课程领导问题探微

一、课程领导的兴起和基本内涵(一)课程领导的兴起课程领导的研究兴起于美国,其概念最早出现在哥伦比亚大学哈里·帕森教授1952年完成的《以小组为中心的课程领导》的博士论文中。课程领导研究的兴起是课程与领导理论并行交融发展的结果,是课程理论发展的一种必然。     

课程领导问题探微

一、课程领导的兴起和基本内涵 (一)课程领导的兴起 课程领导的研究兴起于美国,其概念最早出现在哥伦比亚大学哈里·帕森教授1952年完成的《以小组为中心的课程领导》的博士论文中.课程领导研究的兴起是课程与领导理论并行交融发展的结果,是课程理论发展的一种必然.     

我国的课程领导研究及其走向

我国的课程领导研究是在课程管理体制改革深入过程中受西方课程领导研究影响而兴起的。近年来我们的研究集中在介绍国外课程领导研究成果、探讨课程领导的内涵、研究校长课程领导问题、检讨课程领导的主要问题、寻求改善课程领导途径和措施等方面。今后，我国课程领导研究将致力于课程领导与课程管理体制改革、课程领导的理论基础、课程领导的实践模式以及校长的课程领导等问题。     

试论课程领导的发展

课程领导的研究兴起于20世纪70年代的美国，它的发展经历了要素确立期、概念发展与模式建立期、模式应用与理论深化期。国外课程领导研究的发展给予我们启示，即要处理好三对关系：课程领导理论与实践：课程领导与管理；课程改革与课程领导。     

课程领导：当前研究的新视域及其问题转向

课程领导是近年来兴起的一个课程理论问题。课程领导的理论与实践的问题,它作为新课程改革实验中一个不可回避的方面,应受到足够的重视。近年来,人们对课程领导的研究,已经从课程领导的内涵、理念、任务、角色、层次与类型、模式与功能以及产生背景和发展阶段等方面,在不同程度上均有所探讨。但从去年以来,研究问题逐渐开始转向,人们开始探讨课程领导的主体、职能、策略和课程领导的道德等问题,这些问题已经成为人们研究的新视域。     

课程领导：当前研究的新视域及其问题转向

课程领导是近年来兴起的一个课程理论问题。课程领导的理论与实践的问题,它作为新课程改革实验中一个不可回避的方面,应受到足够的重视。近年来,人们对课程领导的研究,已经从课程领导的内涵、理念、任务、角色、层次与类型、模式与功能以及产生背景和发展阶段等方面,在不同程度上均有所探讨。但从去年以来,研究问题逐渐开始转向,人们开始探讨课程领导的主体、职能、策略和课程领导的道德等问题,这些问题已经成为人们研究的新视域。     

“课程领导”的几点解读

1.课程领导是近年来兴起的一种理念。它既是校本管理和校本课程开发引发人们对课程领导在课程改革中地位和作用重新认识的结果,也是传统课程管理范式发展的必然。     

美国中学课程领导机制探微——以加州托马斯·杰斐逊高中课程咨询委员会为例

课程领导机制变革是有效进行课程改革的必然要求。本文试图以美国加利福尼亚州托马斯·杰斐逊高中课程领导组织的运作机制为例,阐发一些对学校层面课程领导基本问题的思考。     

当前德育研究的热点问题综述

近年来，随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的普遍实施，以及中小学德育课程标准(实验稿)的颁布和实验，我国学校德育课程改革在课程基本理念、课程建构方式、教材编写要求、课程评价侧重等方面出现了许多不同以往的变化。与之相应，我国德育研究也兴起了一股反思批判与改革探索的热潮，研究者或解析课程改革的主旨和要求．或反思以往学校德育问题和困境，或介绍国外德育发展的经验和规律，     

解读课程理论与教育学的关系--兼论当前课程研究方向的转型

课程研究的兴起使课程理论成为教育理论中的显学，课程理论在试图涵盖教学论的同时，也进入了教育学尤其是教育学基本理论的领域，造成了后者的危机。但双方是一种在相互汲取中成长的关系，而不是此消彼长，甚至以一方取代另一方的关系。为此，应重视二者相互之间的价值。当前，中国课程理论研究中的“问题”，首先是实践问题，然后才是学术问题，实践关怀成为课程研究者的主导性意识。不应盲目跨越“课程开发”阶段，而要慎重对待“课程理解”研究范式的转型。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.