Managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in developing countries: Knowledge management approaches in the social context

This paper is based on a PhD study (Lwoga, 2009) that sought to assess the application of knowledge management (KM) approaches in managing indigenous knowledge (IK) for sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries, with a specific focus on Tanzania. This study used a mixed-research method which was conducted in six districts of Tanzania. Non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups were used to collect primary data from small-scale farmers in the selected districts. A total of 181 farmers participated in the semi-structured interviews, where the respondents ranged between 27 and 37 per district. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted in the selected districts. The study revealed that IK was acquired and shared within a small, weak and spontaneous network, and thus knowledge loss was prevalent in the surveyed communities. There were distinct variations in the acquisition of agricultural IK both in different locations and between genders. Information and communication technologies (ICT), culture, trust, and status influenced the sharing and distribution of IK in the surveyed communities. The research findings showed that KM models can be used to manage and integrate IK with other knowledge systems, taking the differences into account (for example, gender, location, culture, infrastructure). The paper concludes with recommendations for the application of KM approaches for the management of IK and its integration with other knowledge systems for agricultural development in developing countries, including Tanzania.     

Three ways of knowing: Agricultural knowledge systems of small-scale farmers in Africa with reference to Kenya

Research carried out in 2011 in Kirinyaga district, Kenya, shows how sense-making theory and methodology can be used to assess the use of local agricultural and external knowledge by small-scale farmers and its effects on small-scale agriculture. Two knowledge systems, the local knowledge system and the external or scientific knowledge system, are considered dominant. The two systems can be synergistic and small-scale farmers have mixed them in their farming activities. Blending systems improve communication, livelihoods, and economies within local communities, and increases their participation in development. Data were collected in focus group discussions with farmers' groups and interviews with individual farmers. Results show that most farmers in Kirinyaga use external agricultural information in their farming practices. A significant number use combined external agricultural information and local knowledge, which forms a third knowledge system. This third system requires the validation of the farmers' innovations and documentation of the knowledge for wider dissemination. Information providers should adopt policies that promote the use of the three knowledge systems by small-scale farmers.     

企业知识管理集成的研究

在知识管理越来越注重实效的今天 ,需要一些新的更有深度的方法来指导知识管理的实施。本文提出了从集成管理的角度来理解知识管理 ,而这种集成又包括三个方面的集成 :知识内容的集成 ,知识活动的集成以及知识价值的集成。文章对知识管理的本质以及如何在这三个层次实现集成作了详细的论述与分析     

关于知识管理实施理论的思考

分析与知识管理实施相关的热点,提出知识管理实施的理论框架,认为知识管理的实施应在信息技术的支撑下,吸收系统工程的理论和成果作为实施的指导思想;引入知识工程的方法和工具用于实施过程的管理;认为采用实践社团的组织形式将使知识真正变成企业的财富。     

知识管理:理论研究与实践思考

论述知识管理的概念和本质特征,揭示知识、信息的内涵和它们之间的相互关系;指出知识管理不仅要努力发展新的技术工具和手段,更应对人的因素予以特别关注,并结合情报研究工作的实际提出一些看法。     

深圳"图书馆之城"知识管理应用探讨

探讨了深圳市“图书馆之城”实施知识管理的目标、重要意义，提出可以实施知识管理的几个初期项目以及所需要的组织运行机制。     

知识管理思想的起源——从情报学的发展看知识管理

通过情报学产生和发展的历史回顾,阐述引导情报学研究从科技情报领域转向经济情报领域的两大理论,说明情报学研究重心从竞争情报到知识管理转移的原因,指出知识管理将成为未来情报学研究的热点之一。最后总结知识管理研究必须摆脱情报学过分依赖信息技术的认识误区。     

Learning to Lead: Challenges and Resources for The New Public Library Director

Library directors are part of the infrastructure of information management, but how well do they manage their institutional knowledge for succession planning? Our study looked at strategies to ease managerial transitions between libraries, focusing on knowledge management, communities of practice, and mentorship. Our survey found that succession planning was dictated by local practice and size of library. The results of this paper inform knowledge of succession planning and reveal existing gaps between informal transfer of knowledge and structured knowledge management (KM), as well as librarians' resourcefulness. Library directors use KM strategies, mentoring, and involvement with communities of practice to foster innovation.     

