语音意识干预对克服单词拼读障碍的作用研究

单词拼读能力的获得与良好的语音意识相关。研究使用语音分割、混合等语音加工任务和假词拼读来检测高职英语教育专业学困生的语音意识发展状态和单词拼读能力水平,发现学困生语音意识发展滞后,存在单词拼读障碍。经过15周的语音意识积极干预,实验组无论是语音意识还是拼读能力都显著优于实验前以及对照组。研究结果表明,语音意识的积极干预能有效地帮助学困生克服单词拼读障碍,提高单词拼读能力水平。     

初一英语语音意识、句法意识、工作记忆与英语阅读的关系

通过使用音素定位、句法更正、句子尾词记忆.单词阅读、句子理解和短文理解任务探查了初一学生英语语音意识,句法意识和工作记忆与单词阅读、句子阅读和短文阅读等不同层次阅读的关系,以及阅读水平高低不同学生在元语言意识的差异.结果发现,英语阅读水平高低两组学生在英语语音意识、句法意识和工作记忆方面有显著差异.回归分析发现,英语句法意识对不同层次阅读都具有最显著的预测作用,但英语语音意识只对短文阅读理解有显著预测作用,工作记忆对不同层次阅读的预测都不显著,表明英语句法意识是初一学生英语阅读的重要预测变量.     

语音意识在单词拼写中的作用

英语学习者能否有效地拼写,记忆单词以及其阅读能力的高低与语音意识有着直接的关系。语音意识独立发展假设认为,语音意识结构中各成份的发展取决于儿童在某方面所接受的语言训练,即语音意识的发展与学习者的特殊语言经历有关。语音意识可以培养,语音意识的提高有益于单词拼写能力的提高。该文以语音意识在单词拼写中的作用为核心,着重论述语音意识在单词拼写过程中的影响作用;同时,文章还以辩证唯物主义观点出发,指出单词拼写能力的提高反过来也可以促进语音意识的提高。     

大学生英语语音意识和韵律意识的发展水平及其相关性

语音意识是有意识地探查和操纵口语语音单位的能力;韵律意识则是对重音、节奏和语调等韵律特征的感知能力。本研究通过听辨测试和统计分析发现：我国大学生的英语语音意识发展水平良好,其中首音—韵脚意识最好,音位意识次之,最后是音节意识;韵律意识水平也比较好,且韵律意识与语音意识具有显著相关性,并能预测语音意识的发展。     

英语语音意识在英语启蒙教学中的作用

语音意识通常情况下被定义为说话者反映和控制言语片段的能力,对所使用的语言结构及语音具有清晰、明确的感知。在英语启蒙教学阶段,掌握好英语语音意识将会为后续的英语学习奠定坚实的基础。从四个方面阐述了英语语音意识在启蒙教学中的作用,这四个方面分别是:有利于儿童语音语调的培养,有利于儿童词汇认读能力的发展,有利于促进儿童英语阅读能力的提升,提升儿童英语思维的能力。     

汉语儿童英语语音意识对英语单词阅读及拼写的影响

本研究考察了汉语儿童英语语音意识对英语单词阅读以及拼写的作用。以60名六年级儿童为被试的研究表明:(1)英语语音意识中音位意识和首尾音意识与英语阅读和拼写的存在显著相关;(2)音位意识对英语单词的阅读和拼写有着独特的显著预测力;(3)英语语音意识对单词阅读的解释力高于其对单词阅读的解释力。     

初学者英语语音意识培养之浅谈

语音意识与阅读理解,单词拼写及记忆等方面有着极为密切的联系。利用语音意识进行语言学习已成为普遍认同的理论。该文在简单回顾了国内外语音意识发展的历史后,详细阐述了语音意识测试的步骤及方法,指出只有在对英语学习者语音意识进行有效的评估后,才能对症下药,培养他们的语音意识;同时指出语音意识的发展是一个渐进式发展的过程,英语教育教学工作者只有根据其规律,灵活施教,才能起到事倍功半的效果。     

大学生英语语音意识培养与阅读能力提升

文章通过探讨英语专业本科新生语音意识和阅读能力之间的相关性,研究大学生提高阅读能力的过程中遇到的问题,并从语音教学的角度提出利用自然拼读法增强学生英语语音意识,减轻学习负担,迅速扩大词汇量的方法。本科新生英语语音不准和语音意识薄弱问题会导致其单词记忆困难和阅读效果不理想,而大学阶段的英语阅读量大、知识内容覆盖面广、专业词汇丰富的特点使学生必须尽快解决这些难题。自然拼读法教学能够帮助学生培养和增强语音意识,进而有效地提高学生的阅读能力,是行之有效的教学方法。     

