The Tasmanian nursing student population: A study of the demographic characteristics of hospital and higher education cohorts

This study reports the findings from a study of nursing students in hospital and higher education programs in the state of Tasmania. Analysis was performed on data supplied by students on a questionnaire. No significant difference was found on the gender composition of the two institutional groups. Recruits to higher education programs were more likely to delay entry after the completion of secondary school than were their hospital colleagues. There was no difference in the geographical location of the high school attended by students which suggests that country students will not be disadvantaged by the national transfer of nurse education into the mainstream of higher education.     

THE CHANGING SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF NURSING STUDENTS IN NEW SOUTH WALES

This study had two major aims: 1) to establish a reliable data base on the social and demographic origins of nursing students in New South Wales universities since the introduction of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) and the change from diploma to degree level programs; and 2) to compare the social and demographic origins of nursing students in higher education programs in 1995 with the data base established by Wright in New South Wales in 1986 to detect changes over time. Comparison of data from the 1986 group (N=447) and the 1995 group (N=512) revealed that there was a no significant difference between the two cohorts on the socio‐economic variable. There was, however, a significant difference in the SES variable between the 1986 and 1995 sample for the female group. From a household perspective, there was a significant difference in the number of siblings, and income received by the mother between the 1986 and 1995 cohorts. In addition, no support was found for the assertion that country students would be disadvantaged with the move to higher education programs. It was also found that almost 79.3% of the 1995 group chose to delay their HECS payment until they entered the workforce.     

Student Participation in Nursing Programs: a Study of their Social Composition Since the Transfer to Colleges of Advanced Education in New South Wales

This paper compares the social origins of 400 nursing students in hospital‐based and 448 nursing students in college‐based programs in New South Wales. Using a specially constructed composite socioeconomic variable for comparison, the preliminary analysis suggests that a middle class bias, presumed to exist by some in the selection of recruits to hospital‐based programs, does not operate in the selection of college recruits. The soundly equitable college recruitment pattern is more marked for females than males. There is a greater proportion recruited to college programs from the group who have delayed entry for more than ten years after leaving school. For students entering directly from school, no significant difference was found in the composite socioeconomic variable in hospital and college programs. The findings also suggest that college programs are more attractive than hospital programs to males entering directly from school.     

The Social and Demographic Characteristics of Direct and Delay Entry Nursing Students in Australian Universities

This national study compares the social and demographic characteristics of direct and delay entry nursing students in a earlier group of 1551 students in higher education programs (1987‐1990) with the national study group of 2295 students sampled in 1995. Using a specially constructed socio‐economic variable for comparison the analyses demonstrated a significant difference in the socio‐economic level of the household for the direct entry group but not for the delay entry group. There was also a significant difference between males and females in their direct and delay entry patterns. Further, there was a significant difference in the location of school attended for most of their secondary education for the direct entry group but not for the delay entry group. For both direct and delay entry students there was a significant difference in the number of siblings, the level of education attained by the mother and the income received by the mother in the households of the earlier and latter study groups.     

160名省内外实习护生心理健康状况调查

目的研究省内外实习护生的心理健康状况及差异,为进一步提高临床带教整体水平提供理论依据。方法采用SCL-90自评量表对在本院实习的160名来自省内外多家院校的实习护生进行问卷调查。结果省外实习护生相对省内实习护生各因子分及其阳性项目数构成百分比均较高,差异显著;实习护生总体与全国常模相比较除恐怖和精神病性两因子较高外,其他各因子分均低于常模。结论我院实习护生的带教工作可在继续发扬光大原带教模式的基础上更关注省外护生的心理健康状况及实习护生总体中存在的共性心理问题,必要时提供个别心理援助。     

Different Cultures but Similar Positive Attitudes: A Comparison between Thai and Swedish Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Older People

