“刀笔吏”的由来

《史记·萧相国世家》：“萧相国何于秦时为刀笔吏，碌碌未有迹。”萧何在秦朝时曾经做过政府机构中的文员，相当于现在的秘书。当时为什么把文秘人员叫做“刀笔吏”呢？     

萧何心中有天机

这 里所说的“天机”,是指包蕴在个人行为中 的一种高超用心。萧何之为汉相, 前朝没比,后朝难比;后世有青云之志而才学疏浅者,却因为自己力不从心推说萧何有“天份”。其实,只要细看《史记》就可发现,萧何终能“位冠群臣,声施后世”(《史记·萧相国世家》),靠的不是“天份”,乃是“天机”。 其一,识见高远,萧何出身刀笔吏,刘邦为亭长时,就跟他要好,“高祖以吏徭咸阳,吏皆奉送钱三,何独以五”(同上)。临别送礼,金钱虽买不来感情,却能证明态度,只这“独”字,给了刘邦特别的印象,等平定天下,在论功行赏之外,果然就“益封何二千户,以帝尝徭…     

论秦代"刀笔吏"对汉赋创作的影响

汉人辞赋并称,故今人常注意辞赋之间的关联,即注重楚文化对汉赋的影响,而往往忽略秦文化对于汉赋的影响.秦代"刀笔吏"改进书写工具和书写技巧,简化文字,提高书写速度,为汉赋生产提供了便利的客观条件;他们编订的字书为汉代赋家奠定了文字基础,其近于"分别部居"的编订方式,使得汉赋具有了类于"志书"、"类书"的接受效果;"刀笔吏"其小无内、其大无外的思维方式,又使汉代赋家在作赋时,抱着"竞于使人不能加也"的仪则心理,而形成闳衍巨丽的赋风;他们的好颂习惯,亦是致使汉代赋颂难分的原因之一.     

论功行赏

成语释义 评定功绩,然后给予封爵和赏赐。论：评定。行：施行。 成语出处 《史记·萧相国世家》：“汉五年,既灭项羽,定天下,论功行封。”     

敖仓与楚汉战争

公元前二○二年,汉高祖刘邦称帝。之后。他曾置酒洛阳南宫,在与功臣们论及何以取天下时说:“镇国家,抚百姓,给馈(饣尚),不绝粮道,吾不如萧何。”高度地评价了萧何在楚汉战争中为汉军“给馈(饣尚),不绝粮道”的功绩,认为他“功最盛”(《史记·萧相国世家》),并且是刘氏“得天下”的重要因素之一。这个估价在当时的历史条件下是客观的、历史的。因此,我们觉得楚汉战争数年,这其间除了萧何的“不绝粮道”之外,“敖仓”与     

《史记》称谓问题考辨二则

《史记·周本纪》“昔我先王世后稷”的“王”并非衍文,文献中没有“我先”的文例。在称呼其先人祖辈时,往往在“我先”后附缀上各类敬称成分或指别成分,以增加语义的明确性;《史记·秦始皇本纪》“相国昌平君”一句,“相国”应和“昌平君”断开,所指的对象是吕不韦而非昌平君。前文语境中如果出现“相国”的所指代对象,那么后文则可以单以“相国”回指前文内容。     

知识网站

与“三”相关的文化常识 三友:松、竹、梅为岁寒三友。 三史:《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》合称“三史”。 杜甫“三吏”:《新安吏》、《潼关吏》和《石壕吏》。 春秋三传:解释《春秋》的《左传》、《公羊传》、《谷梁传》。 三舍:古代计程单位,一舍三十里。 三教:指我国古代     

司马迁笔下的汉高祖形象

马马迁在《史记》中对刘邦其人着了大量笔墨,除《高祖本纪》以外,还散见于《项羽本纪》、《留侯、世家》、《吕太后本纪》、《萧相国世家》、《淮阴列传》等,它们相互映衬、补充,为我们再现了汉高祖刘邦敢作敢为、足智多谋,善得民心、任人唯贤的高大形象,同时作为直史又再现了汉高祖形象中的另一个方面,虚伪、奸猾、残忍。     

评早期的宋江

过去,有些评论《水浒》的文章,认为早期(指被迫上梁山“投托”晁盖之前)的宋江同情人民、同情革命,是怀着革命的愿望走进革命行列的。为了认识投降派宋江的本来面目,必须澄清这个问题。 宋江出身于地主家庭,“自幼学儒,长而通吏”,“刀笔精通,吏道纯熟”。他的政治理想,是“官爵升迁”,“封妻荫子”,“青史留名”。他本是一个地主分子,广     

用史实阐释的"人本"哲学--略论司马迁《史记》的"人本"思想

司马迁《史记》一书中蕴含的“人本”思想可以概括为：以人为本位来书写历史，以人为本位选取、评价历史人物，以人为本位衡量人生的价值和意义。“以人为本”是他思想的核心和写史的出发点。《史记》首创的以“纪传”为主的史学体裁，第一次以人为本位来记载历史。从“以人为本”的述史原则出发，他对历史进行了创造性的编撰。他在史书中第一次客观公正地对“利”作了叙写，体现了“以人为本”的价值取向。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.