Formal and informal interorganizational learning within strategic alliances

Learning behaviors of employees can be either formalized (in the form of programmed events and visits) or informal (in the form of spontaneous interaction and knowledge sharing). We investigate the effect that both types of learning behaviors have on interorganizational learning of substantive knowledge in the context of an alliance. We also look at the effects that the two forms of learning behavior have on each other. We find that while informal learning behaviors have a consistently positive effect on the learning outcome and on formal learning behaviors, this is not so for formal learning behaviors. The effect of formal behaviors on both learning outcome and informal behaviors, while positive, diminishes at higher levels. This leads us to conclude that although both informal and formal learning behaviors foster interorganizational learning, too much formalization obstructs learning. Similarly, while formally programmed behaviors do encourage informal learning behaviors of the boundary spanners, an excess of formalization stifles them.     

The role of the quality of shared information in interorganizational systems use

This study develops and tests a three-stage model that examines the role of the quality of shared information in interorganizational systems (IOS) use. The model provides a more inclusive method of measuring quality of shared information in IOS use through a re-examination of the impact of top management support and IT infrastructure capability, and by assessing the mediating effect of operational supply chain performance on the relationship between quality of shared information and overall firm performance. Our results suggest that the impact of the quality of shared information in IOS use on overall firm performance starts with top management support and IT infrastructure capability, and that these success factors positively impact the quality of shared information in IOS use. Moreover, our results indicate that the quality of shared information positively impacts operational supply chain performance, which, in turn, leads to improvements in overall firm performance. Overall, our results highlight the importance of high quality of shared information in IOS use.     

供应链中的知识流动与组织间学习

供应链是企业知识增长和价值创造的重要源泉。本文对供应链中的知识流动规律和组织间学习机制进行了研究，并对丰田供应链中的知识共享机制与组织间学习模式进行了分析。     

Examining supply chain collaboration with determinants and performance impact: Social capital,justice, and technology use perspectives

Supply chain collaboration is critical to achieving the integration of partners for performance impact. Two major concerns arise, organization's sharing behaviors and technology use behaviors. An organization's sharing behaviors relates to a decision of two perceptions among partners, commitment of network resources and fairness of network resources distribution. Further, technology use behaviors are important for members in IT-enabled supply chain. Social capital and justice issues intend to explain the two particular perceptions as IS success model defining technology use behaviors. This study integrates the three issues to examine their influence on supply chain collaboration and in turn, realized firm performance. Empirical findings report that technology use behaviors are most significant as other two issues are also concerned.     

技术学习对企业创新绩效的影响因素分析

 以上海、杭州、深圳、青岛、洛阳等地的118家企业作为研究对象，对技术学习如何通过影响企业技术能力进而影响企业创新绩效进行实证研究。结果表明，技术学习的五方面要素——学习源、学习内容、学习主体、学习层次和学习环境均会直接或通过影响技术能力间接影响企业创新绩效。其中，学习源对创新绩效不具备间接影响作用，学习环境对创新绩效不具备直接影响作用，而对于创新绩效影响最为显著的要素依次是学习内容、学习层次和学习源。     

企业网络与组织间学习的关系链模型

提出了企业网络与组织间学习的关系链模型,该模型包括两个方面：企业网络形成的组织间学习观和企业网络的组织间学习功能。前者包括企业竞争优势的知识驱动、企业缄默知识的高转移障碍以及企业网络转移缄默知识的有效性和高效性。后者包括企业网络的知识平台效应、学习途径关系及其提供的学习保障机制。     

动态能力、双元学习与新产品开发绩效

基于动态能力和组织学习理论,本文以双元学习为调节变量,构建了技术能力、营销能力影响新产品开发绩效的理论模型,并提出相应假设。213家中国企业的实证结果表明,技术能力、营销能力与新产品开发绩效的关系因学习方式的不同而有所差异。而且,双元学习平衡对于技术能力和营销能力的效用具有相反的调节作用。     

数字经济领域上市公司技术标准化能力对绩效的影响研究

以数字经济领域上市公司为研究对象,利用截至2018年12月31日相关标准与绩效数据,构建企业技术标准化能力四维评价指标,实证分析技术标准化能力对绩效的影响关系.研究结果显示,技术标准资源投入能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;牵头制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著负向影响;参与制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;行业标准制...     

