优化学科专业,服务地方经济建设和社会发展

本文从我国学科专业调整的背景出发 ,总结了广西大学如何紧紧围绕服务地方经济建设和社会发展来进行学科专业结构的调整与优化的做法。在此基础上,分配了学科专业结构的调整与优化中存在的问题 ,并提出了进一步改进措施和对策     

Medical students’ educational strategies in an environment of prestige hierarchies of specialties and diseases

Abstract

Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this paper aims to understand whether and how a reproduction of the status hierarchy of medical specialties and diagnoses occurs within a medical school in a North European context as well as students’ educational strategies given the hierarchy. We report data from a cross-sectional survey conducted on a sample of Danish medical students. The 289 respondents ranked diseases and specialities, based on how they believed most health personnel would rank them. In addition, 18 in-depth interviews with medical students were conducted. Comparing the ranking responses of early, mid and late phase students, the analysis tracks the gradual convergence and broad agreement around a hierarchy. The paper concludes that medical school is a highly competitive field of higher education, where distinction is invested in and reproduced by curricular knowledge. This distinction is reinforced within wider structural elements such as governmental educational policies.     

努力落实江泽民同志的创新教育思想

创新教育是江泽民教育思想的一个重内容,是江泽民同志站在历史高度为教育改革指出的方向.实施创新教育,就是以培养学生的创新精神为根本出发点,为此而改革教学内容,改革教学方法,更新教学技术手段,提高教师素质,转变教育观念,创新教育制度和理论.     

高师院校外语专业考试制度改革的尝试

高师院校外语专业教学改革中的一个重要问题，就是如何突出师范特点，培养出真正合格的中学外语教师。要完成这样的任务，考度制度也要进行相应的改革。笔根据外语专业教学的特点，对考试内容和考试形式进行了改革尝试。     

The Cost of Higher Education Cannot Continue to Rise Unchecked

A system of restricted admission to certain faculties has been in operation in Netherlands universities for the past two or three years. Limiting the number of first-year students admitted to certain faculties was found necessary in order to ensure the maintenance of teaching standards, which could otherwise not be guaranteed. For financial reasons it is practically impossible to create the additional educational facilities which would be necessary if all applicants were to be admitted; and for this reason it was decided to institute a "student freeze" in some subjects which, it was hoped, would be of a temporary nature.     

大学生思想政治教育中的隐性教育方法及其创新

隐性教育方法是相对显性教育方法的一种全新教育方式,具有潜隐性、渗透性、自主性等特点。隐性教育方法具有独特优势,它能够有效弥补传统显性教育方法的不足。大学生隐性思想政治教育方法在运用过程中要充分发挥高校隐性课程的渗透作用、校园文化环境的陶冶作用、社会实践的育人作用和教师主体人格的感召作用。     

A METHOD TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA IN THE CLASSROOM

In Sweden radio and television programs for educational purposes are produced by a special unit within Sveriges Radio (SR), but there is also a production unit outside the organization SR producing educational programs, in the first place for adults (TRU). In the near future these two units are to be joined into one. In the Educational Program Department of SR there is a special group concerned with research and development questions. For the time being there are four full‐time posts as researchers, and within the framework of the budget of the program department the research group has it's own budget for research and evaluation of radio and television in instruction. The aim of this internal research ‐‐ exemplified in this paper ‐ is to give producers such experience as can be of value both for the assessment of individual products and for production work in the long run.     

New guiding principles in educational policy: the case of Germany

Pluralism, decentralization, deregulation, school autonomy, greater diversity and parent empowerment in education are among the new guiding principles in educational policy in numerous industrial countries. Whereas this paradigm shift reflects the advance of the market ideology into the education sector in other (particularly English‐speaking) countries, the driving force behind this movement in Germany is rather the political system's loss of legitimation and the conflict‐ridden state of educational policy. The first part of the article takes a retrospective view which links up to the analyses of Weiler. It shows that the former strategies for securing legitimation and regulating conflicts ‐ involving science in the educational reform process, legalization and judicialization ‐ have only been effective temporarily. Using the new Education Act of Hesse as example, the hypothesis is developed that the strategy of increasing parent empowerment and partially transferring regulatory powers and decision‐making competence to individual schools will also not bring about the expected effects since this will not solve the structural problems of the German school system. In the second part of the article this thesis is elaborated within the framework of a differentiated analysis of the consequences of the structural problems as manifested in individual school types on local educational markets.     

