芬太尼吗啡联合用于罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞和术后镇痛

目的随机双盲对照研究比较剖宫产手术中使用芬太尼和吗啡单独或联合进行罗派卡因蛛网蟆下腔阻滞效果差别。方法99例择期在0．75％罗哌卡因7．5mg蛛网膜下腔阻滞行剖宫产手术的产妇随机分配到三组；F组在蛛网膜下腔同时给与芬太尼15^ug，M组给与吗啡0．25mg，FM组给与芬太尼150^ug＋吗啡0．25mg，所有的产妇在手术以后给与病人自控镇痛系统（PCA）进行吗啡术后镇痛。结果各组在术中舒适度、麻黄碱消费量、恶心呕吐、瘙痒和镇静等方面没有显著的差异（p〉0．05）；F组和FM组与M组之间相比取得感觉阻滞效果时间有显著差异（p〈0．05）；F组和M组以及F和FM组之间，吗啡术后镇痛消耗量在4，8，12和24小时有显著的差异（p〈0．01），在2小时点，F组和FM组之间已有显著差异（p〈0．05）。结论与单独使用芬太尼比较，蛛网膜下腔吗啡与芬太尼合用可以提供更加良好的术后镇痛，与单独使用吗啡相比，蛛网膜下腔吗啡与芬太尼合用可以更快的建立阻滞平面；结果表明不同给药途径吗啡单独使用在手术后均能够提供良好的镇痛。     

罗哌卡因、氟美松骶管阻滞用于小儿术后镇痛

开展小儿术后疼痛治疗,不仅可减轻患儿痛苦,而且可减少术后并发症与病死率,为日后康复创造有利条件.我们采用罗哌卡因、氟美松骶管阻滞用于小儿术后镇痛取得满意效果.     

舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于开胸术后静脉镇痛的临床观察

目的:观察比较等效剂量的舒芬太尼与芬太尼分别复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于胸科手术术后静脉镇痛的临床效果及不良反应.方法:选择开胸手术成年患者78例,随机均分为两组,观察组(S组)术毕前15min静注舒芬太尼10g+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为舒芬太尼2.5g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg;对照组(F组)术毕前15min静注芬太尼0.1mg+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为芬太尼25g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg.记录各组术后第4、12、24、36、48h各时间点生命体征、镇痛、镇静及不良反应情况.结果:两组患者术后第4、12、24h时间点心律(HP)、平均动脉压(MPA)差异有显著性(P＜0.05);两组术后镇痛均取得了较好的效果,但S组各时间点镇痛VAS评分明显低于F组(P＜0.05),术后第4、12h时间点镇静评分S组明显高于于F组(P＜0.05).结论:舒芬太尼与芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼均可用于开胸手术术后静脉镇痛,但舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于开胸手术术后镇痛、镇静效果更确切、安全、不良反应低,是一种值得推广的方法.     

氯胺酮联合吗啡、可乐定用于晚期癌痛患者硬膜外自控镇痛

目的:探讨吗啡+氯胺酮+可乐定对晚期癌痛的自控镇痛效果。方法:60例三阶梯疗法欠佳的晚期癌症疼痛病人随机均分4组,分别配制吗啡、吗啡+氯胺酮、吗啡+可乐定、吗啡+氯胺酮+可乐定镇痛液进行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA),记录第1、3、6、10、15、17、20 d的视觉模拟评分(VAS),测量血压、脉搏、氧饱和度,并用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行治疗前后的抑郁情绪评估,记录恶心、呕吐、尿潴留、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等并发症。结果:吗啡+氯胺酮+可乐定组VAS评分和HAMD评分均较其他3组低、不良反应次数最少。结论:吗啡+氯胺酮+可乐定用于晚期癌症镇痛效果好,副作用少,安全性高。     

