The Freudenstein equation Design of four-link mechanisms

Ferdinand Freudenstein is widely acknowledged to be the father of modern kinematics of mechanisms and machines. His PhD thesis in 1954 and subsequent research papers by him and his students have influenced academic and industrial research, teaching and practice related to the analysis and design of mechanisms and machines throughout the world. In this article, we revisit Freudenstein’s thesis and the equation named after him. The Freudenstein equation results from an analytical approach towards analysis and design of four-link mechanisms which, along with its variants, are present in a large number of machines used in daily life.     

索绪尔及其现代语言学思想试评

费尔迪南·德·索绪尔提出了与前人截然不同的语言概念,他分析了语言特性并为研究语言提供了崭新的方法,他的语言理论,极大地影响了后世语言学的诸多流派,促进了语言研究的现代化。     

Sir alfred bray kempe — An amateur kinematician

A short biography of A B Kempe is followed by discussions on his contributions to mathematics in general and kinematics in particular. Kempe’s theorem, mechanisms for generating exact straight line, for rectilinear translation, palgiograph, angle trisector and focal mechanisms are presented.     

Saussure as the Founder of Modern Linguistics

Father of modern linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure has long been known to make outstanding contributions in the modern linguistics. This article focuses on his some basic theories in modern linguistics from three aspects: the object of linguistics, levels of linguistics and his explanations about dualities.     

以简驭繁神话的破灭——对罗兰·巴尔特《叙事作品结构分析导论》的思考

罗兰·巴尔特对结构主义理论兼具建构与颠覆作用,其早期力作《叙事作品结构分析导论》建基于索绪尔关于语言——言语的区分模式,以叙事作品结构为常体,力图超越并把握千变万化的叙事作品。本文联系罗兰·巴尔特前后期思想,批判地分析了《叙》一文在理论上的建树与缺憾。     

Citizens or cosmopolitans? Nationalism, internationalism, and academic identity in the early American republic

Historically, the changing roles of academics have often been associated with changing relations between scholarship and the state. What functions did the state expect scholars to fulfill? Using a historical–biographical approach, this essay considers the example of early nineteenth-century astronomer Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler, who immigrated to the United States from Switzerland in 1805 and whose contributions to various scientific projects during the next decade (i.e., the final decade of the Napoleonic Wars) revealed a key shift in modern academic identity—a shift from cosmopolitanism to nationalism shaped by the political anxieties and geopolitical uncertainties of his time. Hassler’s involvement with a US coastal survey and the construction of a US national observatory raised doubts about the extent to which a scholar (particularly an immigrant scholar) could be a “cosmopolitan” and a “servant of the state” simultaneously. Hassler, like others of his generation, failed to balance these competing and perhaps fundamentally incompatible roles. His case, together with his own commentary on his experiences, sheds light on similar dilemmas facing so-called global scholars today.     

浅析《阴谋与爱情》的悲剧性——从“道德”在悲剧中的作用谈起

戏剧作品《阴谋与爱情》是德国作家席勒的代表作之一,可以从所展现的费迪南、露易丝二人的爱情悲剧主题出发,结合他的理论著作,讨论席勒的创作思想与理念中的“道德”与“悲剧”的关系,从而研究“道德”在戏剧人物形象与情节中起到的内部影响与推进作用,并对整部作品的悲剧形成进行一定程度的讨论。并结合“道德”与“自然”两组目的性的对立,对作者笔下的激烈冲突与矛盾,有一个全新的把握与理解,最终得以探究“狂飙突进？运动时期的青年席勒独具匠心的文艺思想,与饱满鲜活的创作激情。     

Saussurian linguistics revisited: Can it inform our interpretation of mathematical activity?

This paper examines the basic notions of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) who was a preeminent figure in the development of linguistics and the foundation of structuralism. It suggests that a key aspect of twentieth century thought has been the growing recognition that the study of language can offer a framework through which we can develop an understanding of our world. It thus proposes that language is fundamental to the process of learning mathematics on every level whether it be through classroom discussion, group exploration, teacher exposition or individual interaction with printed material. Ensuing from this the paper investigates possible mathematical perspectives upon Saussure's ideas and explores what contribution his work can offer to enhance and enrich the interpretive framework through which we observe mathematical activity in the classroom. It takes as an example a mathematical investigation carried out by a group of 12 year old girls and develops the analysis from a Saussurian stance. The paper concludes that language is the medium through which, and in which, mathematical ideas are formed and exchanged.     

论《哥达纲领批判》中的政治国家观

马克思对于公正、平等、国家观念的批判分析在《哥达纲领批判》中集中体现,文中马克思对拉萨尔主义所提出的以劳动所有权理论为基础的分配正义观进行了深刻的批判,全面地阐述了共产主义社会发展阶段的理论。时下,政治哲学成为热门的哲学研究方向,对作为上个世纪以来最为宝贵的人类财富之一的马克思哲学思想的研究是必不可少的,从中我们能够学习和了解他对于政治哲学中诸多概念的理解和阐释,可以看出马克思的政治国家观建构与反建构,这对于我们的政治实践和理论建构都具有重要的启示意义。     

The Performance Technologist Library‐PIQ's Book Review Column

Implementing Global Performance Measurement Systems: A Cookbook Approach. 2000. Ferdinand Tesoro and Jack Tootson.     

