Youth exercise intention and past exercise behavior: examining the moderating influences of sex and meeting exercise recommendations

The study purposes were to examine: (a) the determinants of exercise intention and past exercise behavior (PEB) using the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and (b) the moderating influences of sex and exercise group (meeting or not meeting exercise guidelines). Participants (n = 676 adolescents) completed self-reported measures of their exercise attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intention, and PEB. We found that attitude, subjective norm, and PBC explained 55% of the variance in intention, and intention and PBC explained 51% of the variance in PEB. While we found sex and exercise group differences across the study measures, we did not find evidence of significant moderation. Thus, the theory constructs predicted intention and PEB similarly across sex and exercise groups.     

体育锻炼行为和行为转变理论模式的嫁接

解释了行为转变理论模式在体育锻炼行为中运用的可行性,呈现了我国在体育锻炼行为的阶段性特征领域的研究成果;阐述了行为转变理论模式和体育锻炼行为的合理嫁接,以及这种嫁接所带来的意义,提出了在体育锻炼行为的阶段性特征的研究中还存在的一些问题.     

运动与氨基酸的代谢

氨基酸是构成机体蛋白质的基本原料,某些氨基酸具有特殊的营养功能,尽管氨基酸在运动过程中提供的能量很少,但它却与运动能力有着密切的关系。因此,阐述与运动能力有密切关系的氨基酸的代谢及其功能具有重要的意义。     

运动减肥与肉碱的关系

分析脂肪代谢的全过程，认为肉碱是脂肪酸β氧化的底物，长链脂肪转运进入线粒体的载体，进而阐述了肉碱可用于减肥以及肉碱与运动能力的重要关系。     

多巴胺与运动能力的关系

多巴胺主要生理功能是调节躯体运动、神经活动等。脑中的多巴胺合成和分解与运动能力有密切的关系,其含量的增加可以提高运动能力,尤其是耐力运动能力,多巴胺还可以通过调节其他激素以及影响心血管来影响运动能力;多巴胺也与运动性中枢疲劳有联系;多巴胺合成和分泌异常与帕金森综合征并伴有迟发型运动障碍有关。本文对多巴胺与运动能力之间的关系做一综述。     

大学生锻炼态度与自我概念、锻炼行为的关系性研究

为了明确大学生锻炼态度及其下位因素与自我概念、锻炼行为之间的关系,采用<锻炼态度>与<自我概念>问卷对普通高校大学生进行问卷调查与分析,结果表明:1)锻炼态度与自我概念存在高度相关(r=0.623,P＜0.000),并存在6条显著路径,但只有4个因素能够非常好地对自我概念有预测作用(P＜0.001);2)锻炼态度各因素对锻炼行为的作用差异较大,五个因素对锻炼行为的直接作用达到显著水平.     

运动行为的意识性训练研究

揭示了意识性在高峰运动行为中作用和影响,利用意识操作并指导运动行为,指出提高运动员意识性训练的方法.意识性训练是有意识的心理活动,运动员意识的优劣将决定比赛的胜负.     

有关锻炼与减低抑郁关系研究的综述

回顾锻炼治疗抑郁症的历史与现状,指出锻炼是对传统的药物治疗与心理治疗抑郁症方法的有效补充。与药物治疗和心理治疗相比,锻炼治疗抑郁症花费更少,并且无任何副作用。     

The exercise and affect relationship: evidence for the dual-mode model and a modified opponent process theory

This study examined the relationship between exertion level and affect using the framework of opponent-process theory and the dual-mode model, with the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist and the State Anxiety Inventory among 14 active and 14 sedentary participants doing 20 min of treadmill exercise at speeds of 5% below, 5% above, and at lactate threshold (LT). We found a significant effect of time, condition, Time × Condition, and Time × Group, but no group, Group × Condition, or Time × Group × Condition effects, such that the 5% above LT condition produced a worsening of affect in-task compared with all other conditions whereas, across conditions, participants experienced in-task increases in energy and tension, and in-task decreases in tiredness and calmness relative to baseline. Posttask, participants experienced mood improvement (decreased tension, anxiety, and increased calmness) across conditions, with a 30-min delay in the above LT condition. These results partially support the dual-mode model and a modified opponent-process theory.     

