论茅盾的文艺观——茅盾的文化观之二

中国新文学先驱茅盾,其文艺理论、文艺批评与文艺创作,硕果累累,所体现的文艺观涉及面广,内容极为丰富;国内外学者对此研究的广度、深度与力度已很可观,成绩斐然.本文仅就其文艺真实论、文艺本质论、文艺特征论陈述管见.     

论伊格尔顿的文学意识形态生产观

伊格尔顿把作为物质生产的文学和作为意识形态的文学结合起来进行研究,提出文学是意识形态的生产。伊格尔顿的意识形态生产论说明了文学内部包括经济基础和上层建筑两部分。伊氏的这一观点实际上就是对传统的把丈学当作一种上层建筑的文艺观的反驳和对“反映论”批评范式的挑战。     

意识形态论文艺观念的历史嬗变及其理论反思

将文艺与意识形态联系起来,从而开辟文艺研究的意识形态维度,是马克思主义文论的重要理论贡献。意识形态论文艺观念的创建意义在于,拓展和深化了对于文艺本质特性与价值功能的认识,科学地揭示了文艺在社会结构中的地位及其历史发展规律。我国意识形态论文艺观念从20世纪初建立并运用于文艺研究以来,经历了“过度意识形态化”“、去意识形态化”和“再意识形态化”的螺旋式循环往复、不断推进的辩证发展过程,从外部关系来看,反映了这一文艺观念的与时俱变;从内部关系来看,反映了文艺变革发展的内在要求。如今我们探讨意识形态论文艺观念和研究维度的理论重建,涉及对意识形态理论内涵、文艺与意识形态关系的重新认识理解,以及文艺研究的多维度视野融合等问题。     

创造性地转化中国古代功利主义文艺观

尽管中国古代儒、道、墨各家各派文艺观不同,但总的说来中国古代文论中贯穿着功利主义文艺观.近代、现代虽然从西方引进了审美与艺术的非功利论,但有现实影响力的文艺家与文艺运动仍然坚持功利主义文艺观.直到20世纪80年代,功利主义文艺观才在中国受到广泛深刻的质疑.但这种否定文艺功利性的思想倾向与中国的现实要求并不适合.站在历史新世纪,从有中国特色社会主义文艺理论的建设出发,需要创造性地转化中国古代的功利主义文艺观,吸收其注重文艺的"大用"、"远用",注重文艺的道德功能,坚持内容与形式统一的有生命力的文艺精神.     

弗洛伊德无意识创作论与性力升华说评析

无意识创作论与性力升华说,是弗洛伊德精神分析文艺观的核心内容。弗洛伊德这两个相互关联的理论观点,对西方现代非理性主义文艺思潮的形成,起过推波助澜的作用;最近几年也对我国文艺理论和创作发生冲击,激起种种反响。因此,运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,来分析这两个问题,不仅有助于科学地评价弗洛伊德的文艺观及其影响,而且对于正确认识我国文艺的现状和趋势,也具有一定的意义。     

主客体关系与审美反映

众所周知,在讨论文学的主体性问题时,以刘再复为代表的抽象主体论一直非难传统的反映论文艺观.他们的理论认为,坚持反映论文艺观,就会把作家变成"直观地反映现实的工具",文艺就会"成为无主体的历史文献",反映论文艺观是我国当代文学各种弊端的"基因",是应当"终结"的文艺批评模式,云云.传统的反映论文艺观就真的这么与主体论文艺观冰炭不相容吗?就真的已到"终结"的     

马克思主义文艺意识形态论的流变与整合——东西方马克思主义美学转向比较

经典马克思主义确立文艺本质是一种特殊形式的意识形态.“东方马克思主义”和“西方马克思主义”在迥异的社会历史环境中分别从意识形态视角和美学视角对“正统”原典进行了突破，作出了独特的贡献，代表了当代马克思主义文艺思想的新形态。马克思主义文艺意识形态论的流变丰富了自身内涵，对建设有中国特色的美学理论无疑是具有启示意义的。     

主客体关系与审美反映

众所周知,在讨论文学的主体性问题时,以刘再复为代表的抽象主体论一直非难传统的反映论文艺观。他们的理论认为,坚持反映论文艺观,就会把作家变成“直观地反映现实的工具”,文艺就会“成为无主体的历史文献”,反映论文艺观是我国当代文学各种弊端的“基因”,是应当“终结”的文艺批评模式,云云。传统的反映论文艺观就真的这么与主体论文艺观冰炭不相容吗?就真的已到“终结”的地步吗?笔者经过自己的独立研究,认为应当作出否定的回答。下面着重从主客体关系的角度论证反映论文艺观的合理性。     

对“审美意识形态论”的再反思

“审美”与“意识形态”两者既可兼容也可排斥,把审美与意识形态相融合,使意识形态的一般理论与文艺的特性相融而在文艺理论中找到了自己真正的落脚点;把对文艺的理解从认识论推进到文艺价值论维度,从普遍性层面推进到特殊性层面为止,还不足以构成对文艺性质的完善的认识,必须在现有研究基础上进一步向“文艺本体论”、“人学本体论”研究推进。把对文艺形式和技巧方面研究的成果,整合到“审美意识形态论”的理论建构中来,也是十分必要的。     

文艺不是审美意识形态

上世纪80年代，一部分学者提出了文艺的“审美意识形态”论，其实，文艺不是意识形态。因为意识形态是指带有阶级自觉的体系化的意识或思想，而文艺作品并不总是具有阶级自觉的，更不是什么思想体系。文艺在本质上是一种审美感情，只是带有意识形成性。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.