The proportion of elderly people in the world's population is growing. Thailand and Sweden have disparate cultural traditions of caring for older people, though both countries are facing a larger population of older people. Sweden and Thailand are involved in several cooperative projects and exchange programs for nursing students in this area, raising the questions of if and how the different cultures of gerontological care influence students’ attitudes in the issue. The aim of the study was to compare Swedish and Thai nursing students’ attitudes towards older people. A convenience sample of 241 Thai nursing students and 299 Swedish nursing students participated in the study. The Kogan's Old People Scale, a 34-item questionnaire, was used in this research. The questionnaire consists of 17 positive (OP+) statements and 17 negative (OP-) statements and uses a Likert scale. Concerning attitudes towards older people, there was no significant difference in Swedish and Thai students’ positive scores in the distribution across the groups. In contrast, these students did differ on negative scores across countries (p = .001). This was understood to be related to age; the Swedish students’ higher age was positively associated with their positive attitudes; as the age increased, the students’ scores were also higher. Attitudes towards older people are not only influenced by cultural values, norms, and social structures, they also have a foundation in gerontological knowledge and experiences. Education addressing cultural awareness of negative ageism should be incorporated into all aspects of education, not just gerontological courses.     

医学教育临床实践新规定下护理教学的调查研究

目的：探讨医学教育临床实践新规定下的护理教育需要采取的措施,为护理教学改革提供思路。方法：对5名临床护理带教教师和3名护理专业教师进行访谈,对400名在校护理系大专学生进行自行设计的问卷调查。结果：临床带教护士、护理专业教师、护理系学生均认为该新规定下护理专业学生临床实习面临更大挑战;89．25％的学生认为如在实习时被患者拒绝会产生沮丧心理;要想被病人接纳并进行操作,95．43％的学生认为要具备较强的护理搡作技能;83．33％的学生认为人际沟通能力也很重要;66．40％学生认为要加强临床思维能力的动l练。结论：在临床实践新规定的背景下,护理教育应加大经费投入,重视并加强护生护理实践技能培训、临床思维能力和人文素质的培养。     

University education for all? Barriers to full inclusion of students with disabilities in Australian universities

In Australia, anti-discrimination legislation and government policies have been introduced which aim to facilitate the inclusion of people with disabilities in employment and education. However in the area of nursing, attitudinal barriers persist that effectively hinder the full participation of people with disabilities in nurse education programs. These attitudinal barriers prevail despite such legislative and policy changes, and run counter to changing community views about disability. Normative assumptions about the ideal attributes of nurses appear to influence these attitudes, especially in the area of admission of students with disabilities to nurse education programs per se, and to their participation in the practicum component of nurse education programs. This paper reports on research conducted in Victoria, Australia, by nurse academics and equity practitioners at three Victorian universities, into the barriers facing such students. The research examined the views of undergraduate student nurses, their lecturers and their clinical educators, nurse clinicians, and university disability practitioners about the participation of people with disabilities in nurse education programs. The research also sought to document their responses to a framework, developed through the research that aims to facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities in undergraduate nursing programs. It did this against a pluralistic and technological milieu that in the researchers' view requires a more diverse mix within the nursing profession.     

护理高职专业就业调查分析

调查对象为2012年高职专科护理专业毕业的学生,调查内容为工作性质、就业岗位(包括专升本)、工作地点、满意程度、收入状况、是否护理工作等六项,结果是学生以省市级医院及省市等大城市就业为主,大部分学生对自己的工作持满意态度,收入状况在1000-2000元为主,有超过1/3的学生没有从事护理工作。主要讨论护理教育层次对高职护理学生的冲击,高职护理专业就业存在的主要问题及高校护理教育存在的问题和改进方向。     

电大护理学专业毕业实习考核方法初探

成功的护理人才是学历、技能皆具备的护理人员。电大开放教育专科护理学专业毕业实习成绩的评定分医院成绩和终结性考核成绩两部分。医院和学校联合对技能操作与护理运用双重测评,对于强化学生理论知识,加强护理技能,提高护理水平有非常重要的意义。终结考核在医院展开,可以带动临床护理的规范性,促使学校教学相长     

Student perceptions of learning environment: disciplinary program versus general education classrooms

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine student perceptions of the learning environment in their program major and general education classrooms. The participants were 870 undergraduate students majoring in engineering, fine arts, education, economics and nursing programs at a university in Thailand. We found significant differences in the perceptions of the classroom learning environment across various disciplines. Engineering and economics students perceived the learning environment in general education classrooms as more cooperative than the learning environment in program major classrooms. Fine arts and nursing students perceived greater involvement among students in the program major classrooms than in the general education classrooms. Our findings contribute to the body of research on inter-disciplinary differences in classroom learning environments in universities and the ways in which these differences may impact student learning outcomes.     

