造成教育机会性别不均等的政策原因

注重教育性别公平,必先实现教育机会性别均等。我国现行教育机会性别均等政策,无论在理论上还是在实践上,都存在着一定程度的性别偏好。我们要将社会性别平等意识纳入教育政策主流,重新审视、修订和完善教育机会性别均等政策,为实现教育性别公平做出切实的努力。     

营造无性别歧视的学校教育

一、教育中的性别平等与均等 教育领域,性别的平等（equality）不同于性别均等（parity）。后者是数字概念,它反映相同比例的男童女童进入各级各类学校或年级的状况,通常指男女儿童接受和完成各级教育的数字比例,它是实现性别平等的充分条件,是比较容易监控和测量的;而性别平等包含男女儿童入学机会、教育过程以及发展方面的平等。     

造成教育机会性别不均等的政策原因

注重教育性别公平,必先实现教育机会性别均等.我国现行教育机会性别均等政策,无论在理论上还是在实践上,都存在着一定程度的性别偏好.我们要将社会性别平等意识纳入教育政策主流,重新审视、修订和完善教育机会性别均等政策,为实现教育性别公平做出切实的努力.     

各国职业教育性别教育机会的比较分析

借鉴和运用当代国际竞争力理论与评价体系,对世界各国或地区职业教育机会竞争力水平进行度量。结果显示,在整个世界范围内,职业教育体系中仍然面临机会性别不均等的问题;其中发展中国家比发达国家面临更大的性别不均等问题。中国在促进职业教育性别均等方面取得了一定成就,但从总体来看,我国女性接受职业教育的机会仍然低于男性,这一现象在职业教育体系的较高层次更为明显。     

论我国教育机会均等问题

现阶段我国仍存在着教育机会不均等的问题，为此，必须严格执行义务教育法，确保义务教育阶段的教育机会均等；增加教育投入，合理分配教育经费；保持教育规模合理适度扩张；广泛开展成人教育，努力实现教育机会的均等。     

开放教育与男女受教育平等

开放教育以全球化和社会化大生产背景下的全体公民为对象，表现出日益广泛的社会性、大众性、民主性、多样性，代表了未来教育的方向，为在我国实现男女受教育平等提供了历史机遇，使大批女性获得与男性均等的教育机会，但开放教育现状仍然不能完全解决男女受教育的平等性。旧的传统观念、社会角色定位和女性自身条件限制是很主要的原因，要解决这个问题必须采取一系列对策性的措施。     

教育机会均等问题的制度思考

教育机会均等是现代意义上教育公平的一项重要理念和准则。现阶段，教育机会不均等的现象在我国依然存在。文章着重从制度层面分析我国教育机会不均等产生的原因，进而探讨实现教育机会均等的对策，以期为思考我国教育机会均等问题提供一种新的理论视角。     

影响我国教育机会均等的社会因素分析

一、导致我国当前教育机会不均的社会因素分析 （一）我国地区差异导致教育机会不均等 我国幅员辽阔，不民地区的社会发展呈梯度推移格局，地区差异已成为社会差异的一个重要范畴，成为我国教育无法躲避的一个社会背景，它的存在导致我国不同地区间教育机会严重失衡。     

教育公平的概述

研究教育公平的两种方法。(1)在教育的不同阶段，受教育者是否有均等的机会(包括四种标准：起点均等，参与均等，结果均等，教育影响生活前景的机会均等)。(2)根据受教育者在受教育过程中占用的公共教育资源是否合理，它可用洛伦茨曲线进行分析。     

我国教育性别不平等问题研究的回顾与反思

关于我国教育性别不平等问题的研究主要涉及三个问题:教育机会性别不均等、教育结果性别不平等及教育过程中的性别不平等。我国教育性别不平等问题的研究具有重要的现实意义,但是目前的研究没有充分关注性别问题的多元性和复杂性。笔者认为应借鉴社会性别这一概念对我国教育的性别不平等问题进行更深入的探讨。     

落实教育政策 应对儿童性早熟

从上个世纪六十年代开始,世界上出现了较为普遍的儿童体格发育和青春发育年龄提前的趋势,我们称之为儿童性早熟。近年来这种病的发病率更是显著提高,可以说,儿童早熟是一个全球问题,其后果十分严重,而由此引发的一些社会问题,教育难逃其咎。文章从家庭、社会、学校三方面对教育发出呼吁,希望我们的教育从实际行动上发挥它应有的育人作用,实施真正人性化的教育,帮助儿童身心健康地成长。     

Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes

OBJECTIVE: This paper examined the relationship between exposure to sexual and physical abuse (CSA and CPA) in childhood and later educational achievement outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood in a birth cohort of over 1,000 children studied to age 25. METHOD: Retrospective data on CSA and CPA were gathered at ages 18 and 21 and used to form a best estimate of exposure to CSA and CPA. The relationship between CSA, CPA, and self-reported educational outcomes to 25 years was examined using logistic regression models that took into account social background, parental factors, and individual factors. RESULTS: Increasing exposure to CSA and CPA was significantly associated with failing to achieve secondary school qualifications (CSA: B=.53, SE=.13, p<.0001; CPA: B=.62, SE=.12, p<.0001), gaining a Higher School Certificate (CSA: B=-.48, SE=.13, p<.001; CPA: B=-.78, SE=.14, p<.001), attending university (CSA: B=-.29, SE=.13, p<.05; CPA: B=-.45, SE=.13, p<.001), and gaining a university degree (CSA: B=-.54, SE=.18, p<.005; CPA: B=-.64, SE=.17, p<.001). Adjustment for confounding social, parental, and individual factors explained most of these associations. After control for confounding factors, omnibus tests of the associations between CSA and outcomes and CPA and outcomes failed to reach statistical significance (CSA: Wald chi(2) (4)=7.72, p=.10; CPA: Wald chi(2) (4)=8.26, p=.08). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of exposure to CSA and CPA on later educational achievement outcomes are largely explained by the social, family, and individual context within which exposure to abuse takes place.     