Using student‐centred teaching to develop human resource management competencies

The paper examines the management of student ‐ centred learning in a human resource management undergraduate module with a hospitality industry focus. It outlines the educational aims, approaches to the management of delivery, assessment and monitoring issues of attempts to foster the deep learning capabilities of management students about to embark on their careers. The case for wide application of syndicates, dialogue and team ‐ working to in‐house training and development across the educational\training spectrum can be made. Tips, guidelines, reservations and applications are listed to help hospitality trainers customise the general approach to suit their own needs. Some of the advantages claimed are that individual learners can draw upon a structure of learning resources which can help ground their work and so alleviate anxiety, leaving the learners to pursue their own learning goals, show competence and enjoy the process of learning for its own value.     

Profile and Motivations of Registered Whole-Body Donors in Turkey: Istanbul University Experience

Little is known regarding the profiles of whole body donors in Muslim majority countries where donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to profile registered donors in Turkey by means of a survey. The explored data could be used to improve ongoing campaign efforts and ethical practices such as commemoration services. Registered donors of the donation programs at the two faculties of medicine of Istanbul University were compared with the national population and a cluster analysis was performed to reveal any concealed sub-groups. Data from 188 respondents were analyzed. The majority of registered donors were married (42%), male (65.4%), aged over 50 years (76%), held a tertiary education degree (49.7%), and were irreligious (58.5%). Cluster analysis revealed two groups with significantly different educational levels, marital statuses, and religious choices. Regarding whether their bodies could be used for education or research, the majority (64.5%) of the respondents left the decision to the anatomy department. Similarly, 73.8% approved indefinite use of their organs, body parts and/or skeletons. The respondents were also willing to share their medical history (94.2%) and personal information (81.6%) if needed. Motivational themes for body donation including usefulness, impermanence, religion, awareness, and kinship were devised after a thematic analysis. Among the respondents, 56.5% were registered organ donors and 63.3% were frequent blood donors. The results of this study provide data that may help revising informed consent forms, developing and implementing thanksgiving ceremonies, and selecting additional targets for supporting body donation campaign activities such as organ and blood donation units.     

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW UNIVERSITIES: HOW TO APPROACH HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The view taken in this article is that Total Quality Management (TQM) in the new universities (the former Polytechnics) and the development of a so‐called managerialist ideology has led to the inevitable adoption of an approach to Human Resource Management (HRM) policy and practice that is functionalist. The criteria favoured by managerialism represented by TQM is not only inappropriate in higher education, but more importantly, it limits the productive activity of individuals. This limitation occurs to the extent that at the level of the individual academic in higher education organizations, quality control and assurance, that has traditionally been a localized process of self‐ and close‐peer review, has become formalized by externally imposed systems and procedures ‐ a necessary condition under the current funding arrangements for enabling internal quality assurance systems to meet the requirements of external agencies. However, the authors suggest that only a truly professionalizing, soft, individualistic, and user‐focussed collegial culture will provide a sufficient condition for total quality enhancement to become a reality.     

A Competency‐Based Study of Academic Staff Development Needs

The role of Australian academics is undergoing a period of rapid change as the Federal Government attempts to restructure both the higher education system and the economy. With these changes in role comes a need for the continuing professional development of academics. This paper gives details of a study which adopted a competency‐based approach to identify the job requirements, skill‐deficiencies and training needs of one group of Australian academics. This group ‐ staff from the Business faculties of (former) Colleges of Advanced Education ‐ is of particular interest because its members are experiencing uncommonly rapid growth and change. In general, the respondents tended to rate (a) teaching skills as more important than research skills, (b) their own teaching skills as more highly developed than their research competencies, and (c) their desire for training as greatest with respect to several specific research skills. Some potential barriers to the successful implementation of professional development programmes are discussed.     

