Community Colleges and Labor Market Conditions: How Does Enrollment Demand Change Relative to Local Unemployment Rates?

This study uses fixed-effects panel data techniques to estimate the elasticity of community college enrollment demand relative to local unemployment rates. The findings suggest that community college enrollment demand is counter-cyclical to changes in the labor market, as enrollments rise during periods of weak economic conditions. Using national data for the years 1990 through 2009, we find that a one percentage-point change in unemployment is associated with 1.1–3.3 % increases in enrollment demand. We disaggregate the analysis by total full-time and part-time enrollment, concluding that high levels of unemployment are also associated with greater demand for full-time attendance. Additionally, enrollments are slightly more responsive to unemployment in metropolitan (rather than micropolitan) areas. Informed by enrollment demand theory, our analysis provides an update to the “unemployment elasticity” literature and could aid in current enrollment planning, economic development, and public policy efforts to educate students on the margin between college and work.     

Improving College Enrollment of At-Risk Students at the School Level

Many federal, state, and local education policy priorities are aimed at preparing high school students, especially those at risk, to be college- and career-ready when they graduate from high school. A number of programs across different institutional entities have been initiated to achieve these goals, encompassing individual partnerships with schools. Many of these programs include a variety of interventions, ranging from college and course counseling to college visits. Although there have been some evaluations of the larger federal programs, and some state and district programs, few have examined national observational data on the impact of these programmatic efforts on college enrollments. This study uses the HSLS:09 database to investigate the impact of specific treatments in at-risk schools on college enrollments. Results show that several of these programmatic initiatives have a positive effect on college enrollment; however, the effects are small compared to some of those reported by other national studies.     

两种“自主招生”改革之剖析

实行部分高校面向考生自主招生,开放式招生,是我国高校招生改革的一大突破,为今后各校自主招生或若干院校联合招生探索了一条新路。赞成教育部在部分学校试行的自主招生制度,但不赞成对学生进行层层考试;实行保送生制度,对选拔有专长特长的优秀学生具有积极意义,但应认真总结经验,努力克服不足之处,逐步探索一种符合我国国情的科学的保送制度。     

Participation in education among older people

National random sample data on 4254 people in four adult age categories were analyzed with regard to enrollments in different kinds of education settings, enrollment motives, and barriers to enrollment. Further analysis compared participants to nonparticipants. Most adult enrollments were at the college or university level before age 40, in other settings thereafter, and instrumental motives were predominant across the lifespan. Lack of time and interest were major barriers to enrollment among older people, and those enrolled generally had higher prior educational attainments, were younger, and lived in urban or suburban locations.This research was supported in part by a grant from the Institute of Gerontology.     

当前形势下示范性高职院校招生宣传工作策略探析——以青岛职业技术学院为例

随着高等教育改革的不断深入,以及高校办学自主权的逐步扩大,高校生源的竞争日趋激烈。在当前形势下,高校生源和人才需求结构也在迅速发生着变化,教育竞争进而教育营销成为高校生存的必然趋势,这使得高校招生宣传工作也越来越重要。示范性高职院校在做好教学和实训工作的同时,必须明确招生宣传指导思想和宣传重点,规范宣传行为,创新高职院校招生宣传工作策略,并及时调整招生专业结构,以适应市场需求,从而求得学院的生存和发展。     

生源危机背景下高职院校转型发展战略

由于受适龄人口逐年下降、高校持续扩招、国外争夺生源、放弃升学学生增多等因素的影响,生源危机已成为当前我国高职院校普遍性问题。如何在日渐萎缩的生源市场上实现转型发展,在激烈竞争中占有一席之地,已成为高职院校迫切需要解决的问题。高职院校应通过实施:打造特色,选择差异化发展之路;减少依赖,主动提升发展内驱力;面向大众,拓展多样化生源结构;加快改革,提高学校管理效益等战略举措,突破生源危机,实现转型发展。     

