科学教育专业基础生物学课程体系的研究

分析赣南师范学院科学教育专业04、05、06级基础生物学课程开设现状,通过比较部分师范院校科学教育专业开设基础生物学课程的情况,以及对中学科学标准、中学生物学课程标准、高等学校本科生物科学专业规范教学内容的比较,对科学教育专业学生应掌握的生物学基本知识进行了分析,对科学教育专业开设的基础生物学课程进行了认真分析研究,初步构建适合科学教育专业特点的基础生物学的课程体系．     

高中生物教学中提升学生生物科学素养的策略研究

众所周知,高中生物教学是基础生物教学,注重知识传授,更关注对于学生生物素养的培养。新课程改革就明确将提升学生生物素养写进了标准中。那么,怎样才能在高中生物教学中提升学生的生物科学素养呢?该文将对此展开探究。     

Diagrammatic Literacy in Secondary Science Education

Students in secondary science education seem to have difficulties with understanding diagrams. The present study focused on explanatory factors that predict students’ difficulties with process diagrams, i.e., diagrams that describe a process consisting of components that are related by arrows. From 18 compulsory national Biology exams of secondary school pre-university students, all process diagram tasks (n?=?64) were included in corpus. Features of the task, student, and diagram were related to the difficulty of that particular task, indicated by the cohort mean exam score. A hierarchical regression analysis showed main effects for (1) the cognitive task demand, (2) the familiarity of the components, and (3) the number of components in a diagram. All these main effects were in the expected direction. We also observed interactions. Within the category of tasks with a high cognitive demand, tasks about a diagram of which students have low prior content knowledge were more difficult than tasks about a diagram of which students have high prior content knowledge. Tasks with a high cognitive demand about a diagram with familiar arrows were, surprisingly, more difficult than tasks with a high cognitive demand about a diagram with unfamiliar arrows. This latter finding might be attributed to compensation for task difficulty by the large number of components in the diagrams involved. The final model explained 46 % of the variance in exam scores. These results suggest that students have difficulties (1) with tasks that require a deeper understanding when the content is new, (2) with diagrams that use unfamiliar component conventions, and (3) with diagrams that have a small number of components and are therefore probably more abstract.     

浅谈电大学生信息素养教育

探讨了信息素养的内涵,信息素养教育对电大学生的重要意义,电大学生对信息素养教育需求以及怎样对电大学生进行信息素养教育等几个方面的问题。     

我国未成年学生媒介素养教育探析

我国有关开展媒介素养教育的理论研究还不够深入,中小学校实施媒介素养教育的实践也刚开始探索。本研究首先对国内外媒介素养教育理念与实践进行综述,提出着手建设我国特色的媒介素养教育生态系统,来提升未成年学生媒介素养的课题,接着讨论媒介素养教育的内涵,对其内部内容和外部结构进行充实,提出我国开展未成年学生媒介素养教育的基本内容,并提出若干具体实施建议与策略。     

Preparing Science Teachers for Culturally Diverse Students: Developing Cultural Literacy Through Cultural Immersion, Cultural Translators and Communities of Practice

This three year study of P-12 professional development is grounded in sociocultural theories that hold that building knowledge and relationships among individuals from different cultural backgrounds entails joint activity toward common goals and cultural dialogues mediated by cultural translators. Sixty P-12 pre and in-service teachers in a year long interdisciplinary science curriculum course shared the goal of developing culturally relevant, standards-based science curricula for Native Hawai'ian students. Teachers and Native Hawai'ian instructors lived and worked together during a five day culture-science immersion in rural school and community sites and met several times at school, university, and community sites to build knowledge and share programs. Teachers were deeply moved by immersion experiences, learned to connect cultural understandings, e.g., a Hawai'ian sense of place and curriculum development, and highly valued collaborating with peers on curriculum development and implementation. The study finds that long term professional development providing situated learning through cultural immersion, cultural translators, and interdisciplinary instruction supports the establishment of communities of practice in which participants develop the cross-cultural knowledge and literacy needed for the development of locally relevant, place and standards-based curricula and pedagogy.     