One Science Teacher’s Professional Development Experience: A Case Study Exploring Changes in Students’ Perceptions of Their Fluency with Innovative Technologies

The purpose of this case-study is to narrate a secondary science teacher’s experience of his professional development (PD) education and training in innovative technologies (IT) in the context of engaging students in environmental research projects The sources from which the narrative is derived include (1) the science teacher’s reflective reports during three summer institute programs and (2) the science teacher’s reflective reports while subsequently engaging students in IT-embedded environmental research projects in his classroom. The science teacher’s explanations for changes in students’ perception of their IT fluency illuminate his personal narrative. The science teacher attributed his growth and significant changes in students’ perceptions of their IT fluency to the following mechanisms: (a) a personal commitment to developing his own and his students’ IT abilities in the context of doing environmental research projects, and (b) an increase in class time devoted to science education due to school-time scheduling policy. The study implies that immersive professional development opportunities have the potential to produce significant increases in students’ perceptions of their IT fluency.     

从阿Q精神胜利法看中国人的心理防御机制

目前,人们对阿Q研究得最多的是关于他的精神胜利法。事实上,阿Q的精神胜利法有三种形式:自欺式、忘却式、接受式。从心理学的角度分析发现,精神胜利法的这三种形式实质上是阿Q的心理防御机制。其防御机制在本质上是中国人在人际关系中对自己的印象整饰。     

略谈语义场理论的症结

语义场的理论雏形已见于洪堡特,索绪尔找到的句段关系和联想关系是其理论的直接来源。20世纪30年代,特里尔建立了语义场模型,其思路是把词汇看作一个由诸场拼接组合的整体,其理论基础是封闭系统观,视系统内部结构关系为线性关系,使诸场之间缺乏有机关联,不符合系统的特性,由此导致词汇系统研究的诸多问题。     

机器人柔性变形误差模型建模

对机器人柔性变形误差模型的建模进行了研究,分别建立了机器人运动学参数辨识模型、关节柔性参数辨识模型以及连杆柔性参数辨识模型,并在此基础上推导出运动学参数与柔性参数的耦合误差模型。结果显示,对于在进行运动学参数辨识时有必要考虑机器人柔性变形的影响,本研究可为进行柔性参数的辨识以及运动学参数的辨识提供参考。     

索绪尔学说和中国语法学的现代化--重读《中国文法革新论丛》

“法革新讨论”争论的问题是法体系，但是其性质是两种语言观和方法论原则之争，是20世纪第一次语言学理论的大论战，是索绪尔学说在中国的胜利。     

Extra-Required Service: A Radical Shift in Frontline Geriatric Caregiving

Much research examines the professional nursing practices of traditional and modern caregivers, but it remains unclear whether the delivery of extra-required services is diminished as the caregiver moves from traditional to modern community. Building on the classical works of sociologists Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, this paper discusses traditional and modern caregiver practices to see whether extra-required services are currently being offered in city-based care settings. Using data from a purposive sample of 21 registered nurses and nursing assistants at six long-term care centers in the cities of Toronto, Ontario; Miami, Florida; and New York, New York, this paper examines registered nurses' (RNs') traditional and modern caregiving practices. Findings suggest that extra-required services are more richly provided in traditional communities than in urban city settings. Differences exist in both the form and extent of delivering extra caregiving services in the two types of settings. Implications of these finding are discussed relative to recruitment of foreign nurses.     

Saussure and Bloomfield——A Compare and Contrast Study

Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield are two significant linguists in the world.Saussure is the"father of modern lin guistics"and Bloomfield is the founder of structuralist linguistics.This paper aims to compare and contrast their theories and find the similar ities and differences.     

The Role of the Microcomputer-Based Laboratory Display in Supporting the Construction of New Understandings in Kinematics

Teachers' failure to utilise MBL activities more widely may be due to not recognising their capacity to transform the nature of laboratory activities to be more consistent with contemporary constructivist theories of learning. This research aimed to increase understanding of how MBL activities specifically designed to be consistent with a constructivist theory of learning support or constrain student construction of understanding. The first author conducted the research with his Year 11 physics class of 29 students. Dyads completed nine tasks relating to kinematics using a Predict-Observe-Explain format. Data sources included video and audio recordings of students and teacher during four 70-minute sessions, students' display graphs and written notes, semi-structured student interviews, and the teacher's journal. The study identifies the actors and describes the patterns of interactions in the MBL. Analysis of students' discourse and actions identified many instances where students' initial understanding of kinematics were mediated in multiple ways. Students invented numerous techniques for manipulating data in the service of their emerging understanding. The findings are presented as eight assertions. Recommendations are made for developing pedagogical strategies incorporating MBL activities which will likely catalyse student construction of understanding.     

6-SPS型并联六坐标测量机位置分析与研究

根据6-SPS并联机构特点,合理地定义了支杆和动平台的方位及位置坐标,研究了6-SPS型并联六坐标测量机运动学正反向求解方法,提出了一种正向数值求解的方法以及正解迭代格式。     

The Indian and the researcher: Tales from the field

Conducting research in "native" communities is difficult. This article examines the tensions faced by an Indigenous researcher attempting to balance his identity as an Indian with his identity as an academic. Relying on field journals and personal experiences of change, the researcher explores how his attitudes toward the research participants and theories of authenticity changed over a period of time. Ultimately, there must be a way for Indigenous people to conduct rigorous research and maintain their Indigenous sense of self.