Potencial De La Educación a Distancia Para Reducir Brechas De Aprendizaje En Educación Superior: Una Mirada Al Caso Colombiano

ABSTRACT

One of the main needs of Latin America, besides education coverage, is to reduce learning gaps in higher education. In order to respond to such need, many strategies have been designed, worldwide, to impact the demand and provision of higher education programs. Among these strategies we can find grants and scholarships, financial aids, and others. Many have been the options that have been proposed to raise the provision of higher education programs, such as offering technology-supported education modalities like blended-learning, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and distance and online education. This paper aims to explore the potential of the provision of distance education programs to close learning gaps in Colombia’s higher education. In order to do so, we present an estimatation of the effects that students and programs characteristics can have on the results of the test “Saber PRO” (a Colombian standardized test that measures the level of competences developed by students in different higher education programs). This estimation was done applying a mixed model (Hierarchical Linear Modeling-HLM) based on the information of 451,358 students who were assessed in their last phase of their university major. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018.

The econometrics estimations show that controlling individuals’ backgrounds and the characteristics of different academic programs, the variables that were highly associated with the reduction of learning gaps among individuals registered in distance programs compared to face-to-face programs are the students’ age and their cognitive backgrounds (grades in standardized tests taken before their undergraduate studies). The results show that we could expect distance education to become an efficient mechanism to contribute to the reduction of learning gaps in higher education. The quantitative findings suggest a series of research questions that invite to reflect about the potential of distance education in medium-income countries.     

A comparison of students enrolled in nontraditional and traditional graduate education programs in terms of grade point average and graduate record examination scores

The quality of graduate students enrolled in nontraditional, field-based education was compared to that of graduate students in traditional, on-campus professional education degree programs through grade point average (GPA) and graduate record examination scores. The comparison of mean scores indicated that there is no statistically significant difference (P<.05) between the two groups of students. It was concluded that there is no difference in quality of students enrolled in the two types of graduate programs.     

The challenges of online nursing education

To meet the current critical need for qualified nurses, many colleges have initiated online programs, primarily aimed towards registered nurse (RN) to BS students. Despite the growing number of online nursing programs, there is little research on instructor views of online learning. This study used interviews to investigate nursing instructor experiences in online learning. Results revealed instructor concerns with identifying the most effective assessment methods to judge students' ability to apply their lessons in real-world settings. Online nursing exhibits unique challenges, such as providing nursing students with online authentic learning experiences that relate to real-world nursing situations, which comprise both high-stake medical and interpersonal elements. Results also indicated that providing support and ensuring that the faculty have sufficient time to develop effective courses, with adequate assessment for the students, is necessary to ensure the quality of online nursing education.     

Second-Year Nursing Students’ Retention of Gross Anatomical Knowledge

Human anatomy is a foundational course in nursing education, however, there is growing concern that students do not retain enough anatomical knowledge to successfully apply it in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to determine retention level of anatomy knowledge among second-year nursing students from their first-year anatomy class, and to determine if there is a difference in level of retention based on organ system. For each system, second-year students were asked to answer 9 to 11 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), and the scores from these quizzes were compared to matched test items from their first-year anatomy examinations. There was a significant decrease in the overall mean score from 83.05 ± 8.34 (±SD) in first year to 54.36 ±12.9 in second year (P = 0.0001). Retention levels were system specific. System-specific knowledge retention was highest for the gastrointestinal system (89.7%), respiratory system (88.5%), and genitourinary system (83.6%). This was followed by the integumentary system (80.1%), special senses (79.4%), nervous system (74.9%), and musculoskeletal system (69.3%). Retention was lowest for the lymphatic system (64.3%), cranial nerves (58.8%), vascular system (53.9%), and head and neck (42.6%). The present study shows that nursing students’ anatomy knowledge retention was comparatively higher than rates reported by others in medical and allied-health students. The researchers are now investigating knowledge retention in third- and fourth-year nursing students. Further investigation into why retention is higher for specific systems and intervention strategies to improve knowledge acquisition and retention in nursing students is recommended.     