Science and Mathematics Literacy: PISA for Better School Education

In this study, we explored how a teacher used a new mobile application that enables students to collect data inside and outside the classroom, and then use the data to create scientific explanations by using claim-evidence-reasoning framework. Previous technologies designed to support scientific explanations focused on how these programs improve students’ scientific explanations, but these programs ignored how scientific explanation applications can support teacher practices. Thus, to increase our knowledge about using mobile devices in education, this study aims to portray the synergy with an emphasis on a teacher’s practices when using mobile devices in 2 different units (water quality and plants). Synergy can be thought of as various scaffolds (scaffolds in the mobile application and the teacher support) working together to enable students to support creating explanations when using the mobile application. The findings of this study showed that the decrease in the teacher’s support for claims did not affect the quality of the students’ claims. On the other hand, the quality of students’ reasoning was linked with the teacher’s practices. This suggests that when supporting students’ explanations, focusing on components that students find challenging would benefit students’ construction of explanations. To achieve synergy in this process, the collaboration between teacher’s practices, professional development days, and scaffolds designed to support the teacher played a crucial role in aiding students in creating explanations.     

生物教学应注重科学教育与人文教育的融合

在生物学教学中融合人文教育是素质教育的需要,教师可以通过德育渗透和挖掘学科蕴合的美来陶冶学生情操、完善学生人格。     

对高等院校大学生开展信息素质教育的思考

信息素质是人的整体素质的一部分,也是当代大学生素质结构的重要内容之一。该文从信息素质教育的基本内容入手,结合当前高校信息素质教育的实际情况,提出了加强大学生信息素质教育的几项措施。     

浅议大学生信息素质教育

分析信息素质教育产生的时代背景和信息素质概念的内涵,并针对大学生信息素质教育的现状,阐明加强信息素质教育的必要性和应采取的一些措施。     

Instructional Settings in Science for Students with Disabilities: Implications for Teacher Education

Finding appropriate instructional settings in science for students with disabilities is challenging, and the range of services or placements used is currently unknown. This study identifies administrative structures, instructional settings, and special/general education teacher roles in teaching science to students with disabilities. A phone survey was conducted with special education coordinators of fifth graders in 137 districts in Texas. Survey data indicated that while nearly all districts reported special education settings for the instruction of science for students with disabilities, some districts provided only general education settings. Theoretical and practical implications for teacher preparation are discussed.     

师范院校本科生信息素质教育研究

从我国高等师范教育改革的实际出发,分析了信息素质的构成及师范院校本科生信息素质教育的必要性,并结合本校几年来信息素质教育实践探讨了师范院校本科生信息素质教育的途径。     

Informal Science Education: A Practicum for Graduate Students

We present results from a course, “Informal Science Education for Scientists: A Practicum,” co-taught to graduate students in STEM-related fields by a scientist/engineer and a social scientist/humanist. This course provides a structured framework and experiential learning about informal science education during a semester-long experience. The data collected across six years of the course (11 ≤ n ≤ 16 for each) provide strong evidence that the course has been effective in encouraging graduate students in STEM-related fields to feel more skilled at and confident with informal science education. Details are provided as to how manipulation of the course structure (i.e. making it project-based, emphasizing understanding audiences, stressing the iterative nature of design, and increasing evaluation research training) influenced the student outcomes.     

Science Education and Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) are increasingly expected to master content in the general education curriculum, making the need for effective instructional supports more important than ever before. Science is a part of the curriculum that can be particularly challenging to students with LD because of the diverse demands it places on cognitive performance. In this summary we review a number of strategies that have been validated for learners with LD. The strategies include supports for (a) verbal learning of declarative information, (b) processing information in texts, (c) activities‐based instruction/experiential learning, (d) scientific thinking and reasoning, and (e) differentiated instruction. We also summarize the research regarding the impact of teacher behavior on achievement for students with LD in science education. The strategies reviewed yield tangible and positive effect sizes that suggest that their application to the target domain will substantially improve outcomes for students with LD in science education.     

科学素养:当代科学教育改革的主旋律

在现代社会里,每一个人都有很多有关个人和社会的事务需要应用科学知识、科学方法和科学的世界观作出适当的决策。因此,具备良好科学素养的人在今天科学技术起主导作用的社会里生活起来可以更应对自如。传统的、重视学科结构和英才培养的科学教育理念,已不能适应现代社会发展的需要。目前,世界上很多国家都把培养学生的科学素养作为科学教育改革的主旋律。     

高中生物学学困生的教育转化策略

针对高中生物学学困生的日常表现,提出教育转化策略,包括通过榜样示范使学困生端正学习态度,提高学困生的课堂参与度,指导学困生建立正确的学习方法,培养学困生掌握解题技巧,帮助学困生复习巩固和总结反思。教师需不断提高教学水平,为高中生物学教学质量的提高和学生的全面发展提供帮助。