反应时测量方法有效性的研究

研究采用实验及统计分析法，对45名体院学生反应时测量结果的有效性进行定量分析。结果表明：目前常用的用总反应时替代反应时的测量方法的有效性较低（r=0.92），测量结果不能客观反映受试者的反应速度。反应时的测量应先测量受试者的总反应时，然后测量受试者的运动时，最后根据公式：反应时=总反应时-运动时计算出每个受试者的反应时。总反应时和运动时呈低度负相关系数（r=-0.09），说明反应速度和动作速度测量互相不能替代。不同个体之间总反应时变异系数的平均值为23.6％，变异系数高达58.6％。不同个体之间总反应时变异系数与平均值之间的相关系数为0.525。反应能力的评价，应采用反应时和总反应时的变异系数两个指标进行综合评价。     

网球运动员反应判断与自信心的研究

网球技术动作的结果或运动成绩取决于若干因素--运动员对对方技术的感知、判断和运动员对自己动作的控制等环节,这些环节又直接与自信心和行为控制相关.研究专业网球运动员和业余网球运动员在这些环节中的反应时、反应准确度和信心程度.研究结果表明,专业网球运动员和业余网球运动员在反应时方面没有明显差异,但在反应准确度和信心程度上专业运动员显著高于业余运动员;左强势手运动员的反应时、反应准确度和信心程度略胜于右强势手运动员;反应时与反应准确度的相关关系大于反应时与信心程度的相关关系.     

反应时测量方法可靠性的研究

研究采用实验及统计分析法，对44名体院学生的光简单反应时分别用不同重复测量次数进行多次测量，用积差相关法、单因素方差分析等方法对测量数据的可靠性及相关系数用spss7.5软件进行统计分析。结果表明：反应对重复测量的最佳次数是20次，取值的最好方法是剔除5次最大值和5次最小值计算平均值。可靠性系数可达到0.97。     

浅析世界优秀男子短跑运动员反应时与运动成绩关系

采用文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,对短跑运动员的反应时与运动成绩进行了分析和研究。结果显示运动员的反应时与最终的运动员成绩不成相关性。是为教练员和运动员的科学训练提供一些合理性建议。     

竞技运动与反应时

回顾了体育运动领域有关反应时问题的一些具有代表性的研究,评价了这些研究的理论意义和实践意义,着重讨论了研究中存在的问题和解决方法,指出:应采用措施在一定范围内统一测量仪器和测量程序以提高各研究结论的可比性;利用统计学手段控制有机体变量对反应时的影响以提高研究结论的可靠性;注意对研究结果进行理论分析,避免先入为主的草率结论。     

半时反应在运动中的应用初探

半时反应是运动生化中的一个重要概念,反映了能量在体内的消耗和恢复的过程。在体育比赛的过程中,掌握半时反应规律,可以了解自身的身体状况,并且根据对手情况和场上形势的变化,制定出有利于自己的战术计划和方案。从能量的角度出发,选择自己能量最充足的时候攻击对手的能量恢复期,用最经济的手段可以取得最佳的战术效果。     

视觉反应时对乒乓球运动成绩影响的研究

目的:通过对辽宁省乒乓球男队运动员视觉反应时分析,探讨反应时对乒乓球运动成绩的影响.方法:选取辽宁省乒乓球男队的全体运动员作为研究对象,先按年龄分层,再按运动成绩(国内比赛成绩和队内比赛成绩)分成运动成绩良好组和运动成绩一般组,用计算机视觉反应时测定软件同时测定2组运动员视觉简单反应时与视觉复杂反应时.结果:运动成绩良好组的运动员视觉简单平均反应时、视觉简单最快反应时、视觉简单最慢反应时与视觉复杂平均反应时、视觉复杂最快反应时、视觉复杂最慢反应时均比运动成绩一般组的运动员短,差异均有显著性(t平均=3.60、t最快=3.04、t最慢=2.68,P均＜0.05;t'平均=3.52、t'最快=2.38、t'最慢=2.31,P均＜0.05).结论:视觉反应时与乒乓球运动成绩显著相关,视觉反应快的运动员运动成绩好;可作为专业乒乓球运动员选材的一项参考指标.     

对体育运动中反应时的探讨与研究

通过观察专业运动员与业余练习者的反应时测验得出:专业运动员反应时不仅在安静状态比业余组短,而且在递增运动负荷时的反应时也都短于业余组。无论是反应时还是反应速度,专业组与业余组都存在一定的差异,因此体育运动能提高神经肌肉的反应性,促进灵敏素质的发展,增强机体适应能力。     

不同水平男子乒乓球运动觉视—动作反应的研究

本文选取3个不同层次水平的男子乒乓球运动员,从速度和准确性两个方面对其视觉-动作反应能力进行综合评定。     

Movement Duration,Fractionated Reaction Time,and Response Programming

The purpose of this study was to determine how the manipulation of movement duration affects components of fractionated reaction time and presumably motor programming. Twelve subjects, in a simple reaction time paradigm, responded to an auditory signal by executing an elbow flexion movement in the sagittal plane through a range of motion of 100° in 150, 300, 600 and 1200 ms. Results indicated no changes in motor time but small increments in premotor and reaction time through the 600 ms condition. At 1200 ms, reaction time increased faster than premotor time, and this appeared to be predominantly a consequence of an increment in motor time. These data were interpreted to be supportive of the notion that movement duration is related to response complexity and the time required for motor programming.     