不同剂量芬太尼对胃癌患者术后镇痛效果及免疫功能的影响

目的比较不同剂量芬太尼对胃癌患者术后镇痛效果及免疫功能的影响。方法30例胃癌择期手术的病人,术后镇痛予芬太尼静脉持续输注,随机分成三组,每组10例。Ⅰ组芬太尼剂量为5μg/ml,Ⅱ组为10μg/ml,Ⅲ组为15μg/ml。分别在术后4、24、48h观察病人的镇痛效果、镇痛评分(VAS法);并且在麻醉前、术后1d和7d抽取静脉血,用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群和NK细胞的数量。结果Ⅰ组镇痛效果不完善,VAS评分明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组P<0.01,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组镇痛良好。三组病人术后1d体内CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞数量均明显下降,与麻醉前相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组P<0.05,Ⅲ组下降最显著P<0.01;术后7d各组数据均恢复至术前水平。结论三组对比,Ⅰ组镇痛效果不理想;Ⅲ组术后一过性免疫抑制的程度最明显;Ⅱ组既可取得良好的镇痛效果,术后引起的免疫抑制程度又相对较轻,因此建议芬太尼术后静脉镇痛剂量控制在10μg/ml左右最为安全可靠。     

盐酸罗哌卡因与盐酸布比卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术的临床比较

目的 对比盐酸罗哌卡因和盐酸布比卡因的临床效果,为盐酸罗哌卡因应用妇科手术提供临床依据.方法 选择2012年至今在襄阳职业技术学院附属医院进行择期妇科手术病人50例,均分两组分别接受A组盐酸罗哌卡因(观察组25例)和B组盐酸布比卡因(对照组25例)施行低位硬膜外麻醉.观察两组在低位硬膜外麻醉方面的临床效果,同时监测手术期间心电图P-R、QRS波间期的变化及其它局麻药不良反应.结果 A组和B组感觉阻滞达到T6平面以上的病例分别为80％和88％,Bromage≥2分的病例分别为76％和88％,两组在麻醉效能方面无显著差异.A组未见任何局麻药不良反应,而B组共有6例发生心动过缓、P-R及QRS波间期延长、恶心、胸闷、头晕、耳鸣等不适.结论 盐酸罗哌卡因与盐酸布比卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉行妇科手术中均可达到满意的麻醉效果,但使用盐酸罗哌卡因行低位硬膜外麻醉比使用盐酸布比卡因的临床安全性更高.     

双氯酚酸钠栓在骨科术后镇痛的效果观察

目的:研究双氯酚酸钠栓在骨科手术后的镇痛效果.方法:将140例患者随机分为两组,实验组70例用双氯酚酸钠栓50 mg塞肛;对照组70例用杜冷丁50 mg肌注.结果:镇痛效果上,实验组与对照组无显著差异;副作用上,实验组与对照组比较,实验组呕吐、排尿困难明显减少.结论:双氯酚酸钠栓用于骨科手术后镇痛效果确切,副作用少.     

两种自控镇痛方式对开胸术后患者镇痛效果的对比分析

目的:本文旨在研究静脉自控镇痛方式(PCIA)和硬膜外自控镇痛方式(PCEA)对胸外科开胸术后患者镇痛效果的影响,从而比较两种自控镇痛方式的镇痛效果。方法:选择2014年11月01日至2015年05月01日在内蒙古医科大学附属医院胸外科的行择期手术的60例患者。根据术后镇痛方式的不同,随机分为PCIA组和PCEA组,各30例。观察术后12h、24h的舒适状况和疼痛强度评分,进行对比分析。结果:从舒适状况各维度看,24h时PCEA组生理维度评分(9.90±1.86)高于PCIA组(8.67±2.15)(P<0.05),PCEA组社会文化维度评分(16.33±2.54)高于PCIA组(13.27±3.05)(P<0.05),48h时PCEA组生理维度评分(10.23±1.85)高于PCIA组(9.00±2.45)(P<0.05),PCEA组社会文化维度评分(16.87±1.70)高于PCIA组(13.67±2.75)(p<0.05),而24h、48h时在心理、环境维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从疼痛强度看,24h时PCEA组疼痛强度评分(6.43±1.34)低于PCIA组(7.50±1.33)(P<0.05);48h时PCEA组疼痛强度评分(6.43±1.14)低于PCIA组(7.45±1.33)(P<0.05)。结论:与PCIA相比,PCEA镇痛效果好,能从生理、社会文化维度上获得更高的舒适度,可作为胸外科患者术后首选的镇痛方式。     