组织文化、组织结构和技术支持对知识管理绩效的影响

在知识管理研究领域,组织文化、组织结构和技术支持被认为会对企业的知识管理实践带来巨大的影响,同时,知识共享也被看成是知识管理的中心活动。基于已有研究,以知识共享为中介变量构建CST P的知识管理影响因素模型,并提出相应的研究假设。通过对珠三角地区的软件和IT企业开展问卷调查,采用结构方程模型对研究假设进行检验,并基于实证结果深入探讨技术、文化、组织结构和知识共享对于知识管理绩效产生影响的作用机制。     

在情境中实现知识管理

随着知识管理研究和应用的日益深入,情境在知识管理中的重要性正不断得到认识和重视。为在知识管理中系统有效地集成和应用情境,在阐述知识管理中情境的概念、特点和分类基础上,分析情境与知识管理的关系,并提出集成情境知识管理(KMIC)方法,该方法通过情境化实现知识和知识过程与情境的集成,分析KMIC目标,探讨实现KMIC的关键技术,并构建KMIC系统。     

The potential of information and communication technologies in collecting,preserving and disseminating indigenous knowledge in Africa

Abstract

This paper first gives an outline of the importance of African indigenous knowledge. After that it gives the definition of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and indigenous knowledge (IK). It then goes on to highlight examples in which information communication technologies have been used to preserve IK successfully. The paper further lists projects which are still underway, in which information communication technologies are being harnessed in the collection and preservation of the IK. Lastly the paper looks at the challenges faced by African countries in harnessing information communication technologies in preserving IK and gives recommendations on the way forward.     

从信息管理到知识管理

本文通过信息、信息管理、知识、知识管理之间概念的辨析 ,论述了知识管理与信息管理的区别与联系 ,阐述了知识管理在管理的对象、管理的方式和技术以及管理的目标上的拓展、改进和深化。最后得出结论 :知识管理是信息管理适应知识经济时代发展的必然结果 ,知识管理是信息科学发展中新的增长点。     

试论图书馆知识管理的管理核心

讨论图书馆知识管理的形成,提出图书馆知识管理的核心是智力知识资源的管理.通过对知识管理管理核心的特征分析,探讨其实现途径,并指出智力知识管理是图书馆服务可持续发展战略的关键.     

知识管理与知识领航:新世纪图书馆学门的战略使命

论述了知识管理的诞生和近代知识管理的发展,认为知识管理的主要内容涉及知识创新处理技术、知识组织的管理方法和知识扩散的途径等;最新的知识管理的核心观念包括网络化知识管理、网域化知识管理和全球化知识管理。还论述了知识领航从1960年至2010年的应用发展,涉及发展阶段、领航范围、情报域区、领航工具、领航员素质、基地型态等;并对21世纪的知识管理与知识领航作了展望。     

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在分析知识经济给企业带来的挑战和企业所面临的新的管理问题的基础上,从管理学的角度对知识进行再认识,阐述显性知识和隐性知识的概念,分析知识管理所面对的管理任务和目标,介绍已经投入实际运用的知识管理策略和工具。     

本土知识与本土知识数据库的建设探讨

本土知识是人类文化的历史积淀,在当今多元化发展的社会中越来越受到重视,许多发展中国家已经开始意识到保护本土知识的重要性。本土文化的延续在于代际间的传递。数字图书馆能以生动、形象的方式记录本土知识的最初面貌,并通过对本土知识的收藏和整理为其传递、共享和利用提供重要的平台。印度等国在建设和利用本土知识数据库方面的成功做法,对我国开发本土知识数据库、发展本土知识数字图书馆、保护本土知识具有巨大的借鉴意义。     

Challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of indigenous knowledge in Nigeria

Indigenous knowledge (IK) and practices are usually unwritten, relying on oral transmission and on memory. This reliance often led to distortions. IK is relevant for development especially in arts, music, language, agriculture, medicine, crafts, theatre and natural resources management. It then becomes imperative that indigenous knowledge be documented and communicated as necessary to obtain its benefit where applicable. Nigeria needs to participate fully in the global exchange and dissemination of information to develop socially and economically. The paper reviews the documentation of IK for communication in print, audiovisual and electronic forms and highlights the challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of IK in Nigeria. It is suggested that libraries should coordinate their activities in this area and co-operate with other stakeholders, government and other funding agencies in tackling these challenges.     

流程导向的企业实时知识管理:内涵、特征与意义

企业知识管理出现了两大理论方向:流程导向和实时导向。基于二者本身的不足以及知识管理和知识的本质,本研究提出流程为实时知识管理提供一种方向,实时知识管理为流程导向提供一种实现途径,并对知识管理的本质、战略、边界等问题进行了新的阐释。     

中小企业情境知识应用调查分析及建模探讨——以河南新乡地区中小企业为例

以中小企业中IC工作部门的设置、人员组成结构及高层对此项工作的态度等诸多现实问题为切入点,在阐述知识管理中情境的概念、特点和分类基础上,分析情境与知识管理的关系,对区域性企业KM与IC工作开展的现状和存在的问题进行调研。为在企业知识管理中系统有效地开展KM和应用情境,利用集成情境知识管理(KMIC)方法及目标,实现企业KMIC的关键技术,并构建企业KMIC系统,使KM和竞争情报工作更加切合本地企业的实际状况提供一定的佐证。最后证明企业的发展是由对IC工作的重视程度以及KMIC的效果来决定的。