加拿大技术转移体系构成与大学专利政策变革的启示

近年来,加拿大政府越来越重视技术转移工作,技术转移已成为政府科技工作的重点.本文在分析加拿大技术转移体系构成的基础上,重点研究了加拿大大学在技术转移体系中的作用和推动技术转移工作的措施,提出构建完整创新系列及加强大学技术转移,是加拿大技术转移工作的主要着力点.     

省级农科院农业技术转移工作浅析——以广东省农科院为例

以广东省农科院开展农业技术转移的工作实践为例,侧重农业技术转移的社会公益性,介绍省级农科院实施技术转移工作工作的主要成效与做法、分析存在的主要问题及原因、提出进一步做好农业技术转移工作的对策与建议,旨在为省级农科院做好农业技术转移工作提供有益的借鉴和参考.     

基于SD中国技术转移系统演化的动态模型研究

技术转移是一个复杂的、非线性的动态系统,现有研究未能将技术转移系统的动态演化纳入到分析框架中。本文借鉴系统动力学方法对中国技术转移系统演化进行动态仿真研究,从纵向视角界定了技术转移系统包括技术研发系统、技术传播系统和技术应用系统及其边界,构建了技术转移系统动力学模型,运用2000年-2009年中国宏观数据,进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,政府的财政科技经费投入强度的增加带来的效果不如企业科技经费投入强度增加带来的效果,且技术传播子系统对于经费投入的敏感度并不高;最后,根据动态仿真实验结果,为促进中国技术转移系统的良性发展提出相应的政策建议。     

青海省技术转移机构运行现状及对策思考

目前,青海省的技术转移机构服务能力相对薄弱,如何提升技术转移机构服务能力,对完善青海省技术转移体系建设和促进科技成果转移转化具有重要的现实意义.本文通过分析国内外技术转移机构的运行模式及成功经验,对比分析青海省技术转移机构的运行现状及存在的主要问题,从而提出提升技术转移机构服务能力的相关对策和建议.     

基于知识供应链的高校知识转移模式研究

本文介绍了知识供应链和知识转移的概念,分析影响高校知识转移的关键,通过对基于知识供应链的高校知识转移模型和流程的研究,提出建立技术研究应用中心作为高校知识转移的模式,并分析了技术研究中心的组织结构和主要部门职责分配.     

本科教学中影响知识转移质量的相关因素研究

自1977年Teece提出知识转移的基础理论以来,知识转移在商业组织中得到了广泛的研究和应用.而知识转移在大学这一传统的知识传播组织中,尚未得到广泛的研究和探讨.文章结合大学本科教学这一特定的组织环境,来探讨大学本科教学过程中影响知识转移质量的相关因素,并通过问卷调查分析,构造出相应知识转移模型.通过该模型来提高知识转移的有效性,最终提高本科教学的教学质量.     

关于技术转移的战术思考

文章分析了影响我国技术转移事业健康发展的主要因素,对中科院北京分院及其所属部分单位在技术转移工作中的有益尝试进行了简要分析,提出了技术转移既是一项事业又是一门专业,应将其做为中科院科技事业发展格局的"中游"战略。文章结合中科院实际,在战术层面分别从院部机关、分院、研究所三个层次提出了加强技术转移工作的建议。     

国防高新技术转移的意义、现状分析和发展对策探讨

建设"军民结合,寓军于民"的国防科技创新体系,是新时期国防科技工业改革创新的重点,而加快国防高新技术转移,是国防科技工业改革创新的主要任务之一.本文从国防高新技术具有战略性、创新性和军民两用性特点出发,论述了加快国防高新技术转移的意义和作用,分析了当前国防科技技术转移的几种成功模式,提出了进一步做好我国国防技术转移工作的对策建议.     

农村技术转移体系建设在科技扶贫中的作用

农村技术转移体系是农业科技成果从研发、转化、推广到应用的系统过程，是农业科技成果传播扩散到生产一线，转化为现实生产力的有效方式。目前，我国农村技术转移体系主要包括以科技项目、技术人员、专业技术组织和政府技术推广部门等为载体的转移形式。改革开放以来，我国农村技术转移体系为促进农业科技成果转化推广，推动农村经济发展和科技扶贫工作，发挥科技第一生产力作用起到了积极作用。但是，农村技术转移体系尚存在着机构体系不健全、服务不到位、转化效率低等问题。伴随新的农业科技革命，特别是在构建和谐社会和新农村建设的背景下，对农村技术转移体系提出了新的要求。面临贫困地区农业基础薄弱和农民素质较低的问题，如何使农村技术转移体系建设和科技扶贫工作形成良性互动，成为摆在农村技术转移体系建设面前的重要课题。[第一段]     

大学技术许可机构的制度分析与国际比较

通过对美国、日本大学技术转移机构的发展和运行机制比较,分析大学技术转移模式之一的OTL发展的主要原因、OTL的技术转移效果,对大学专利许可机构发展的相关问题进行了制度比较分析。提出促进大学技术转移成为主要国家创新政策的重点;进一步在操作层面明确研究成果的知识产权归属权益;在我国现有大学技术转移中心基础上,通过试点,建立一批专业的大学专利许可机构。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.