Visual analysis of single-subject studies by school psychologists

Visual inference is the predominant mode of data analysis reported in single-subject research; however, this process is subject to systematic biases that affect its use. To guide the process of visual inference, a four-step model is presented for the assessment of: (a) reliability, (b) intervention effect, (c) meaningfulness, and (d) generalizability. A Visual Inference Checklist (VIC) systematizes this assessment process.     

对应原理的普遍性

通过对一些实例的分析 ,得出 :不仅量子理论和经典理论之间存在对应关系 ,而且牛顿力学和相对论力学之间、几何光学与波动光学之间也存在对应关系 ,因此 ,对应原理具有普遍性。把它渗透到教学中 ,将有利于提高学生的学习、研究素质。对进一步科研也有指导性作用。     

隐喻认知的普遍性研究

语言结构折射出人的内在认知机制结构和思维的实际活动。本文正是基于这一考虑,从隐喻的认知根源出发,分析了多种隐喻中的普遍想象;并认为隐喻现象的普遍性反映了人类在认知过程中的普遍性,隐喻认知的普遍性研究使我们更好的理解隐喻的产生、功能及其工作机制并为更深入的认识语言与思维的关系提供了一种新的研究视角。     

Externalizing behavior disorders, situational generality, and the type A behavior pattern

Measures of the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) in children have demonstrated good sensitivity but problematic specificity. Using the most popular measure of childhood TABP, a teacher rating scale called the MYTH, we sought to (a) replicate earlier findings of extensive overlap between TABP and externalizing behavior problems, (b) further distinguish between and extend the empirical networks for the positive (Competition) and negative (Impatience-Aggression) components of TABP, and (c) explore cross-situational generality. Normal boys and those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed on multiple instruments in diverse contexts. ADHD boys obtained higher TABP Total and Impatience-Aggression scores than normal boys, and these scores were associated with a wide array of behavior problems and peer difficulties. In contrast, the Competition subscale was related to popularity and athleticism and, inversely, to internalizing problems. Discussion focused on the construct validity of the MYTH, the heterogeneity of boys identified by the MYTH as showing the TABP, and the need for distinguishing research uses of the measure from applications of the TABP concept.     

The unit of analysis for situated assessment

We begin with a discussion of contemporary approaches to assessment highlighting their reliance on a static, linear model of knowledgeable performance. Next we describe an ecological psychology approach to problem solving. Then, we propose the adoption of an agent-environment interaction as the unit of analysis. We continue by describing the problem-solving process from an ecological psychology perspective, to clarify the intentional unit. We close with a discussion of functional validity, the value added by access to assessment information during the problem-solving process.     

学生学习活动中的个人主体性与类主体性分析

个人主体性与类主体性作为两种不同的主体性,其基本特点分别是占有与生产。具有个人主体性的学生在学习活动过程中形成了客观性知识观、以机械学习为主、丧失与他人交往,最终只能得到片面的发展。而具有类主体性的学生,在学习活动过程中形成了建构性知识观、以意义学习为主、建立与他人合作的关系,最终实现自主全面的发展。要实现学生学习活动中从个人主体性到类主体性的转变,就要关注学生自主意识和自我调控能力培养、促进学生对人际互动的参与以及建立“以学生全面发展为本”的课堂文化。     

简论中西唱法的异同与融合

研究中西唱法的目的在于求同探异,融会贯通,为逐步形成中国声乐鲜明的民族艺术特色、建立中国的声乐学派以及为中国声乐走向世界奠定理论基础。     

基于Matlab的古塔倾斜数据分析及监测

利用Matlab对某古塔1986年、1996年、2009年和2011年的观测数据进行了分析,依据观测数值,找出了古塔每层的中心点,对古塔的扭曲、弯曲、倾斜等进行了分析,得出了随着时间的推移,古塔的变形程度会进一步增加的结论.     

一个销售分析系统的数据仓库设计

传统的数据库管理系统不能满足连锁销售企业进一步的决策分析需求,数据仓库技术的出现使企业原有的数据能得到更深一层的应用.文章探讨了一个销售数据仓库的设计思路,对系统的总体结构、目标与功能、系统的设计方法以及系统开发工具进行了系统深入的研究.     

一个销售分析系统的数据仓库设计

传统的数据库管理系统不能满足连锁销售企业进一步的决策分析需求,数据仓库技术的出现使企业原有的数据能得到更深一层的应用.文章探讨了一个销售数据仓库的设计思路,对系统的总体结构、目标与功能、系统的设计方法以及系统开发工具进行了系统深入的研究.     