运动与唾液溶菌酶和sIgA的关系

通过对运动与唾液中的溶菌酶和sIgA相关性的研究,了解运动对唾液中sIgA和溶菌酶的影响及与上呼吸道感染的关系,结果表明:不同的运动项目、运动强度及运动时间对唾液溶今菌酶和sIgA的影响不同且与上呼吸道感染的危险性也有着不同的影响.     

运动与肥胖状态下睾酮生物合成的关系

肥胖会导致体内血浆瘦素水平升高,发生瘦素抵抗,进而影响机体的物质和能量代谢,瘦素还可直接作用于睾丸间质细胞影响睾酮的生物合成;而运动作为一种应激因素,可影响雄性生殖系统的功能。本文阐述了肥胖状态下由瘦素作用的JAK-STAT对睾酮传导通路各级蛋白的影响,以及运动干预对各级联蛋白含量的影响。     

对普通高校学生身体自尊与体育锻炼态度关系的研究

采用问卷调查法和文献资料法,对高校学生身体自尊、锻炼态度进行研究,阐述了高校学生身体自尊与体育锻炼态度间的关系及相互影响机制,旨在为学生获得较佳的体育锻炼心理效益提供参考。     

大强度运动过程中FGF21与糖、脂代谢关联物的相关性分析

研究大强度运动过程中成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)对糖、脂代谢关联物生长激素(GH)、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、β羟丁酸、胰岛素(Insulin)及血糖(Glucose)的影响,同时对运动锻炼后不同时刻FGF21与上述指标变化的相关性进行探讨,以期阐明大强度运动过程中FGF21与糖、脂代谢关联物的变化规律。     

Extending the theory of planned behavior: the role of self and social influences in predicting adolescent regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

The current study aimed to test the validity of an extended theory of planned behavior model (TPB; Ajzen, 1991), incorporating additional self and social influences, for predicting adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants (N = 423) completed an initial questionnaire that assessed the standard TPB constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, as well as past behavior, self-identity, and the additional social influence variables of group norms, family social support, friends' social support, and social provisions. One week after completion of the main questionnaire, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed self-reported physical activity during the previous week. The standard TPB variable--past behavior, self-identity, and group norms, but not social support influences--predicted intentions, with intention, past behavior, and self-identity predicting behavior. Overall, the results provide support for an extended version of the TPB incorporating self-identity and those social influences linked explicitly to membership of a behaviorally relevant reference group.     

体育锻炼行为的跨理论模型研究进展

介绍了跨理论模型的主要内容、应用跨理论模型对锻炼行为的研究进展,以及跨理论模型的优点和局限性,在此基础上指出应用跨理论模型进行锻炼行为转变领域研究的发展趋势。     

Starting up or starting over: the role of intentions to increase and maintain the behavior of exercise initiates

Across various social cognitive theories, behavioral intention is broadly argued to be the most proximal and important predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Rogers, 1983). It seems probable that an intention to increase behavior might be differentially determined from an intention to maintain behavior. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the change in two types of behavioral intention over time and (2) the relationship between intention and the social-cognitive factor mental imagery. Behavioral intention, exercise imagery, and observed exercise behavior was measured in 68 exercise initiates participating in a 12-week exercise program. Results revealed that behavioral intention to increase exercise behavior decreased over the exercise program, whereas intentions to maintain exercise behavior increased. Appearance and technique imagery were found to be significant predictors of intention to increase behavior during the first 6 weeks of the program, and only appearance imagery predicted intention to maintain exercise behavior during the last 6 weeks. These findings suggest that the two types of behavioral intention are distinguishable and may be useful targets for exercise behavior interventions.     

运动与红细胞免疫研究浅论

红细胞通过CR1粘附循环中的IC等功能参与机体免疫．运动过程中RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR均发生变化．RFER、RFIR、血乳酸和β-内啡肽的变化是可能的影响因素．