Programming Time as a Function of Movement Constraint

Abstract

Although the benefits of exercise are well documented, an international problem of physical inactivity exists. More research, especially theory based, has been recommended. One promising approach for studying exercise behavior is that proposed in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change. This model, however, has received minimal cross-cultural attention and, relative to the current study, measurement instruments have only recently been translated into the Finnish language. The purpose of this study was to assess American and Finnish college students' exercise behaviors on the basis of TTM. Participants were American (n = 169) and Finnish (n = 168) college students who completed language-specific measures of exercise behavior, stage of change, processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation. The only cultural difference observed was that the American participants rated themselves higher on barrier self-efficacy relative to the Finnish participants. Regardless of nationality or gender, participants classified by their stage of change differed on all the core constructs assessed. These results generally support the utility of TTM for understanding American and Finnish college students' exercise behavior.     

Sex and Athletic Status as Factors in Reaction Latency and Movement Time

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of sex and athletic status on reaction latencies and movement time. One hundred subjects, categorized into five groups of 20 subjects each—male athletes (MA), female athletes (FA), male nonathletes (MNA), female nonathletes (FNA), and control group (CG)—were tested over a period of five consecutive days. Several different types of incentives were used to ensure that subjects provided the fastest times possible. Two blocks of 25 trials were administered to each subject on each day. A 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 2 mixed factorial analysis of variance was used to test for between-subject differences of group (experimental/control), sex, and athletic status and for within-subject differences of days and blocks. The four dependent variables were reaction time (RT) mean, RT consistency, movement time (MT) mean, and MT consistency. Results did not support the classic finding of male superiority over females in RT/MT or athletes' superiority over nonathletes. Evidence of athletic superiority emerged, but for the first day of practice only. As subjects were allowed extended practice over a 5-day test period in which knowledge of results (KR) and other incentives were provided, differences in the experimental groups disappeared. Sex was the predominant factor in consistency, with males being less variable in RT (p = .02) performance than females. There were no sex differences in MT consistency.     

影响反应速度的因素与训练方法研究

随着现代体育运动技术的发展,时间因素在竞技比赛中起着越来越重要的作用,反应时也由此成为体育运动中人们所关注的一个重要问题。在需要快速反应的运动项目中,对反应时的研究,显得尤为重要。本研究运用文献资料法,分析了影响反应速度的因素主要有生理机制、遗传、年龄和训练方法。提炼了近年来的研究成果,突出了速度素质在训练中重要作用.旨在为同行提供有益参考。     

注意分配训练对优秀散打运动员反应速度和动作准确性影响研究

采用6项注意分配训练任务对散打运动员进行4周注意分配训练,监测反应速度、动作准确性两指标的变化情况。旨在探讨注意分配训练对散打运动员反应速度和动作准确性影响,并通过反应速度和动作准确性来评价注意分配训练的效果。结果表明,4周注意分配训练对优秀散打运动员反应速度和动作准确性有一定程度的提高,但提高幅度较小,可能是由于训练时间较短造成的;男、女散打运动员在反应速度和动作准确性上有所差异,男性反应速度和准确性优于女性;从速度—准确性均衡性上看,反应速度在235～295ms之间时,男子散打运动员的动作准确性下降的程度小于女子。     

Movement Time Modulates Spatial Assimilation Effects in Rapid Bimanual Movements

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between use of the conventional football shoe and the epidemic of knee injuries occurring in organized football. All knee injuries in the Public High School League in 1968 and in the Catholic High School League in 1969, when players in the respective leagues wore the conventional shoe, were documented. During the 1969 and 1970 seasons, all Public League players wore “soccer type” shoes with molded soles containing fourteen ?-inch cleats. All Catholic League players wore similar shoes in 1970. In both leagues, all practices and games were conducted on natural turf. Injuries occurring with the soccer type shoe were documented. Comparison of the two groups demonstrated a marked decrease in both the incidence and severity of knee injuries in both leagues when the players wore the multi-cleated shoe. It is strongly recommended that the conventional football shoe be condemned and that only shoes meeting the following specifications be permitted: (a) synthetic molded sole, (b) minimum of 14 cleats per shoe, (c) minimum cleat tip diameter of ½ inch, (d) maximum cleat length of ? inch.     

论速度素质与训练

本文从速度素质的理论进行了基本总结，并提出了发展速度素质的训练方法。     

Fractionated Reaction Time Responses to Auditory and Electrocutaneous Stimuli

Abstract

It is well documented that simple reaction time (RT) varies inversely with stimulus intensity, but there is disagreement as to which stimulus modality produces the fastest simple RT. An investigation was conducted to equate two stimulus modalities, auditory (A) and electrocutaneous (EC), using varying stimulus intensities in a simple RT protocol. A second investigation was then conducted to examine neuromotor characteristics of stimulus-evoked responses using previously equated A and EC stimuli of varying intensity from the first investigation. Results showed that RT, premotor time (PMT), and motor time (MT) were all inversely related to stimulus intensity, while maximum displacement (MAXD) was directly related to stimulus intensity, and movement time was not affected by stimulus intensity. We conclude that: (a) both central and peripheral components of RT are altered by varying stimulus intensities, and (b) rapid movements are enhanced by increasing stimulus intensity.     

青少年散打运动员与成年散打运动员反应时的比较研究

文章通过对青少年散打运动员与成年散打运动员的反应时进行了测验,研究结果表明:青少年散打运动员简单反应时与成年运动员没有显著差别,但选择反应时和错次反应,青少年组与成年组有显著性差异,因而散打运动员通过系统的长时间的散打运动能提高神经肌肉的反应性,促进灵敏素质的发展,增强机体适应能力。文章通过对反应时的研究,希望对散打运动的选材和科学化训练提出一些建议和帮助。