重点城市科技园区技术创新效率的测算

城市高新区和大学科技园的技术创新能力是一个地区科技发展和科技实力的重要标志之一,也是区域经济竞争力的核心。结合区域创新体系提出了城市科技园区技术创新效率的概念及内涵,并运用数据包络分析模型测算了全国18个重点城市科技园区技术创新的总体效率、纯技术效率和纯规模效率;进而得出其达到DEA有效的改进方向;并对评价结果进行了分析,提出关于提升城市科技园区技术创新能力的相应建议。     

区域技术创新效率研究:基于上海的实证

技术创新效率的高低决定了一个区域的可持续发展能力。本文通过因子分析定权法对1999-2009年上海市的技术创新效率进行了测算,旨在把握上海市技术创新效率的发展现状,为政府今后制定有效的产业发展政策提供科学的理论参考。研究结果显示,随着中国经济的发展,技术创新投入和产出均有所增加,然而,技术创新效率却相对减小;研究结果表明,上海市在增加技术创新投入的同时,今后应进一步增强其技术创新的产出能力。     

基于DEA的企业技术创新效率研究——以上海战略性新兴产业为例

上海市战略性新兴产业的蓬勃发展对于上海实现"创新驱动、转型发展"有着重要的意义,为了实现战略性新兴产业企业技术创新投入产出效率的最优化,文章基于文献研究和理论分析,构建企业技术创新效率评价指标。通过对上海市战略性新兴产业的重点企业问卷调研获得数据,应用数据包络分析方法(DEA)研究得出了上海战略性新兴产业七大产业技术创新效率、技术创新成果化和成果产业化两阶段的创新效率以及年度产业技术创新效率。上海市七大战略性新兴产业中节能环保、高端装备制造、新能源、新能源汽车四类产业企业技术创新效率达到了相对最优化,其余产业企业技术创新效率仍存在提升的空间。     

基于创新价值链的我国环保产业技术创新效率评价

为评价我国环保产业技术创新水平,基于技术创新价值链原理构建数据包络分析模型,根据第四次全国环境保护及相关产业基本情况调查数据,分析我国环保产业技术创新过程中的技术开发效率和技术转化效率。研究表明：①我国环保产业技术开发效率和技术转化效率平均值分别为0.65和0.23,技术创新效率总体偏低,尤其是技术转化效率很低；②东中部大部分地区纯技术效率低于规模效率且规模报酬递减,造成创新效率低下的原因并非是创新投入不足；③部分西部地区技术创新规模效率低下且规模报酬递增,创新资源投入不足制约了创新效率的提升。据此提出提高环保产业技术创新效率的对策建议：加快环保产业技术产业化和商业化,提升环保产业技术创新的产出层次和水平,拓展环保产业技术创新的投入模式。     

自主创新、协同研发与外国技术——基于地区工业企业数据

创新是经济增长的核心,研究制约我国区域技术创新效率的内外部影响因素,对于建成自主创新型国家具有重要的理论和现实意义。文章通过应用随机前沿模型,基于全国各地区规模以上工业企业的面板数据,实证测算了各地区技术创新效率,并从区域创新网络系统的角度,主要考察了自主创新、协同研发与外国技术对创新效率的影响。研究发现:我国区域技术创新效率处于较低水平,自主创新能力较弱,协同研发对技术创新效率的影响不显著,而外国技术却有着显著的正向影响,这反映出我国产学研合作平台建设有待完善;东中西部地区的创新能力差异在进一步缩小;教育水平对技术创新效率产生负向作用,这表明我国的教育体制存在严重问题,改革教育体制势在必行。     

技术创新能力和效率的协调性研究——基于黑龙江装备制造业大中型企业的实证分析

技术创新系统作为一个"二象"系统,技术创新能力与效率之间的协调性直接反映着该系统的演化情况,二者协调发展有利于系统的稳定和优化。以黑龙江装备制造业7个行业作为研究对象,构建同一套指标体系,运用因子分析定权法对其技术创新能力和效率进行实证分析。在实证分析结果的基础上,对各行业的技术创新能力和效率的协调性进行归类与分析。结果表明:黑龙江装备制造业7个行业技术创新能力与效率的协调关系整体上可以分成五种类型:低水平的创新协调型、高水平的创新协调型、低水平的中等创新协调型、高水平的中等创新协调型、中等水平的差创新协调型。     

技术来源与高技术产业创新生产率——基于典型相关分析的中国数据实证研究

运用典型相关分析对1996-2007年间中国高技术产业技术来源与高技术产业创新生产率分解的相关性进行实证研究,结果表明:样本期间我国高技术产业创新效率集中表现为纯技术效率和要素配置效率,规模经济对创新生产率的作用并不显著。外商投资企业RD溢出是促进我国高技术产业技术创新的主要外部力量,在促进纯技术效率提升的同时可能会阻碍要素自由配置。直接引进国际技术不仅没能帮助技术创新能力提升,反而呈现出显著的逆向技术扩散。相比于技术引进,国内技术购买对高技术产业技术创新效率影响较小。在此基础上给出了对策建议。     

我国各省市技术创新效率分析与比较

通过建立区域创新效率的评价指标体系,应用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对我国30个省市的技术创新效率进行了分析与比较。结果表明,我国大多数省份没有充分利用或低效率利用其创新投入,并且区域技术创新效率未必与其技术创新能力以及经济发展水平相一致。各地区应因地制宜地制定技术创新政策,提高技术创新的效率。     

区域技术创新效率比较研究——基于山东省17地市技术创新面板数据的分析

通过建立区域创新效率的评价指标体系,应用数据包络分析法对山东省各地市的技术创新效率进行比较与分析.结果表明,我省部分地区没有充分利用或低效率利用其创新投入,并且某地区技术创新效率未必与其技术创新能力以及经济发展水平相一致.各地区应因地制宜地制定技术创新政策,提高技术创新的效率.     

我国区域技术创新的效率测度及动态比较

本文基于技术创新的阶段性特点,将技术创新划分为试验创新与产品创新两阶段,并利用DEA方法和Malmquist指数法对2002-2007年我国区域技术创新两阶段的效率变动趋势进行了实证分析,结果显示:整体来看,试验创新效率基本稳定,产品创新效率提升幅度较大,技术进步是创新效率提升的关键;分区域来看,东部地区整体效率基本保持不变,中部地区产品创新效率提升,但试验创新效率下降,西部地区两阶段创新效率都有较大提升;各省域创新效率变动差异较大,存在的问题也不尽相同,应因地制宜地制定政策,提升区域技术创新的综合效率。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.