科学发展观视阈下高校大学生思想政治教育研究

近年来,随着高校的扩招,国家在十二五规划中就高校教育的具体发展任务已经予以了明确的规定,同时也加大对高校发展的扶持力度,对于高校人才培养的方式和途径以及具体岗位均给出了明确的规定,这为高校加强高校大学生思想政治教育创造了良好的物质条件和政策基础。本文主要探讨科学发展视阈下高校大学生思想政治教育。     

女性进入精英集体:有限的进步

Based on studies of literature and the freshman admission data from 1978 to 2005 in Peking University, the research reveals how female student enrollments grew from nil to a considerable size, and how the exclusion of women college admission was overcome to achieve gender balance. However, the paper argues that this progress is limited in that class exclusion and the urban-rural gap is still significant in college enrollment, and there has been obvious sex segregation in the selection of specialties. So, equality from gender perspective alone is a “lame equality”. It is necessary to carefully examine what equality in higher education means to female students when both sexes have approximately equal opportunities to higher education, for to female students, the choice of specialty and the professional training are processes in which they have to continually submit themselves to male-centric knowledge. __________ Translated by ZHANG Yurong from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2008, 29(2): 49–61     

高校开展大学生职业生涯规划教育的必要性和措施探析

近年来,我国大学生数量剧增,而社会企业提供的就业岗位有限,大学生的就业形势日益严峻,面临的就业压力越来越大,很多大学生毕业后在择业时缺乏明确的目标和规划,对职业缺乏正确、全面的认识和理解,自我定位不合理,导致大学生的就业能力普遍较低,造成人才的大量浪费。职业生涯规划教育是引导大学生正确认识职业生涯,明确职业目标,对自我进行合理定位,寻求自身发展的重要途径,该文主要介绍高校开展大学生职业生涯规划教育的必要性,并结合当前高校大学生职业生涯规划教育现状及存在的主要问题,提出了几点改进意见。     

Does the private sector expand access to higher education? A cross-national analysis, 1999-2017

This article examines the relationship between the private share of tertiary enrollments and overall access, measured by the gross tertiary enrollment rate, using a cross-national dataset from 122 countries spanning 1999−2017. In contrast to the dominant assumption in international development that expanding the private sector will necessarily increase access, we find a weak association between the private share of tertiary enrollments and gross tertiary enrollment ratio globally. That said, this association is stronger when there is high demand for higher education, as proxied by secondary gross enrollment ratio and urbanization. We also find regional variation, with private higher education positively associated with access in Central and Eastern Europe and core English-speaking countries and negatively associated with access in sub-Saharan Africa, after accounting for demand factors. We argue that private higher education is only an effective policy solution for expanding access when there is high unmet demand for higher education and a conducive policy context.     

A Survey of School/College Partnerships for Minority and Disadvantaged Students

This study focuses on comprehensive partnerships between K–12 schools and postsecondary institutions which were created to improve the precollege academic preparation, college enrollment, and postsecondary success of minority and disadvantaged students. The study identified those partnerships that had been in existence in the United States for more than five years and surveyed them utilizing a 12-item questionnaire designed to determine the following: (1) structural characteristics; (2) funding; (3) success in achieving their goals and objectives; and (4) data collected to measure success.During the course of study, key informants from each partnership were surveyed. Partnership research has been scant, in part due to the fact that school-college partnerships of this type are a fairly new development in education. The results of the surveys have contributed new information to the field on the characteristics of partnerships. Findings also indicated that a majority of these partnerships incorporated some of the important characteristics for success recommended in the available literature. The partnerships consider themselves to be at least somewhat successful in achieving their goals of improving high school preparation and college enrollments for minority and disadvantaged students. They are, however, less informed about the success of their participants in college, especially college retention and graduation. They are also less informed about the availability of financial resources for their college aspirants and appear only marginally committed to creating institutional change.     