小学生汉英语音意识、句法意识在双语语篇阅读中的作用

通过系列实验,对比小学生的汉语和英语语音意识、句法意识与语篇阅读的关系,发现汉语句法意识是汉语语篇阅读水平的显著预测指标,英语句法意识是英语语篇阅读水平的显著预测指标。通过实验研究发现,虽然语音意识对双语的语篇阅读也有独立的预测作用,但是句法意识对阅读的预测能力更为显著。     

中国大学生英语语音意识发展及影响因素初探

本文以听辨测试的方式,考察中国英语学习者英语语音意识发展及三种语言经验对其发展的影响。结果表明：（1）四项奇异任务上,各层次语音意识发展均衡;两项计数任务的成绩显著低于奇异任务。( 2) 英语语音意识的总体发展和各层 次语音意识的发展都受到汉语语音意识水平的显著影响;英语水平只对英语语音意识的总体发展和最难的音节计数有显著影响; 方言对英语语音意识的总体发展和各层次语音意 识的发展均无显著影响。（3）三种语言经验相互作用共同影响英语语音意识的发展,即学习者主要套用汉语拼音知识完成各项语音意识任务,英语水平和方言所起的作用则视其汉语语音意识水平而有不同体现。     

Phonology,Orthography, and Decoding Skills Within and Across English and Chinese

The current study examined the construct of word-reading skills within and across English and Chinese. One hundred forty-three 5th graders who were native Chinese (Mandarin) speakers learning English as a second language completed 19 tasks representing phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and word decoding in both English and Chinese. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted within each language, and the results showed that the best-fitting model for both languages was the 3-factor model involving phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and word decoding. Across the 2 languages, the language-specific model fit better than other models with 1 or 2 language-general factors. These results suggest that word reading is not a unified, language-general ability within and across English and Chinese among Chinese children learning English as a second language. Instruction and intervention may need to target phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and word decoding in each language.     

儿童视觉加工能力与其语音意识的相关性

本研究通过考察儿童对无意义简单图形、汉语生字和英语生词的视觉辨别记忆能力,探讨视觉加工对儿童语音意识发展的可能作用,并通过方言-普通话双语儿童(简称方言被试)和普通话单语儿童(简称普通话被试)的对比,进一步探讨方言被试和普通话被试在语音意识维度上的差异是否会在视觉记忆能力中反映出来.结果显示,方言语音经验并不影响与汉字学习有关的视觉记忆能力;但不同刺激类型的视觉记忆能力和语音意识的相关性随着年级的变化而变化.回归分析显示,在二年级时,图形和汉字的视觉记忆能力能够预测儿童的语音意识水平,而到了四年级和六年级,英语生词的视觉记忆能力是语音意识的唯一预测变量.由于汉语拼音和英语在形态上的一致性,结合系列研究的其他结论,本实验结果显示:汉语拼音的学习和巩固,使语音的形式化成为可能,而语音的形式化易化了语音加工过程,这个易化过程反映为语音意识测量成绩的提高.     

Predictors of Chinese reading and literacy skills among Chinese school children: a 3-year longitudinal study

Abstract

This study aims to identify the predictors of Chinese reading and literacy skills among Chinese school children in Taiwan. Participants recruited in the study were 182 Grade 1 elementary school students. First, data were collected on these students’ literacy skills, which comprised morphological awareness, orthography processing, visual perception skills, phonological awareness, and rapid automatised naming. In Grade 2, data were collected from these students on their word decoding skills, which comprised character recognition and reading fluency. Finally, in Grade 3, data were collected on the Chinese comprehension skills of the same students. A structural equation model examined the direct and indirect effects of students’ literacy skills at Grade 1 on their reading comprehension at Grade 3, with students’ word decoding at Grade 2 acting as a mediator. Results showed that reading comprehension of students at Grade 3 was predicted by their literacy skills at Grade 1.     