罗哌卡因、布比卡因和丁卡因鞍麻用于肛肠手术的临床观察

[目的]探讨等效剂量罗哌卡因、布比卡因和丁卡因鞍麻用于肛肠手术的临床效果的异同,并对其安全性进行评价.[方法]选择择期肛肠手术病人120例,ASAI-II级,体重60~80 kg,随机分为等效剂量罗哌卡因(R)、布比卡因(B)和丁卡因(D)3组,每组40例,合并有高血压、糖尿病病人排除在研究之外.3种药物均采用重比重配方:①0.75%罗哌卡因1.6 mL+10%葡萄糖液1.4 mL;②0.75%布比卡因1 mL+10%葡萄糖液2 mL;③1%丁卡因0.6 mL+10%葡萄糖2.4 mL,分别以硬膜外—腰麻联合阻滞穿刺针穿刺成功后注入蛛网膜下腔,给药后10 m in内测1次/m in,以后5 m in测1次到25 m in,观察感觉阻滞起效时间直到运动恢复时间.若手术时间过长时硬膜外分次追加1.5%利多卡因8~15 mL.[结果]3组病人的年龄、身高、体重、ASA分及和手术时间无明显差异.3组的感觉阻滞起效时间和最大感觉阻滞平面没有显著差异,在最大阻滞时间上R>D(P<0.05);运动阻滞方面,3组的运动阻滞起效时间,B rom age评分及运动恢复时间无统计学差异,但R组达到最大运动阻滞时间明显较其他组长,3组副作用及不良反应发生率无显著差异.[结论]罗哌卡因适用于鞍麻行肛肠手术,与等效剂量的药物鞍麻用于肛肠手术的麻醉效能相似,3种药物的感觉和运动的阻滞起效时间、程度、恢复时间、阻滞平面相似,但R的最大阻滞时间和最大运动阻滞时间较其他两组延长.     

剖胸手术后镇痛对呼吸功能的影响

目的:探讨剖胸术后胸部硬膜外镇痛对术后呼吸功能的影响。方法:33例择期剖胸手术病人随机分为硬膜外丁哌卡因-芬太尼镇痛组(Ⅰ组,n=10)、硬膜外丁哌卡因-吗啡镇痛组(Ⅱ组,n=12)和对照组(Ⅲ组,n=11)术后进行镇痛治疗,监测镇痛效果(VAS评分)和手术前后呼吸功能的动态改变。结果:(1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ组病人术后获得满意的镇痛效果,VAS评分明显低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),以Ⅱ组效果最佳。(2)Ⅰ、Ⅱ组病人术后呼吸平静,VT、MV、VC、FVC、FEVI和MVV等均高于Ⅲ组,Ⅲ组病人呈浅快式呼吸。(3)术后三组病人的PaO_2与SaO_2均明显低于术前水平(P<0.05),A-aDO_2增大(P<0.05),七日内均不能恢复。其中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组病人的平均PaO_2与SaO_2明显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),A-aDO_2亦较Ⅲ组小(P<0.01),而且上述指标的恢复Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较Ⅲ组快。结论:胸部硬膜外镇痛能够显著改善剖胸手术后病人的通气和换气功能。     

Patient and Provider Perceptions of Decision Making About Use of Epidural Analgesia During Childbirth: A Thematic Analysis

This study examines the nature of differences in perceptions of decision making between patients and providers about use of epidural analgesia during labor. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in written survey responses from 14 patients, 13 labor nurses, and 7 obstetrician–gynecologists. Results revealed patients attempted to place themselves in an informed role in decision making and sought respect for their decisions. Some providers demonstrated paternalism and a tendency to steer patients in the direction of their own preferences. Nurses observed various pressures on decision making, reinforcing the importance of patients being supported to make an informed choice. Differences in perceptions suggest need for improvement in communication and shared decision-making practices related to epidural analgesia use in labor.     

Differences Between Patient and Provider Perceptions of Informed Decision Making About Epidural Analgesia Use During Childbirth

The objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist between patient and provider perceptions regarding the decision-making process around use of epidural analgesia during childbirth. The dyadic patient–provider Decisional Conflict Scale was modified to measure first-time mother (n = 35) and maternity care provider (n = 52) perceptions. Providers perceived a greater degree of informed decision making than patients (84.97 vs. 79.41, p = .04) and were more likely to recall they upheld patients’ rights to make informed choices than patients were to perceive their rights had been upheld (85.95 vs. 71.73, p < .01). This incongruity highlights the need to align legal principles with practice to create mutual agreement between stakeholder perceptions of informed decision making.     

