制造企业服务衍生的分类及其价值创造

针对因企业忽视服务化阶段性特征而易陷入"服务悖论"问题,依据所需资源与能力的不同,将服务衍生分为基础性服务衍生和提升性服务衍生两种类型;探究两种类型服务衍生实现价值创造的机理,基础性服务衍生价值创造依赖于优势制造资源,而提升性服务衍生则需要构筑基于核心资源的整合能力;以海尔战略转型过程为分析对象,揭示两种类型服务衍生对海尔价值创造的机理.研究结果表明,承载服务价值的产品是服务衍生实现的基石;面向客户问题解决的服务在广度和深度上要有度的把握.     

中国研究型大学科技成果资本化机制探析

科技成果资本化是研究型大学实现知识价值创造功能的重要方式,也是开展科技、教育、经济"三位一体"协同创新模式的重要议题。本文整合高校智力资本禀赋以及知识管理的过程视角,构建了以"智力资本-知识管理-价值创造"为基础的研究型大学科技成果资本化过程模型,并结合东北大学及其衍生企业东软集团的案例进行了深入分析,探索出了基于利益相关者协同创新网络进行知识产品深加工实现价值增值的"东软模式",从理论和实践两个层面揭示了知识成果价值创造功能的"黑箱"机制,为全面提升我国研究型大学科技成果转化效率,促进协同创新驱动经济增长提供了新的思路。     

突破式服务创新价值共创实现机制——基于服务主导逻辑的视角

互联网技术的迅猛发展为服务型企业的创新带来了新的创新特征和挑战,服务型企业如何实现突破式创新价值共创是需要考虑的重要问题。突破式服务创新价值共创的过程一直是一个"黑箱"过程,在看似简单的突破式服务创新过程背后,实际上蕴含了难以模仿的服务创新理念与价值共创能力。在服务主导逻辑价值共创理论以及服务创新理论基础上,采用多案例研究和扎根理论的方法,深入剖析突破式服务创新价值创造的"黑箱"过程,挖掘影响突破式服务创新的影响要素,提炼出价值发现、价值转化、价值实现的价值共创过程,并构建高效的价值共创实现机制,以期为推动服务主导逻辑中观研究、突破式服务创新理论以及顾客价值共创提供有益借鉴。     

政府数字社会创新能促进企业共享价值创造吗？——来自城市大脑的证据

共享价值创造是企业推进国家共同富裕战略实现的核心方式,会受到政府治理行为变革的影响。然而,政府数字社会创新作为政府治理行为变革新形态,其是否影响以及如何影响企业共享价值创造仍有待深入论证。基于交易成本理论,构建了政府数字社会创新和企业共享价值创造的理论联系。借助我国各地陆续引入城市大脑的准自然实验,采用多期双重差分法,研究发现,政府数字社会创新能促进企业共享价值创造,而且以城市大脑服务广度和应用清晰度为代表的政府数字社会创新水平越高,企业共享价值创造表现越好。机制检验发现,企业管理者战略领导力视角下的管理者能力和政治关联分别正向调节和负向调节政府数字社会创新和企业共享价值创造的关系。研究发现补充了企业共享价值创造的政府治理行为变革驱动因素研究,为政府数字社会创新对企业共享价值创造的影响及边界条件议题提供了有力回应和理论解释。     

基于产业生命周期的战略性新兴产业创新获利影响因素分析

从战略性新兴产业生命周期的视角出发,研究战略性新兴产业创新获利的关键因素.研究发现,战略性新兴产业在价值创造的过程中,动态有效的创新获利策略将有助于创新价值占有和对发达国家的赶超.影响战略性新兴产业创新获利的主要因素包括独占性机制、互补性资产、网络外部性及主导设计、动态能力和相关公共政策.上述因素在战略性新兴产业的研发、生产、规模化以及专业化4个阶段起到不同的作用,创新企业应该根据产业所处生命周期动态选择创新获利策略.制定我国战略性新兴产业扶持政策,不仅要考虑自主创新能力,也要考虑创新获利能力.     

制造企业服务平台如何创造价值？日日顺与琴趣平台双案例研究

为了回答制造企业服务平台如何创造价值这一问题，本文选取两家制造企业的服务平台作为研究对象，通过双案例研究发现：价值创造过程由连接、互动、重组三个杠杆组成，连接产生网络效应，互动促进创新，重组高效匹配供需资源；存在供应商弱势和顾客弱势两种价值创造模式，其杠杆作用方式有所不同；制造企业服务平台创造产品相关服务快速扩张、大量且快速的服务创新、促进产品销售和创新3方面的价值，进而加快制造企业的服务化转型、提升其价值创造能力。本文归纳了价值创造机制的理论模型，揭示了已有制造业服务化理论尚未关注的与多顾客、多供应商价值共创的关系和过程，以及平台生态系统供应商侧与顾客侧价值共创的关系和过程。研究结论推动了不同视角平台研究的整合。     

基于服务创新的制造企业服务转型影响因素研究

本文从服务创新和价值迁移视角出发,深入分析制造企业的服务转型过程,研究提出了制造企业服务转型的影响因素模型,最后通过戴姆勒公司"Car2go"项目分析,对制造企业服务转型影响因素进行实证研究,为我国制造业产业结构优化和发展方式转变提供一定的思路和建议。本文研究发现,服务创新、客户需求、技术进步和宏观环境等因素在增强制造企业价值创造能力、推动制造企业服务转型过程中发挥着重要作用。     

制造企业服务创新战略与技术能力的匹配——华为案例研究

本文以华为公司为案例,基于资源基础理论探索了制造企业服务创新战略与技术能力的战略匹配关系。研究发现:当企业技术能力较弱时,实施渐进式服务创新战略为顾客提供完备的产品支持服务,能有效增加产品价值提升市场绩效。当技术能力较强时,实施突破式服务创新战略,能够与技术能力形成知识溢出效应,更有助于市场和财务绩效提升。本研究拓展了制造企业服务创新研究的理论边界,研究结论对中国制造企业选择和实施服务创新战略具有实践指导意义。     

交易成本、网络价值与平台创新——基于38个平台实践案例的质性分析

平台经济兴起的背景下,传统以产品为基础的创新机制受到挑战.产品经济下,价值来源于产品的使用价值;平台经济下,价值来源于平台所激发的网络价值.价值的转移,要求创新基础的转变.本文运用多案例分析方法,在综合分析了国内外38个平台实践的基础上,对平台下的交易成本、网络价值和创新基础重新进行了探讨,认为：产品创新着眼于终端化布局而非利润创造;网络价值是平台创新的核心,但不是利润核心;基于网络价值的服务,是平台创新的基础,是平台企业的利润核心.本文所提出的平台创新框架,为平台研究提供了思路,也为企业平台实践提供了借鉴.     

互联网环境下产品服务系统研究:企业—顾客—环境价值共创视角

互联网使社会互动突破时间和空间限制,为产品和服务的融合提供了契机,促进产品系统转变为产品服务系统。本文构建了企业-顾客-环境价值共创型产品服务系统模型,探讨互联网环境下企业、顾客和环境在服务生态系统中通过价值互动共同创造价值,以小米公司为例分析产品服务系统的价值共创过程,最后提出对互联网时代下中国制造企业转型发展的启示。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.