Reading ability and sensitivity to morphological relations

The morpho-phonological nature of English orthography is examined in this study of the relation between morphological sensitivity and decoding ability in the latter elementary grades. Children in grades three to six were required to distinguish derivationally-related word pairs (e.g., nature-natural) from foil pairs that are related in spelling but not in morphology (e.g., ear-earth). The materials included both transparently-related (i.e., the second word incorporated the pronunciation of the first, as in person-personal) and complexly-related word pairs (i.e., the second word involved some change in pronunciation, as in atom-atomic). Across two experiments, these items were presented in either oral or written form along with various tests of reading ability, intelligence and phonological awareness. The results indicate that children's recognition of derivational relationships improved with grade-level. As anticipated, there was also a significant association between sensitivity to derivational relatedness and decoding ability which remains significant even when the word pairs were orally presented and even when phonological awareness in taken into account. Both phonological awareness and sensitivity to morphological structure emerge as important factors in decoding skill in the later elementary grades.     

Contribution of phonological,morphological and orthographic awareness to English word spelling: A comparison of EL1 and EFL models

The purpose of the present study was to examine the contribution of metalinguistic skills—as measured through orthographic awareness, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness—to the English spelling ability of Grade 8 Chinese students who study English as a foreign language (EFL group) and of third graders in the U.S. whose first language is English (EL1 group). The two groups were initially matched through calculating the Flesch-Kincaid reading level of Chinese EFL students' textbooks and then through propensity score matching, taking into consideration various predictors. Using multiple regression and dominance analysis, we compared the models of metalinguistic awareness that predict English word spelling between the two groups. We found that orthographic awareness and morphological awareness were uniquely related to spelling for the EL1 group, whereas morphological awareness, orthographic awareness and phonological awareness were uniquely related to spelling for the EFL group, after accounting for the effect of vocabulary. Further analysis of relative importance of the predictors showed that orthographic choice was the dominant predictor for the EL1 group and inflectional morpheme production was the dominant predictor for the EFL group. The importance of metalinguistic awareness in acquiring English spelling in both EL1 and EFL groups is discussed.     

Morphological awareness, phonological awareness, and reading in English–Arabic bilingual children

The paper reported an exploratory study that tested (a) the relationship between phonological and morphological awareness in English (L1)–Arabic (L2) bilingual children in Canada (N = 43), and (b) the relevance of these skills to word and pseudoword reading accuracy, and to complex word reading fluency. The results showed a significant correlation between phonological awareness in English and in Arabic. However, morphological awareness in the two languages was not correlated. Phonological awareness predicted reading cross-linguistically, but only Arabic morphological awareness predicted word reading in English. Moreover, while both phonological and morphological awareness in English predicted independent unique variance in English word reading, only phonological awareness in Arabic predicted Arabic word reading. Complex-word reading fluency was predicted by morphological awareness within both languages. Similarly, in both languages, phonological awareness was the single factor predicting pseudoword decoding accuracy. The results are discussed in terms of cross-linguistic differences between English and Arabic in orthographic depth and in morphological structure and transparency.     

汉语语音意识和英语听说能力的关系

本研究旨在实验研究探讨汉语（第一语言）的语音意识和成人英语（第二语言）的听、说能力之间的关系。实验任务为汉语语音意识测量和英语假词快速朗读。其中汉语语音意识的测量包括4个维度：听觉声母意识、听觉韵母意识、听觉声调意识以及视觉音节意识。实验结果显示汉语的声母意识、韵母意识和音节意识分别对英语口语、英语听力和英语语音加工能力有一定的预测作用。这说明汉语的语音意识迁移到英语中并对英语的听说能力发展起着相当重要的作用。     

英语语音意识和阅读能力相关关系的研究

对初二学生英语语音意识的发展状况及与阅读能力之间的关系调查研究表明。初二学生的英语语音意识与其阅读能力有显著性相关;语音意识是阅读能力较好的预测指标;初二学生在英语语音意识的三项任务上表现显著的差异,韵脚意识好于音节意识,后者又好于音位意识。     

语音意识研究对大学英语教学的启示

从语音意识的概念入手,明晰了语音意识的内涵。通过回顾国内外相关研究,表明语音意识和英语阅读能力间存在显著正相关关系,文章阐释了语音意识作用于阅读的原因。研究表明,重视语音意识,采取科学的方法对语音意识进行训练是提高大学英语阅读能力的新的有效途径。本文提出了具体的提高语音意识的教学方法。