经尿道电切术加2.5% 5-氟尿嘧啶局部灌注治疗男性尿道内尖锐湿疣

目的:探讨经尿道电切术及2.50/5-氟尿嘧啶治疗尿道内尖锐湿疣的疗效及安全性.方法:对尿道内尖锐湿疣进行经尿道电切术加5-氟尿嘧啶局部灌注治疗.结果:治疗15例,治愈13例,尿道内复发2例.结论:经尿道电切术加2.5%氟尿嘧啶局部灌注治疗尿道内尖锐湿疣是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Experimental investigation on system with combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector

This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.     

Comparison of 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine epidural anesthesia combined with propofol general anesthesia guided by bispectral index

Objective： To compare the effects of epidural anesthesia with 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine on propofol requirements, the time to loss of consciousness （LOC）, effect-site propofol concentrations, and the hemodynamic variables during induction of general anesthesia guided by bispectral index （BIS） were studied. Methods： Forty-five patients were divided into three groups to receive epidurally administered saline （Group S）, 1.5% （w/w） lidocaine （Group L）, or 0,5% （w/w） ropivacaine （Group R） Propofol infusion was started to produce blood concentration of 4 lag/ml. Once the BIS value reached 40-50, endotracheal intubation was facilitated by 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. Measurements included the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, mean arterial blood pressure （MABP）, and heart rate （HR） at different study time points. Results： During induction of anesthesia, both Groups L and R were similar for the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, MABP, HR, and BIS. The total doses of propofol administered until 1 min post-intubation were significantly less in patients of Groups R and L compared with Group S. MABP and HR were significantly lower following propofol induction compared with baseline values in the three groups, or MABP was significantly increased following intubation as compared with that prior to intubation in Group S but not in Groups R and L while HR was significantly increased following intubation in the three groups. Conclusion： Epidural anesthesia with 1.5% lidocaine and 0.5% ropivacaine has similar effects on the time to LOC, effect-site propofol concentrations, total propofol dose, and the hemodynamic variables during induction of general anesthesia.     

零缺陷护理模式对脑出血患者术后神经康复效果与生活质量的作用探讨

目的:探讨零缺陷护理模式对脑出血患者术后神经康复效果与生活质量的影响。方法:纳入赣州市人民医院2016年3月至2018年1月收治的、行手术治疗的100例脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。对照组采用心理疏导、健康宣教、切口护理、饮食指导等常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用零缺陷护理模式。两组均干预1个月,收集并分析两组患者神经功能评分(NIHSS)、生活自理能力评分(FIM)及生活质量变化情况。结果:观察组干预后NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后FIM评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组一般健康状况、生活能力、生理职能、情感职能、躯体疼痛、生理机能、精神健康、社会功能评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:零缺陷护理模式能提高脑出血患者患者神经功能修复,提高患者日常生活活动能力,提高患者临床预后效果。     

皮瓣术后血循环障碍高压氧治疗的疗效观察及护理

目的通过对皮瓣术后血循环障碍的患者，实施高压氧治疗的疗效观察及护理，提高皮瓣的成活率。方法本组对108例皮瓣术后血循环障碍患者的高压治疗，观察其疗效及进行护理。结果皮瓣成活94例，基本成活12例，不成活2例，总有效率98．1％。结论皮瓣术后血循环障碍高压氧治疗效果显著，同时尽早治疗，及做好治疗时的护理工作。     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and association with Epstein-Barr virus infection

Objective: To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the association between MMP9 and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Methods: The MMP9 expression was studied by immu-nohistochemical analysis; and Epstein-Barr virus encoded small nuclear mRNA-1(EBER-1) produced by in situ hybridization were examined in 41 nasopharyngeal carcinoma sections, and the relation between them, and the associations of MMP9 with clinical features were statistically analyzed. Results: Positive expression rate of MMP9 was 73.17%. The expression of MMP9 showed significant positive correlation with the expression of EBER-1 (γ0.483, P=0.001). There was significant association of MMP9 expression with lymph nodes metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.001), non-significant association with age, gender, pathological classification and T classification. Conclusions: The highly pronounced expression of MMP9 is associated with cervical lymph nodes metastasis. Epstein-Barr virus can enhance N