Poison avoidance and patch (location) selection in rats

Thirsty rats were tested on a four-armed radial maze with three water locations and one distinctive taste location (saccharin). Rats that were injected with lithium chloride after drinking a novel saccharin solution visited the saccharin location less than did unpoisoned animals, primarily during the later portions of the test sessions. When saccharin was moved to a different location, previously poisoned rats rapidly avoided the new saccharin location and increased visits to the original saccharin location, now rebaited with water. A similar pattern of learned avoidance and approach was obtained in Experiment 2 with three water locations and one vacant location (no water). These results indicate that: (1) sampling the contents of alternative patches mediates both learning to avoid the location of an aversive substance and returning to a newly viable patch, and (2) avoiding the location of a novel substance after a single poisoning occurs because the location does not contain an edible substance, not because of an aversion conditioned to environmental cues.     

Investigating the structural relationship for the determinants of cloud computing adoption in education

This research is one of the first few to investigate the adoption and usage of cloud computing in higher education in the context of developing countries, in this case Thailand. It proposes extending the technology acceptance model to integrate subjective norm, perceived convenience, trust, computer self-efficacy, and software functionality in order to better understand the degree of influence that each has on the adoption of cloud in an educational setting. The instrument development was modified from past studies on technology adoption. Data was collected from two leading universities in Thailand, Mahidol University International College, and Thammasat University. Structural equation modeling was applied to the research, the results of which illustrated that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, perceived convenience, trust, and software functionality have a statistically positive relationship towards the adoption of cloud computing. However, it is interesting to note that, contrary to most studies, computer self-efficacy and subjective norm did not posit a positive relationship. The research also presents the conclusions, which include a discussion of the findings, the academic and practical implications, and limitations.     

Novelty and partibility as determinants of hoarding in the albino rat

Experiments on object preferences indicate that there are at least two characteristics that induce albino rats to hoard inedible objects: partible objects are hoarded in preference to nonpartible objects, and novelty results in hoarding when other object-characteristics are controlled. In addition, novel objects may be hoarded by food-deprived rats in preference to food pellets. Hoarding can therefore be integrated into a number of other motivational systems. It is suggested that an incentive concept is necessary to explain hoarding preferences in this species.     

On desirability of parsimony in structural equation model selection

This article is concerned with issues in structural equation model selection that pertain to the general utility of the well‐known principle of parsimony. An example is provided using data generated by a relatively nonparsimonious simplex model and fitted rather well by a parsimonious growth curve model that belongs to a different class of models. Implications for empirical research are subsequently discussed, with emphasis on the extent to which one may be willing to routinely use parsimony as the only principle to follow in structural model selection.     

循环环的结构性质

借助循环群的性质和群的同态性质证明了循环群和整数的一些性质,并通过讨论不同剩余类环中同阶子环的同构关系,给出了一个循环环的同构类型性质的结构定理的新证明.     

Value orientations as determinants and outcomes of conflicts between on-task and off-task actions in the classroom

Off-task behavior in the classroom was conceptualized as a manifestation of students pursuing goals they bring into the classroom aside from achievement goals. Regulation during on-task and off-task behavior in action conflict scenarios was elaborated on using the constructs motivational interference and flow. It was argued that achievement and well-being values that students hold can be determinants as well as outcomes of these conflict experiences. Data from 697 students (mean age 13.43) was collected at two time points within one school year. Results supported a reciprocal model in which value orientations (t1) lead to conflict variables (t2) as well as conflict variables (t1) to value orientations (t2).     

Race and performance of student as determinants of teacher nonverbal behavior

This study tested the hypotheses that the nonverbal behavior of teachers is affected by the race and performance of their students. Fifty-six white college-age subjects, acting as teachers, were led to praise successful or unsuccessful students. The students were either white or black. Stimulus teachers' nonverbal behavior was recorded, and silent samples of their behavior were shown to naive judges who rated how pleased they appeared to be with their student. Results showed that stimulus teachers were more pleased with successful than unsuccessful students, and more pleased with white than black students.     