RESEARCH INTO THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE AS A BASIS FOR THE CURRICULUM FOR CHILDREN WITH EBD

This paper reviews a corpus of research on educational resilience as developed by researchers in the USA. It is noted that at the present time the longstanding debate as to the relative importance of therapeutic and curricular aims in the education of children with EBD has been thrown into sharp relief by the Ofsted inspection regime that concentrates on curricular imperatives. It is argued that the concept of educational resilience provides a basis for a pedagogy that will attend to thereapeutic needs within any given curricular framework.

Research which supports the proposed focus on aspects of the educational process known to promote resilience at the individual and at the school level is then reviewed to provide ample examples of interventions that could be adopted in a curriculum aimed at promoting resilience.     

A HUMANISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME

This article proposes a concrete educational programme ‐ based on the reappropriation of the German humanistic conception of the modern university ‐ for a reunification of the “two cultures”, humanistic and scientific, within the framework of the postmodern university. The first step will be to clarify the demise of the cultural and educational role of postmodern universities (first section); secondly, to present the humanistic conception of the university, implemented at the University of Berlin established by von Humboldt at the beginning of the nineteenth century, as both a desirable and possible conceptual foundation for the revitalization of the cultural role of the university (second section); thirdly, to delineate a concrete educational programme based on a reappropriation of the humanistic conception (third section); and finally, in a short section (the fourth), to describe two specific characteristics of the suggested programme.     

DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY IN THE CLASSROOM: A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW

A bstract .  Contemporary philosophical and political theories place high hopes on the concept of deliberative democracy. Within educational research, there seems to be widespread agreement that if students are to be educated for deliberative democracy, actual classroom deliberation constitutes an indispensable educational tool. From the standpoint of sociology and social psychology, this assumption seems plausible but unnecessarily vague. In this essay, Wendelin Reich suggests a comprehensive list of educational aims that may be associated with deliberation before reviewing research on the concept of communicative interaction in order to evaluate how deliberation, seen as a specific form of communicative interaction, could live up to its educational aims. From this evaluation Reich deduces that the aims stand in complex and sometimes even contradictory relation to the means for achieving them and to each other. Reich concludes that more empirical research is needed to determine in which forms and contexts deliberation can best contribute to fulfilling the goal of educating democratic citizens.     

晏阳初与邰爽秋教育思想之比较

20世纪上半叶,为了实现教育救国,解决中国民众因缺乏教育而愚昧落后的问题,平民教育、民众教育广泛兴起,晏阳初和邰爽秋是其中杰出的代表。他们的教育思想具有鲜明的以民为本的特点,对当时乃至后来的社会发展产生了重要影响。通过对两位教育家的教育思想渊源、目的、对象、内容、方法、及教育实践的比较研究,使我们更加全面深入的了解他们的教育主张,受益于他们的教育智慧,这将对完善我国当前的教育,尤其是农村教育大有裨益。     

非师范院校新建教育院系的发展策略

在我国师范教育改革的大背景下，非师范院校新近成立了一批教育院系。面对机遇与挑战，教育院系必须树立新的办学理念与发展思路：目光定位于基础教育；发展非教育学专业师范生的教育专业教育；注重职后教育，走教师教育一体化服务道路等。     

理工科专业《现代生命科学导论》公选课教学探讨

生命科学与理工科专业交互性强,学科之间的渗透有利于促进各学科的发展和科技创新。在理工科各专业开设《现代生命科学导论》公选课,要注重教学内容的选择、教学方法和手段的运用。     

Educational technology and the social sciences in the University of Malaya

This paper examines the role played by educational technology in the four social science faculties of the University of Malaya. Some explanation of what is meant by educational technology is first given. This involves considering three approaches to educational technology found in the literature and these provide a convenient frame of reference for examining the situation in the four faculties. The prevailing conception of educational technology in the faculties is the least developed and least comprehensive of the three approaches. Reasons are advanced for changing the existing situation in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Recommendations in this direction are made and it is suggested that they are applicable not only to the University of Malaya but similar institutions of higher education as well.Paper presented at the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL) Seminar on Modern Technology in ASAIHL Universities, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, October 16–17, 1981.