An analysis of the programme for international student assessment 2000 (PISA 2000) mathematical literacy data for brazilian, japanese and norwegian students

A linear structural model was studied to investigate the factors affecting reading literacy and mathematical literacy skills of 15-year-old students in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 data across different cultural settings. Brazil, Japan, and Norway were selected for the purpose of comparison on the basis of their rankings in the PISA 2000 study. The factors studied were attitudes towards reading, student-teacher relations, classroom climate, communication with parents, use of technology, attitudes towards mathematics, and reading literacy. The results indicated that the latent independent variable with the strongest effect on mathematical literacy is the use of technology in Brazil, communication with parents in Japan, and attitudes towards reading in Norway. In all the three countries, reading literacy has the strongest effect on mathematical literacy skills; mathematical literacy has a stronger relation to attitudes towards mathematics; attitudes towards reading is negatively related to mathematical literacy measures but positively related to reading literacy measures, and finally, communication with parents has a positive relation with reading literacy skills. A disciplined classroom environment fosters more success in PISA tests in Japan; on the other hand, in Brazil a reversed result is found for this particular variable. The use of technology has a strong influence on reading skills in Brazil; however, no and negative effects of this variable are observed in Norway and Japan respectively. These findings are discussed with reference to cultural context.     

The changing prepositions of assessment practice: assessment of,for and as learning

Book Reviewed in this article: Feedback for Learning S. ASKEW (Ed.) Promoting Assessment as Learning R. Dann Developing Portfolios for Learning and Assessment V. Klenowski     

WINDOWS系统下基于底层数据分析的数据恢复研究

针对WINDOWS系统下的数据恢复问题,在研究分析NTFS文件系统的基础上,阐述了NTFS文件系统数据恢复的方法和与原理,系统全面的提供了文件数据内容数据恢复机制,能解决NTFS下常驻与非常驻文件的数据恢复难题,通过存储介质底层数据分析和实例,详细研究和分析了NTFS文件的数据恢复。数据恢复实践表明,基于存储介质底层数据分析进行NTFS数据恢复呈现了快速而有效的特点。     

莫泊桑、契诃夫、欧亨利小说艺术特征共性琐议

世界短篇小说三大巨匠莫泊桑、契诃夫、欧亨利作为批判现实主义大师，他们身上有太多的相似之处：作品中对现实的高度概括，精巧的构思，真实的细节描写，都向读者展示了他们生活的那个时代的风貌，而且在艺术上也体现了他们共同的美学追求。     

The overall effects of end-of-course assessment on student performance: A comparison between multiple choice testing, peer assessment, case-based assessment and portfolio assessment

This study investigates the effect of method of assessment on student performance. Five research conditions go together with one of four assessment modes, namely: portfolio, case-based, peer assessment, and multiple choice evaluation. Data collection is done by means of a pre-test/ post-test-design with the help of two standardised tests (N=816). Results show that assessment method does make a difference: assessments do not produce overall effects on student performance. Moreover, student-activating instruction efforts do not automatically result in more extensive learning gains. Finally, test results show, when compared to other assessments, a statistically significant positive effect of the multiple choice test on students' test scores. However, students' preparation level and the closed book format of the tests might serve explanatory purposes.     

Modeling data quality for risk assessment of GIS

This paper presents a methodology to determine three data quality (DQ) risk characteristics: accuracy, comprehensiveness and nonmembership. The methodology provides a set of quantitative models to confirm the information quality risks for the database of the geographical information system (GIS). Four quantitative measures are introduced to examine how the quality risks of source information affect the quality of information outputs produced using the relational algebra operations Selection, Projection, and Cubic Product. It can be used to determine how quality risks associated with diverse data sources affect the derived data. The GIS is the prime source of information on the location of cables, and detection time strongly depends on whether maps indicate the presence of cables in the construction business. Poor data quality in the GIS can contribute to increased risk or higher risk avoidance costs. A case study provides a numerical example of the calculation of the trade-offs between risk and detection costs and provides an example of the calculation of the costs of data quality. We conclude that the model contributes valuable new insight.     

A case for the use of single-subject methodology in reading research

The purpose of this article is to provide information about single case experimental research methodologies and to delineate a rationale for their use in certain types of reading research. The following facets are treated: history of single subject research; individual data analysis; repeated and frequent measurement of variables; baseline measurement; internal and external validity; and designs.     

研究生奖学金评选工作的实践与探讨

本文首先明确了研究生奖学金评选应该遵循的几个原则 ,然后通过一个具体的案例 ,分别从奖学金评选条例的制定、奖学金评选的组织以及奖学金发放等几个方面探讨了如何在研究生日常管理工作中注重发挥思想教育功能 ,并从中得出了几点启示     

数据挖掘在电子商务中的应用分析

电子商务过程中产生了大量的数据,数据挖掘是对这些数据进行分析的有效方法．本文分析了数据挖掘的功能及其在电子商务中的应用,提出在电子商务过程中有针对性地为数据挖掘收集数据,采用有指导的挖掘及适合电子商务特点的挖掘算法。