效率与公平的抉择和人的全面发展

社会主义的发展目标是促进人的全面发展, 社会主义的效率与公平, 必须由促进人的全面发展来定义。是否有利于人的全面发展是社会主义效率与公平的衡量标准, 效率与公平都是人借以实现自己本质力量的方式, 是人的全面发展的两大基石, 因此, 实现人的全面发展, 要求我们必须兼顾效率与公平, 实现效率与公平的统一。     

专业二级学院:大学人力资源管理活动的主体

随着校院二级管理体制的建立，当代大学人力资源管理的主体发生了变迁，专业二级学院开始拥有在本院范围内进行人力资源的规划、任用、调控、评价、培训等权力。作为大学人力资源管理的主体，专业二级学院的人力资源管理方式有其自身特色：重视管理的人本化、科学化、弹性化和民主化。     

教师仍然是最好的教学资源——现代远程教育中远程课堂教学的回顾与前瞻性分析

远程课堂教学是远程教育的一种有效的教学方式,到目前为止还是一个前瞻性的概念.它是指在自主学习条件下,教学者在虚拟的教学环境中有目的、有计划、有组织地利用多种视频技术对学习者进行的实时教学过程.远程课堂教学是激发学生内部状态的最佳教学过程,是学生最喜爱的学习方式.     

The Sociopedagogical Resource of the Countryside as a Factor in Its Development

An analysis of the problem of the sociopedagogical resource of the countryside as a factor of its development in Russia shows that changes in rural areas have put at risk the future opportunities of young people. What is need is to harness all of the resources found in the village to the task of strengthening the upbringing and aspirations of rural youth.     

试论将学生经验作为课程资源的开发策略

学生经验作为课程资源具有四个特点:信息量大、差异性强、潜在性、价值内生性.笔者提出差异引发共享、经验生发点探寻及补充、拓展教材三种开发策略.     

Birth order and sex of sibling as determinants of mother-infant interaction.

Mother-infant interaction was assessed on 32 first- and second-born siblings when each was 3 months old. Data were colleted during 2 6-hour naturalistic home observations using a modified time-sampling technique. The sample consisted of 4 equal-size subgroups of same and opposite sex sibling pairs. Results suggested that interaction between a mother and her infant varied depending on the birth order and gender of the infant. Mothers spent significantly less time in social, affectionate, and caretaking interaction (except for feeding activities) with their second borns than they had with their firstborns; this difference was greater if the second born was female. Certain patterns of maternal behaviors appeared to be stable from one sibling to the other. Different types of interaction between the mothers and their younger infants were related to attention-seeking behavior in the firstborn male and female siblings.     

使用有限元法预测针织结构复合材料热-弹性性能

预测纺织增强复合材料的热-弹性性能是一项十分重要和复杂的课题．本采用有限元方法对玻璃纤维针织结构增强复合材料的正交各向异性热弹性性能进行了预测分析，并和试验结果进行了比较．为了得到针织线圈增强结构的三维空间形态，本考虑了相邻线圈之间的相互滑移作用和大位移变形，采用不考虑摩擦作用的接触单元建立线圈有限元模型．     

Reward sequence and reinforcement level as determinants of S− behavior in differential conditioning

In two differential conditioning experiments, groups of 10 rats each differed with respect to average reward and schedule of reward received in S+. Nonreward (N) occurred on all S? trials. In both experiments, extinction of responding to S? (resistance to discrimination) was extensively regulated by reward sequence and was largely independent of average reward. In Experiment 1, resistance to discrimination was a function of transitions from N to rewarded (R) trials (N-R transitions). In Experiment 2, resistance to discrimination was increased by large reward on the R trial of N-R transitions and decreased by large reward on the R trial of R-N transitions. These schedule effects on resistance to discrimination parallel the effects of comparable schedules on resistance to extinction following partial reinforcement. The results are discussed in terms of sequential theory, reinforcement level theory, and their implications for various schedule manipulations that have previously shown S? behavior to be inversely related to average reward in S+.     

使用有限元法预测针织结构复合材料热-弹性性能(英文)

预测纺织增强复合材料的热弹性性能是一项十分重要和复杂的课题 .本文采用有限元方法对玻璃纤维针织结构增强复合材料的正交各向异性热弹性性能进行了预测分析 ,并和试验结果进行了比较 .为了得到针织线圈增强结构的三维空间形态 ,本文考虑了相邻线圈之间的相互滑移作用和大位移变形 ,采用不考虑摩擦作用的接触单元建立线圈有限元模型 .