世界中世纪史名词解释

阿里乌斯派(Arianism):公元三世纪出现的基督教的一个派别。其创始人为利比亚教区主教阿里乌斯(Arius)。(利比亚教区属亚历山大里亚(Alexandaria 大主教区。)阿里乌斯精通辨证术、雄辞善辨。他反对“三位一体”的教义,约于318年提出圣子(即基督)不能与圣父相比,圣子他不过是所有造物当中最初和最尊贵者,不象圣父那样无始无终而且     

论苏格拉底的和谐社会思想

一、苏格拉底和谐社会思想的提出(一)哲学由“天上”回归“人间”“天上”,泛指一切自然万物;“人间”则指人的社会关系。哲学由“天上”回归“人间”,是指哲学的主要研究视角由前苏格拉底的“宇宙”向“社会和个人”转变。实现这种转变、第一次将哲学从“天上”拉回“人间”的     

从神学辩证法到历史辩证法--论黑格尔辩证法在辩证发展史上的环节意义

黑格尔辩证法在整个辩证发展史上起着一个承上启下的环节作用。辩证法的发展经历了一个基督教神学三位一体辩证法、黑格尔思辨哲学辩证法以及马克思主义哲学历史辩证法的逻辑发展过程。神学辩证法中圣父、圣子和圣灵的关系，黑格尔辩证法中普遍性、特殊性和个体性的关系与马克思主义历史辩证法中人的“种生命”、“类生命”和“自我生命”的关系是辩证法自身发展的正、反、合的过程。通过对这三者关系的考察，可得知黑格尔辩证法是从神学辩证法向历史辩证法发展的必然环节。     

天主教与新教异同点扫描

高三《思想政治》全一册课本第 12 5页第二段说 :“我国有多种宗教并行流传。从国外传入的有佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教 ,中国土生土长的有道教 ,合称为我国的五大宗教。”由于课本在这里没有说明传入我国的基督教其实就是新教 ,因此不少学生认为天主教是同基督教相对立的两个不同教派 ,造成不少混乱。为了避免这种不必要的混乱 ,使学生对基督教的两个派别有一比较全面的认识 ,下面从两者的异同点入手进行比较。天主教、新教同属基督教 ,两教有许多相同之处。如天主教和新教都把耶稣列在“三位一体”(圣父、圣子、圣灵 )里的第二位 ;都…     

似花,还似非花——“尹雪艳”形象象征意味新探

作为谜样的女人,白先勇笔下的尹雪艳,既像是“红颜祸水”,又宛若“命运女神”,在作者冷静、含蓄的客观视角下,实际是一个精心设计的象征符号。透过这个多棱角符号折射出白先勇对“过去”、“存在”的暧昧哲思。     

《世说新语》的叙事学分析：“雅”-“俗”的审美基本模式

《世说新语》虽有千余条各自独立的故事,但这些故事的基本叙事结构相同,因此可以把其作为一个统一的叙事文本,借用现代结构主义叙事学的“角色模式”与“语义方阵”理论去寻找其基本叙事模式。从众多故事中提炼出《世说新语》的基本叙事功能:人物鉴赏;基本叙事流程:被鉴赏者的“雅”从隐蔽到显现的过程;“雅”的基本规定性———生命的本真存在与自然显现,不但指清谈、赏誉等“美”,也指汰侈、忿狷等“丑”;基本叙事动力:社会鉴赏审美倾向,对凡是能成为审美对象的现象(包括在社会规范之外的自然状态)加以鉴赏。     

从撒旦的角度看《失乐园》中上帝形象的塑造

从叙述学的角度出发,撒旦的“人物视角”可以用来分析和考察《失乐园》中上帝的形象。对上帝的“能”,撒旦经历了一个从藐视到抵触到最终承认的过程;而对于上帝的“善”,撒旦对圣父的善痛快承认,但他拒绝承认和接受圣子之善。撒旦所感知的上帝形象与史诗中旁观叙述者所感知的上帝形象大为不同,这种不同正是《失乐园》中叙述艺术精妙之所在。     

可恨的“祝融”

传说，在遥远的天上，有一个地方叫“天庭”，天庭里居住着许多种仙，其中有一个神仙叫“祝融”，他是一个火神，专门掌管天上人间的一切火源。火是人间不可缺少的，所以人们敬奉祝融，为他塑像修庙、敬奉香火。可是，当祝融生硬地撞入我的眼里时，他竟是那么可憎、可恨。     

表层叙事结构:对史传文学英雄故事模式的讽刺性模仿--《阿Q正传》叙事文化学分析之一

《阿Q正传》表层叙事结构是对中国古代源远流长的史传英雄故事模式的讽刺性模仿,这个英雄故事模式主要由“出生寒微但少有大志———历经挫折磨难困苦———风云际会乘势而起———终于建立丰功伟绩”这几个基本环节构成,它们在《阿Q正传》中被作了贬低化、滑稽化处理,结果使得英雄豪杰的正剧或悲剧变成了小丑的滑稽性喜剧。     

张欣小说的叙事结构分析

本文借鉴结构主义叙事理论和批评方法,系统解析和概括张欣小说的叙事结构和内在模式。张欣的以现代都市生存奋挣者为主人公的诸多小说,其叙事展开大致包括45种逻辑顺序基本相同的“陈述”;在此基础上可以抽取出其叙事的9种序列;进一步即可概括出其叙事的抽象结构。这也是女主人公群体的心路历程和命运轨迹的集中呈现,即:失落→困顿→尝试→蜕变→自我确证。从这一抽象结构中,我们可以揭示出作家独特的艺术思维和认知范式。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.