委员会》和《顾拜旦与业余主义》是本期介绍的两篇译文,它们分别由法国顾拜旦委员会副主任纳瓦赛勒(Gelffroy de Navacele)和秘书长罗丹富赛尔(Jean Rodenfuser)所著。文章介绍了顾拜旦发起成立国际奥委会的经过和他在建会时所确定的原则,这些原则至今仍为《奥林匹克宪章》所遵循。关于“业余主义”,从1894年第1部《宪章》就坚持职业运动员不得参加奥运会,但自1972年以来,这一规定开始松动,以致后来在《宪章》中取消了这一规定。究竟顾拜旦对“业余主义”是什么态度,作者作了论述。     

我国射击运动员面临的出国参赛环境及其应对措施

运用访谈调查、问卷调查、追踪测试等研究方法，对影响我国射击运动员出国参赛环境的因 素及其应对措施进行了研究，针对第２７届奥运会这一具体赛事的参赛环境进行了探讨。研究 结论：１）我国射击运动员出国参赛所面临的环境因素既包括促进成绩发挥的环境因素，也有 不利于成绩发挥的环境因素。２）我国射击运动员出国参赛所面临的主要不利环境因素有：靶 场条件（场地、设备、光线及背景，尤其是赛场的风）、气候、时差、旅途／交通及饮食。３ ）针对不利环境因素，应采取的应对措施是：以培养运动员的积极心态为指导思想，以模拟 训练、认知调节、信息回避法（与注意指向训练相结合）为具体的调节手段。４）我国射击运 动员参加第２７届奥运会可能面临的不利参赛环境因素有：时差与飞行时间、过强的紫外线、 赛场气氛、靶场条件等。５）从国家射击队对第２７届奥运会参赛环境及其应对措施的反馈来看 ，本研究对于第２７届奥运会所面临的不利参赛环境因素的预测及所提出的应对措施是有效的 。     

Effect of hyperoxia during the rest periods of interval training on perceptual recovery and oxygen re-saturation time

The effect of hyperoxic gas supplementation on the recovery time of oxygen saturation levels (S(a)O(2)), and its effect on perceptual recovery were assessed. Seven national-level kayak athletes completed two laboratory-based ergometer sessions of 6 × 3-min maximal aerobic intervals, with 2 min recovery between repetitions. During each recovery period, athletes either inhaled a hyperoxic gas (99.5 ± 0.2 % F(I)O(2)) or were given no external supplementation (control). Mean power output, stroke rate, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected during each interval repetition, and the intensity was matched between trials. During each 2-min recovery period, post-exercise haemoglobin saturation levels were measured via pulse oximetry (S(p)O(2)), and the time taken for the S(p)O(2) to return to pre-exercise values was recorded. Subsequently, a rating of perceived recovery quality was collected. There were no differences in the levels of post-exercise de-saturation between the hyperoxic and control trials (P < 0.05), although the recovery time of S(p)O(2) was significantly faster in the hyperoxic trial (P < 0.05). There was no influence of oxygen supplementation on the athletes' perception of recovery quality. Hyperoxic gas supplementation during the recovery periods between high-intensity intervals substantially improves the recovery time of S(p)O(2) with no likely influence on recovery perception.     

Prediction of elite schoolboy 2000-m rowing ergometer performance from metabolic,anthropometric and strength variables

In 19 elite schoolboy rowers, the relationships between anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, strength variables and 2000-m rowing ergometer performance time were analysed to test the hypothesis that a combination of these variables would predict performance better than either individual variables or one category of variables. Anthropometric characteristics, maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2m ax ), accumulated oxygen deficit, net efficiency, leg strength and 2000-m rowing ergometer time were measured. Body mass, V O 2max and knee extension correlated with 2000-m performance time (r = -0.41, -0.43 and-0.40, respectively; P 0.05), while net efficiency and accumulated oxygen deficit did not. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that the prediction model using anthropometric variables alone best predicts performance (R = 0.82), followed by the equation comprising body mass, V O 2max and skinfolds (R = 0.80). Although the regression equations increased the predictive power from that obtained using single variables, the hypothesis that a prediction model consisting of variables from different physiological categories would predict performance better than variables from one physiological category was not supported.     

Prediction of 2000 m indoor rowing performance using a 30 s sprint and maximal oxygen uptake

The aim of this study was to predict indoor rowing performance in 12 competitive female rowers (age 21.3 - 3.6 years, height 1.68 - 0.54 m, body mass 67.1 - 11.7 kg; mean - s ) using a 30 s rowing sprint, maximal oxygen uptake and the blood lactate response to submaximal rowing. Blood lactate and oxygen uptake ( V O 2 ) were measured during a discontinuous graded exercise test on a Concept II rowing ergometer incremented by 25 W for each 2 min stage; the highest V O 2 measured during the test was recorded as V O 2max (mean = 3.18 - 0.35 l· min -1 ). Peak power (380 - 63.2 W) and mean power (368 - 60.0 W) were determined using a modified Wingate test protocol on the Concept II rowing ergometer. Rowing performance was based on the results of the 2000 m indoor rowing championship in 1997 (466.8 - 12.3 s). Laboratory testing was performed within 3 weeks of the rowing championship. Submitting mean power (Power), the highest and lowest five consecutive sprint power outputs (Maximal and Minimal), percent fatigue in the sprint test (Fatigue), V O 2max (l· min -1 ), V O 2max (ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ), V O 2 at the lactate threshold, power at the lactate threshold (W), maximal lactate concentration, lactate threshold (percent V O 2max ) and V E max (l·min -1 ) to a stepwise multiple regression analysis produced the following model to predict 2000 m rowing performance: Time 2000 =- 0.163 (Power)14.213 ·( V O 2max l· min -1 ) + 0.738· (Fatigue) + 567.259 ( R 2 = 0.96, standard error = 2.89). These results indicate that, in the women studied, 75.7% of the variation in 2000 m indoor rowing performance time was predicted by peak power in a rowing Wingate test, while V O 2max and fatigue during the Wingate test explained an additional 12.1% and 8.2% of the variance, respectively.