Leveraging heuristic client selection for enhanced secure federated submodel learning

As the number of clients for federated learning (FL) has expanded to the billion level, a new research branch named secure federated submodel learning (SFSL) has emerged. In SFSL, mobile clients only download a tiny ratio of the global model from the coordinator’s global. However, SFSL provides little guarantees on the convergence and accuracy performance as the covered items may be highly biased. In this work, we formulate the problem of client selection through optimizing unbiased coverage of item index set for enhancing SFSL performance. We analyze the NP-hardness of this problem and propose a novel heuristic multi-group client selection framework by jointly optimizing index diversity and similarity. Specifically, heuristic exploration on some random client groups are performed progressively for an empirical approximate solution. Meanwhile, private set operations are used to preserve the privacy of participated clients. We implement the proposal by simulating large-scale SFSL application in a lab environment and conduct evaluations on two real-world data-sets. The results demonstrate the performance (w.r.t., accuracy and convergence speed) superiority of our selection algorithm than SFSL. The proposal is also shown to yield significant computation advantage with similar communication performance as SFSL.     

领导行为、组织学习能力与组织绩效关系研究

摘要：企业家的领导行为往往通过组织层面对组织绩效产生影响。本文通过对领导行为、组织学习能力与组织绩效三个不同层面的变量之间关系进行实证研究,得出如下主要结论：（1）企业家的TRC三种导向领导行为均对组织学习能力有显著影响,其中变革导向第一,关系导向行为第二,工作导向行为第三;（2）组织学习能力在关系导向、变革导向领导行为与组织绩效的关系起完全中介作用。论文最后讨论了本研究的贡献、不足及未来的改进方向。     

我国高新技术企业组织情绪能力、组织学习与企业创新绩效的关系研究

本研究通过对来自300余家我国高新技术企业问卷调查研究发现,企业组织情绪能力以组织学习为中介对企业产品创新绩效和流程创新绩效产生正向影响。其中,组织承诺会调节组织情绪能力与产品/流程创新绩效以组织学习为中介的间接关系,从而形成一个被调节的中介效应模型。本文从组织情绪能力的新视角,探讨了影响高新技术企业创新的相关机制及关系路径,深化了我们对高新技术企业组织情绪能力、组织学习及产品创新、流程创新相互关系的了解,将为企业创新管理实践提供相关借鉴。     

组织学习、知识整合与核心能力的关系研究

主要探讨企业组织学习、知识整合、核心能力与组织绩效之间的关系,并选取我国华南地区的144家企业作为实证研究对象,对组织学习、知识整合、核心能力与组织绩效间的关系进行实证研究,研究结果表明,正确理解企业知识整合在管理实践中的作用有重要的价值。     

Costs and benefits of inter-departmental innovation collaboration

Inter-departmental innovation collaboration facilitates innovation performance. At the same time, it has been identified as a source of increased coordination costs. Using organizational information processing theory, this paper builds and tests hypotheses on the costs and benefits of innovation-related collaboration within firms. Based on a sample of 433 German manufacturing firms we show inter-departmental innovation collaboration to increase process innovation performance, but also to produce costs in terms of project delay and project termination. These costs, however, do not affect innovation performance at the firm level. This finding suggests firms to be well able to balance the costs and benefits of inter-departmental collaboration across their innovation project portfolio. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration

Although the literature on university-industry links has begun to uncover the reasons for, and types of, collaboration between universities and businesses, it offers relatively little explanation of ways to reduce the barriers in these collaborations. This paper seeks to unpack the nature of the obstacles to collaborations between universities and industry, exploring influence of different mechanisms in lowering barriers related to the orientation of universities and to the transactions involved in working with university partners. Drawing on a large-scale survey and public records, this paper explores the effects of collaboration experience, breadth of interaction, and inter-organizational trust on lowering different types of barriers. The analysis shows that prior experience of collaborative research lowers orientation-related barriers and that greater levels of trust reduce both types of barriers studied. It also indicates that breadth of interaction diminishes the orientation-related, but increases transaction-related barriers. The paper explores the implications of these findings for policies aimed at facilitating university-industry collaboration.     

