花叶芋和观音莲抗寒性的初步研究

在不同的低温胁迫下,对花叶芋(Caladium bicolor)、观音莲(Alocasia amazonica)外部形态变化、叶绿素含量进行研究,以确定其抗寒性.结果表明:在10℃时花叶芋和观音莲的伤害度分别为15.51%,27.82%,8℃分别达到26.96%和49.33%,5℃达到45.64%和61.35%.观音莲将近死亡.低温下,叶绿素合成受到抑制,含量降低,且观音莲的下降大于花叶芋,所以也说明了观音莲的抗寒性比花叶芋差.     

Gilbertella属的一个新种

 A species of Gilbertella was isolated from dung of swine collected from  Hainan, Kwangtung Province, and described as a new species (Gilbertella hainanensis sp. nov.).      Morphologically, it differs from G. persicaria, the only other species of Gilbertella, mainly in spore characters.  The spores of G. persicaria are oval  to  nearly spherical, often pointed and bearing 3-6 appendages at each end; while those of the present species are elongate-oval, reniform or oval, with ends obtuse, never pointed and bearing 6-12 appendages.  The appearances of the two species in culture are also different.  In colour G. persicaria is grayish-brown and G. hainanensis is blackish-gray.      When inoculated on peach fruit, G. hainanensis causes no rot, while all strains of G. persicaria isolated from various kinds of substratum readily cause rotting  of the  entire peach in 5-6 days.      The culture of G. hainanensis at hand, being a minus strain, has been found to form mature zygospores when grown together with the plus strain of G. persicaria.  The two suspensors of the zygospore thus formed are heterogeneous either in shape or in dimen- sion, one of the suspensors closely resembles those of G. persicaria, while the other is quite different.      Type culture of G. hainanensis is deposited in the Institute of Microbiology, AcademiaSinica, Peking, China.     

徐氏蕨属——中国云南早泥盆世陆地植物的一个新属

  A new psilophytic plant, Hsüa robusta, is found in the Xujiachong Formation  (Emsian) of the Lower Devonian from the Qüjing (= Kütsing) district of Yunnan,  China.  This plant is tentatively referred to the Cooksoniaceae of Rhyniales.       Hsüa gen. nov.       Type species: Hsüa robusta (Li et Cai) C. S. Li.       Diagnosis:  Plants erect and then creeping. Main axes dividing pseudomonopodial- ly and bearing dichotomous lateral branches which somewhat differentiate into vegeta, tire and fertile ones, with dichotomous root-like and rhizophore-like appendages.  Spo- rangia terminal, round to reniform or wide reniform, dehiscing along distal margin into two equal halves.  Spores homosporous, trilete.  Stomata anomocytic.  Protostele cen- trarch.       Hsüia robusta (Li et Cai) C. S. Li, comb. nov.       Cooksonia zhanyiensis Li et Cai, Acta Geologica Sinica, 52 (1) 1978, p. 10, pl. II, fig. 6.——Taeniocrada robusta Li et Cai,ib. p. 10, pl. II, fig. 7—14.       Diagnosis:  Characters same as in generic diagnosis. Main axes 6—10 mm wide and at least 24 cm long, with vascular strands 1.2—2.4 mm acr  oss.  Fertile branches 3—4 times equally or unequally dichotomous, 10—1.5 mm in width and up to 11 cm in length, possessing a vascular bundle of 0.5 mm in its greatest diameter.  Branches circinately coiled in apical regions.  Axial tubercles, root-like and rhizophore— like appendages aris- ing from the main axes usually anterior to the lateral branches. Axial tubercle round with a diameter of 2.2—2.4 mm, having a vascular bundle about l mm across.  Root- like branches 3 times bifurcate, 1—0.3 mm wide and up to 1.5 cm long, with a vascular bundle about 0.1 mm across.  Rhizophore-like appendages forked, 3—1.7 mm in width, possessing a vascular bundle of 0.7 mm in its greatest diameter. Root-like protuberances sometimes arising from rhilzophore-like branches.   Epidermal cells of axes generally elongate, measuring 60—290μby 25—60 μ.  Stomata mainly fusiform, 90—110 μ long and 50—60μ wide, consisting of a pair of guard cells enclosing a pore 6—15μ  in length and 1—3μ  in width.  Cuticle of guard cells quite thick.  Stomatal density about 5 per mm2.  Sporangia 0.8—4.2 mm high, 1.0—8.2 mm across, usually having a dehiscent distal border which measures 50—100μ broad.  Demarcation between sporangium and its stalk quite clear.  Epidermal cells of basal part of sporangial walls elongate, about 100 μ long and 30μ wide, but those of distal part isodiametrally polygonal, about 50μ in diame- ter.  Stomata, radially arranged scattering over sporangial walls, generally round about 50μ in diameter and 50 per sporangium.  Spores round, 18—36μ (average 27μ) indiameter, and smooth.  Tracheids of protoxylem about 10μ across; those of metaxylem about 30μ across, with scalariform thickening.      This plant is similar to Renalia hueberi Gensel in general morphology, but differs from the latter in possessing root-like and rhizophore-like branches.      The generic name is derived from Prof.  Hsü Jen.     This paper is a thesis for M. Sc.     