Children's reports of emotional,physical and sexual maltreatment by educational staff in Israel

OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on the first nationally representative study on the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual victimization of children by school staff in Israel. The study identifies groups of children that are at higher risk for such maltreatment. We examine the differences in staff-induced victimization by the children's gender, age group (junior high vs. high school), cultural groups (Jewish non-religious, Jewish-religious and Arab schools) and by socioeconomic status of the children's families. METHOD: The study is based on a nationally representative sample of 10,410 Israeli students in Grades 7-11 in 161 schools across Israel. Students completed questionnaires during class. In addition, we obtained data on the socioeconomic status of the families of the students in each school. RESULTS: Overall, children reported high rates of victimization by staff members. Almost a quarter of all children participating in this study reported being emotionally maltreated by a staff member, almost a fifth (18.7%) reported being a victim of at least one type of physical forms of maltreatment, and 8.2% reported on at least one sexually inappropriate behavior by a staff member. The most vulnerable groups for all types of maltreatment were males, children in junior high schools, children in Arab schools, and children in schools with a high concentration of students coming from low-income and low-education families. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence rates of staff maltreatment should be considered high and unacceptable. Although rates of physical and sexual maltreatment were lower than emotional maltreatment, they were still high and are worthy of greater attention. Both cultural beliefs and low family socioeconomic status increase vulnerability to staff maltreatment. We suggest conducting an educational campaign to reduce rates of staff maltreatment. We also recommend allocating more resources to support staff in low SES neighborhoods, to alleviate their stress and to provide them with the support that would reduce maltreatment of children in the educational system.     

教育理论研究向教育实践活动通达的障碍消除

教育理论研究能否顺利地通达教育实践活动，其主要原因并不在于教育理论研究的个人意愿及其科研成果的品质，而在于教育体制的开放程度和理性水平。实质性地进行教育体制改革，使教育成为体现教育主体性、体现教育应然的本质和宗旨、张扬教育应然的精神和品格的真正的教育，教育理论研究向教育实践通达才具备坚实的思想和制度基础。     

Examining the relationship between higher educational attainment,trauma symptoms,and internalizing behaviors in child sexual abuse survivors

The trauma symptoms of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors don’t end with the abuse, or even with the advent of adulthood. Instead, these symptoms can persist into all the realms of a survivor’s life, including education, which sets the foundation for career advancement. This retrospective study of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (n = 260) examined the relationships between trauma symptoms, dissociation, dissociative amnesia, anxiety, depression, sleep problems and higher education attainment. The purpose of this study was to determine if these factors are associated with higher education completion for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Linear regressions and ANOVAs suggest that many of these variables are significantly associated with survivors’ educational trajectory, and multiple linear regressions show that trauma symptoms (as measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40), caregivers’ education levels, and age at onset of abuse are significant predictors of decreased education levels. This information can provide insight into additional risk and protective factors for CSA survivors in order to enhance acute and long-term management of trauma symptoms to increase levels ofattainment of higher education.     

教育科研要为教育决策服务--在省、市级高教研究机构协作会议上的发言

陈至立同志在全国教育科学"十五"规划2001年度课题评审会上指出:中国教育改革和发展所取得的成就是有目共睹的.教育在大改革、大发展的同时,新问题、新情况和新挑战也层出不穷,教育科研工作者必须树立为重大教育决策服务的意识,研究教育发展中出现的一些热点、难点问题,对一些教育问题作长远的、全局性的和深层次的科学研究,提供新思路、新办法,为教育决策当好参谋.陈至立部长的讲话,再次强调了新时期重视与加强教育科学研究的重要性和必要性,值得我们认真思考.     

The educational inadequacy of conceptions of self in educational psychology

Disciplinary and professional psychology have exercised considerable influence over the ways in which Western individuals and societies understand what it is to be a person. During the last half of the 20^th century, educational psychologists advanced scientific and humanistic conceptions of the self that removed personhood from the historical, socio-cultural traditions and related moral and political practices within which the self develops. In consequence, the theoretical and practical models of self-enhancement and self-management offered by educational psychologists are inadequate with respect to the education of persons who, if they are to function as effective citizens, must participate in complex, contested socio-cultural, moral, and political contexts with others.     

教育伦理视阈中的教育评价刍议

教育评价作为整个教育活动的一个关键环节，是一种价值关涉和价值创造的活动，对教与学均具有导向性作用。教育评价伦理工作从马克思主义人学意义上应是一种重要的道德关怀和精神援助，是一项激发和发展人的主体性和创造力的事业。教育评价标准的价值取向应是促进人的全面、自由、和谐的发展。     

加强教育科学研究 积极推进教育创新

作者从没有高水平的高等教育科学研究就很难有高水平的高等教育,大学要出教育思想、办学理念、教育理论,加快高等教育决策的科学化、民主化、法制化等三个方面论述了加强教育科学研究、积极推进教育创新的重要性。     

关于教育的伦理道德价值的思考——兼谈教育的轼利化倾向

教育的伦理道德价值是从伦理道德的角度对教育价值的再思考。它是对教育这一社会活动或社会现象之应该如何的表述，以理想和超越为本质的非功利的价值取向是其核心和灵魂。依据价值关系的主体，有教育的个体伦理道德价值和教育的社会伦理道德价值之分。前表现为满足个体对幸福生活的向往和渴求，后是为社会发展提供智力支持和精神支柱的和谐统一。