Students’ Perceptions of Priorities in Nurse Education: Research Findings and their Curriculum Implications

A credible assumption is that the success of any curriculum intended for adult students is a function of the match between the curriculum and the needs and aspirations of participating students. This assumption provided a basis for investigating the educational priorities of students undertaking nurse education programs in selected N.S.W. colleges of advanced education. The investigation involved a longitudinal study together with several comparative studies. The findings of the studies present a picture of groups of students who are ambivalent towards many of the objectives and priorities of their vocational programs. The origins of that ambivalence appear to reside both in a restricted view of the nurse's role and in anxieties and doubts which students have about their clinical experience and competence. The ambivalence experienced by the students appeared to be working to divert their attention, if not to alienate them altogether, from aspects of their programs and indeed from the vision of nursing which college curricula are intended to foster. Possible responses to the challenges presented by the findings of the studies are canvassed.     

高职医学生实习前就业相关问题的探索——以襄阳职业技术学院为例

目的了解医学类专业学生对就业问题的看法,以利于进行针对性的就业指导。方法对襄阳职业技术学院2011级845名大学生（男593人、女252人）,分三个专业（临床347人、护理372人、药学126人）进行匿名问卷调查,进行χ2检验分析。结果药学类、临床类专业的大学生对自己第一份工作的薪酬期望都在2 000元左右,护理类的学生在2 000-3 000元之间,三个专业之间具有较高统计学差异（χ2=88.292,P=0.000）;就业指导方面：48.7%大学生认为成功就业的重要因素是就业出路指导（招聘信息的提供）,27.9%的被调查者选择了个人素质能力的培养,13.5%的选择了应试技巧训练,具有较高统计学差异（χ2=38.967,P=0.000）;就业时工作地域的取向调查结果表明：大多数学生选择了中小城市,排列第二的是经济发达城市;同中有异的是护理学生选择经济发达城市较多,临床学生选择基层乡镇的较多,具有较高统计学差异（χ2=51.950,P=0.000）;学生就业失败时取向调查结果表明：排列顺序为大部分选择继续求职（48.9%）、继续求学（20.3%）、自主创业（14.0%）,少部分选择普通打工（11.0%）,但是临床类学生首选继续求学,护理与药学类学生首选继续求职,选择自主创业的临床与护理类学生也为数不少,具有较高统计学差异（χ2=106.560,P=0.000）;就业地点与恋爱关系遇到可能冲突时的选择调查结果表明：排列顺序为大部分选择以自己为主（58.7%）、爱情至上（21.8%）、具有较高统计学差异（χ2=106.560,P=0.000）。结论社会应当视解决学生就业为头等大事,根据专业性质不同,针对性地提供招聘就业信息,培训应聘技巧和素质能力,指导学生根据学历现状选择就业地点与工资水平,及时提高学历,树立正确的就业观和恋爱观。     

Students' conceptions of learning in different educational contexts

The aim of this study is to investigate students' conceptions of learning in different educational contexts, and analyze to what extent conceptions are contextually dependent. Student nurses and car mechanic students are chosen as two groups, and qualitative similarities and differences between the students are described and explained in terms of the educational contexts: nursing education and car mechanic education.The study is 'qualitative by its nature, and the phenomenographic approach and grounded theory are taken as the points of departure. Data for the cross-section study were collected through individual interviews with student nurses (n = 60) and car mechanic students (n = 54). Different groups of students were interviewed at the beginning and at the end of the educational programs.As a result of the analysis, qualitative similarities and differences in students' conceptions were found. Differences among students within a program were, however, fewer than differences among students participating in different programs. In comparing groups of students within the programs, similar trends of development could be identified. Students within both programs used more developed conceptions at the end than at the beginning of the programs. The differences found within and between the student groups could be explained in terms of educational contexts. The results thus showed that conceptions were to some extent contextually dependent.     

基于积极心理学的"护理心理学"课程改革对军校护理专业本科生主观幸福感的效果评价

目的:对军校护理专业学生进行基于积极心理学的"护理心理学"课程改革,评价干预对提升学生主观幸福感的效果.方法:"护理心理学"课程教学内容中增加积极心理学内容,课程开展期间学生持续2周每日自主记下当天发生的3件让其感到幸福的事情.干预前后采用主观幸福感问卷对某军校护理学专业三年级36名学生的生活满意度、积极态度和消极态度进行两次测量.结果:干预前后学生的积极态度有明显差异(t=-2.172,p=0.037),生活满意度和消极态度无明显差异.结论:基于积极心理学的"护理心理学"课程改革有效提升了军校护理专业学生的积极态度.