Special Edition on Access and Diversity Guest Editors' Introduction

In the knowledge economy, now more than ever, students are encouraged to attend an institution of higher education. Students actively search for resources to assist them in their progress toward a college degree, even before high school graduation. Dual enrollment is an opportunity for students to complete college courses while still in high school, and it encourages stronger collaborations between K–12 and higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between demographic and policy variables in South Carolina technical college dual enrollment programs and first-to-second-year persistence of dually enrolled students once entering college. All participants in this study were high school students who continued at a technical college after graduation. Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression to determine persistence, defined as first-to-second-year retention. Variables included dual enrollment course type, course setting, ethnicity, gender, and county of residence. Results show that course type and course setting are significant in predicting college student persistence. Recommendations and implications for future research are discussed.     

Educational policy for Korean students in Japan

Koreans constitute one of the largest minority groups in Japan. Currently, both North Korean and South Korean schools are suffering from declining enrollments. Part of the reason for this enrollment decline lies in the fact that the extreme academic competition for further education under the standardized examination system makes it difficult for Korean students and their parents to maintain their ethnic and cultural identities. To become more competitive, many Koreans are moving toward complete assimilation despite the international trend of increased awareness of minority rights.     

硕士研究生教育质量调查分析——对全国43所高校硕士生的调查

通过对43所高校580名硕士生进行调查发现,近年来在研究生招生、培养及就业等方面存在不少问题。为此提出适度控制研究生招生规模,实行差异化的学制和个性化的培养方案,增加投入改善研究生教学科研条件及生活条件,确保研究生参与课题研究的数量和质量,扩大国内外学术交流,切实提高研究生综合素质和科研能力等多项措施,以提高硕士研究生教育质量。     

高考改革的目标模式与推进策略

高校招生和人的发展的现实需要与现行高考"大一统"之间存在的巨大反差,是当前高考存在的最大的矛盾。解决这一矛盾的高考改革的目标模式为建立统一的综合测试平台,按高校专业大类设定科目组合,统一测试与自主测试相结合选拔特殊人才,高职院校招生采用灵活多样的考试方式,加强艺术类、体育类专业测试,确立综合评价的原则,形成多元录取机制。此目标模式可以优化人才选拔功能,使高校拥有更多的招生自主权;提高高考与普通高中新课程的吻合度,对实施素质教育发挥良好的导向作用;提供高考的个性选择空间,为学生个性化发展创造条件;理顺共性考查与个性考查的关系,兼顾统一性与多样性。高考改革目标模式的推进策略为继续推进高水平大学自主招生试点,逐步扩大自主招生的范围和规模;把高职院校考试招生改革作为大步推进高考改革的突破口;加强普通本科院校分类考试招生的研究和探索;逐步增加招生考试通道,推进"综合测试平台"建设;明确改革方向,形成高考改革的合力。     

Family background, school enrollments and wastage: evidence from Arab countries

Applying single and recursive bivariate probit models that utilize micro data sets of five countries, this paper examines the concatenation between school enrollments and family background. The empirical analysis captures considerable variations in the pattern of school enrollments and school wastage according to rural–urban locations and family background variables. Income gaps are powerful and interact with gender gap to produce differential school enrollment and wastage patterns. Access to credit partially redresses the adverse effects on school enrollments of negative household economic shocks. The findings call for more concerted government efforts to increase school enrollments and retention and to improve rural education particularly for females and the underprivileged.     

关于高校接连两年扩大招生的几点思考

1999年和2000年连续两年的高校扩大招生，在全社会引起了极大的反响，这之中，连续扩招的原因、扩招后的生源质量以及学生进校后的教学管理等等，引起了一些关心高教事业发展的热心人的质疑，笔就此三个问题谈了自己的想法和思考。     

高职院校心理健康教育策略的探讨

由于高职院校的生源与就业方向的不同,导致高职大学生比普通本科学生承担了更大的心理压力,高职院校必须针对自身的发展特点和大学生存在的主要心理问题,提出高职院校心理健康教育的发展模式及相应的心理健康教育策略．     

民办高校思想政治工作模式研究

随着近几年高校扩招,民办高校在校生数量增加更快,如何对这些学生进行思想教育摆在高校思想政治工作者面前。民办高校作为一个有着特殊运行机制的个体,学生思想政治教育也有其特殊性,根据其特点探讨与之相适应的学生思想教育模式非常必要。