Startup size and the mechanisms of external learning: increasing opportunity and decreasing ability?

An important area of investigation in the field of entrepreneurship examines how people and organizations exploit technological opportunities. Prior research suggests that alliances, the mobility of experts, and the informal mechanisms associated with geographic co-location can present firms with useful opportunities to source technological knowledge. This paper uses insights from strategic management and organizational theory to suggest that organizational size may have an important impact on the extent of external learning, since it differentially affects the likelihood of learning via formal and informal mechanisms.Examining a cross-section of semiconductor startups, we find that external learning increases with startup size. With regard to the specific mechanisms of learning, we find that firms learn from alliances regardless of their size. For the informal mechanisms of mobility and geographic co-location, however, learning decreases with firm size. These results suggest that as startups grow, they may have increasing opportunities to access and exploit external knowledge, but their motivation (and hence ability) to learn from more informal sources may decrease.     

合作研发对企业创新绩效的影响研究——基于治理机制的调节分析

 以合作研发如何影响企业创新绩效为基础,分别研究了契约治理和信任对于这一关系的调节作用,并通过141家企业调查样本对假设关系进行实证检验。研究结果表明：合作研发会显著提高企业的创新绩效,契约治理会倒U型调节合作研发与企业创新绩效之间的关系,而信任则会线性增强合作研发与企业创新绩效之间的关系。     

IT能力及信息共享对企业间研发合作的影响研究/FONT

研究了IT能力及信息共享对研发合作的影响,给出了IT能力和信息共享与研发合作的直接产出、研发合作效果、研发合作的长期效用之间关系的概念模型,在理论分析的基础上提出了相应的假设。进行大量的问卷调查,并以SPSS和AMOS管理统计软件作为数据分析的工具,建立了结构方程模型。实证研究结果显示,IT能力对研发合作的直接产出、研发合作效果、研发合作的长期效用三个维度的影响效应依次递增,而信息共享对研发合作三维度的影响效应依次递减,同时,IT能力对信息共享具有显著的促进作用。     

国际专利合作和引用对创新绩效的影响研究

专利合作和专利引用作为重要的知识流动途径,可以帮助创新主体获取外部知识,降低自身创新的投入和风险,对创新活动具有重要意义。本文以16个创新型国家在1981-2007年专利活动为实证对象,通过负二项式模型,在国家层面研究基于国际专利合作和国外专利引用的知识流动对创新绩效的影响,以及吸收能力对各国将外部知识转换为自身产出的影响,实证结果显示,专利合作对创新数量和质量均具有显著促进作用,专利引用对创新数量无显著影响,但对创新质量具有促进作用,吸收能力对创新数量和质量均具有促进作用。     

网络营销能力对企业创新绩效的影响研究

企业如何将互联网思维渗入企业整体营销以及合作创新战略框架,并由此整合内外部创新资源,提高合作效率以及效益是我国制造业企业提高核心竞争力的关键。本研究以中国193家制造型企业作为研究对象,结合规范文献定性分析以及结构方程建模实证研究,探讨了企业的网络营销能力、合作有效性以及创新绩效的关系。我们发现:(1)网络营销能力的不同维度技术资源、人力资源、商业资源、对企业的创新有显著的正向影响。(2)将合作有效度作为研究模型的中介变量,实证结果表明模型的解释力增加,说明网络营销能力通过影响企业合作有效性进而提高企业的创新绩效。     

Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms

In this paper, we argue that the literature on knowledge codification has been overly concerned with the economic properties of its outcomes, neglecting the importance of its underlying learning processes. Following Zollo and Winter [Organisation Science, 2001, in press], the paper distinguishes three learning processes: experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and knowledge codification and suggests a framework to analyse the learning abilities of project-based firms. We propose that mechanisms for inter-project learning draw upon these learning processes and can be found at various levels of the project-based firm. Using empirical evidence from six case studies, we discern three empirical patterns, that we defined learning landscapes, of such mechanisms. Implications for the literature and practice of knowledge codification are discussed.