高山族的竞勇——斗走

台湾高山族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族,在长期的历史发展过程中,高山族创造了许多具有民族特色的物质文明和精神文明,其中之一就是“斗走”。     

麻栗坡兜兰——兜兰属与杓兰属的一个中间类型，兼论兜兰属的地理起源问题

Paphiopedilum malipoense S. C. Chen et Tsi is a very interesting new species with its flower similar to that of Cypripedium, especially section Cypripedium.  It belongs to subgenus Brachypetalum, the most primitive group of Paphiopedilum, but differs from its allied species in hgniva elliptic-lanceolate sepal with cuspidately acuminate apex, rather narrow petals and horizontal lip, which are of common occurrence in many cypripediums, but very rare in paphiopedilums.  Apparently, this is an intermediate form, or a link, between Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium, but it does not seem to arise from hybridization between them, because no Cypripedium has been found wherever Paphiopedilum occurs.       The new species is distributed in southeastern Yunnan of China. In this area, as well as in river valleys of western Yunnan or the Hengduan Mountains, there have been four species of the same genus reported before. As we know, the Hengduan Mountains and their adjacent areas are rich in Cypripedium.  The differentiation of the genus there is remarka- ble.  All five sections it contains occur there and three of them are quite distinctive.  For example, the general appearance of the section Bracleosa is dissimilar to that of any other cypripediums, but closely resembles that of Listera.  It appears that the difference between sect.  Bracteosa of Cypripedium and sect.  Brachypetalum of Paphiopedilum is not neces- sarily wider than that between sect. Bracteosa and sect. Cypripedium of the same genus. Apparently, it is reasonable to consider Paphiopedilum to be an evolutional branch of Cy- pripedium extending into tropical area, with its primitive group (subgenus Brachypetalum) still remaining in its northern fringe area.  This primitive subgenus has eight species, dis- tributed from western Yunnan to the Malay Peninsula.  Five of them, including the inter- mediate and primitive form published here, are found in the hilly land of southeastern Yun- nan and the river valleys of western Yunnan.  All these facts suggest its area of origin: the river valleys of the Hengduan Mountains and the lower hilly land contiguous to the southof them.     

棉属种间杂交育种体系的创立

长期以来棉花育种的主要手段一直采用品种间杂交和系统选择方法,由于所有栽培品种都起源于少数共同原始类型,亲缘关系过近,遗传基础贫乏,致使育成品种的增产幅度小、退化快,经济性状也难以提高,特别是纤维强力不够、抗病虫及抗逆性差。为此,国内外育种界普遍认为从众多野生棉种中转育生产上急需的有益特性,将成为一条重要的育种途径。但是,由于技术上的种种困难,这一美好的愿望长期以来难以实现。我组坚持连续试验２７年,总体设计分三步走：首先研究种间隔离机制并找到克服杂交不亲和性的有效方法;第二步找到种间杂交育种的特定…     

小盘藻属，我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属

本文描述了我国首次记录的小盘藻属Minidiscus硅藻四种。主要特征是壳缘无环突起，壳面上 的支持突和1个唇形突均远离壳缘。小盘藻M．trioculatus，奇特小盘藻M．comicus和智利小盘藻M．chilensis为我国的新记录；细弱小盘藻M．subtilis为新种。它们的主要区别在于壳面花纹及支持突和唇形突排列方式的不同。     

心启兜兰，兜兰属宽瓣亚属的一个新增种

描述了兰科兜兰属的一个新种——心启兜兰Paphiopedilum singchii Z．J．Liu et J．Y．Zhang。模式标本系深圳市梧桐山苗圃总场的栽培植物。原植物可能采自云南南部近中越边境处。     

梾木属的一新亚属——华茱萸亚属

Cornus L. s. 1. is a large polytypic genus. The classificantion of which has been so different that some authors recognize several separate genera, while others treat them as ei- ther subgenera or sections.  New evidence from many disciplines such as palynology, cyto- logy, wood anatomy and embryology supports the view that the genus should remain in the broad sense.  I basically agree with the treatment by Ferguson (1966b) before my finishing a comprehensive study on Cornus L. s. 1. except for supporting  the separation  of subgenus Afrocrania as an independent genus.  A new subgenus Sinocornus Q. Y. Xiang, containing one species, C. chinensis Wangerin, is established here on account of its inflorescence axillary and different from the other members of the genus which all have terminal inflorescences only. The inflorescence developed from a terminal bud implicates the sympodial nature of axis of stem and the one from an axillary bud the monopodial one.   It is reasonable to regard the character as of subgeneric value.  Also a new combination, Cornus subgen. Syncarpea (Na- kai) Q. Y. Xiang, is proposed here as a substitute for Cornus subgen.  Benthamia (C. B. Clar- ke) Schneider used for a long time.  Because the valid publication of the former name subgen. Syncarpea Nakai is earlier than the latter one.  The types of inflorescences of 8 subgenera re- presented by type or selected species are illustrated.     

火烧兰属中一个种的名称考辨

 对Epipactis consimilis、火烧兰 E．helleborine和疏花火烧兰 E．veratrifolia之间的形态作了比较，并对Epipactis consimilis D．Don作了名称考证。结果承认 Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss．et Hohen．为合法名称，以取代早先为Rolfe(1903)所接受、近来在《中国植物志》第17卷(1999)中使用的Epipactis consimilis D．Don。     

基于变密度法的调整座拓扑优化设计

拓扑优化是一种新型的结构设计方法,SolidThinking Inspire是Altair公司利用工程上拓扑优化技术,根据结构件的受力、支撑等工况条件,获得材料最省的最佳承力结构。本文利用SolidThinking Inspire对管道机器人调整座进行轻量化设计,在优化过程中考虑到了真实边界条件和载荷条件,优化后结果既满足零件功能性条件,又满足零件的轻量化设计需求。本文运用基于变密度法的拓扑优化设计软件对管道机器人调整座接结构进行拓扑优化设计,以达到对调整座结构轻量化设计的目的。     

亚洲西部和欧洲东南部芍药属的一个亚种

 根据存于欧洲一些大标本馆的大量标本的观察,分布于希腊爱琴海东部、土耳其南部、塞浦路斯、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、伊拉克北部的Paeonia mascula与欧洲中部至巴尔干半岛的均不相同,可确认为一个独立的亚种。绝大多数个体总有一些小叶全裂,因此小叶及裂片数为(9)12～18(23);小叶宽椭圆形至卵圆形,通常两面无毛或背面疏生柔毛。