农村居民点整理中的利益分配——以陕西省东樊村为例

运用案例分析法分析农村居民点整理中的利益分配现状与存在的问题,为农村居民点整理利益分配优化提供参考。研究结果表明:1农村居民点整理项目利益来源于城乡土地区位差别而产生的级差地租,经济上的主要表现形式为指标出让收益,利益分配主要是对指标出让收益的分配;2东樊村项目的利益来源是建新预留区的土地转为城市工业用地而产生的级差地租,中介方和政府、东樊村村集体、B村村集体或村民、东樊村村民和其他方的指标出让收益分配比例为56.32%、26.01%、12.31%、5.11%和0.25%;3现状利益分配存在着土地增值收益范围难以确定、政府在项目中的收益分配界线模糊、中介方收益比例在资金分配结构中比重过大、村民间利益分配存在局部不公平的问题。研究提出5个方面的建议:1界定土地增值收益的概念和范围;2确定各主体利益分配的合理区间;3扩大城乡建设用地增减挂钩的平台效应;4建立农村土地和房屋流转制度;5加大农民参与力度,来完善农村居民点整理的利益分配。     

用经济手段抑制农地过度非农换

分析了农地非农化的内在影响因素,揭示现阶段我国农地非农化过程中存在着严重的价格扭曲、土地征收增值收益分配不合理等问题,提出要抑制地方政府征地垄断行为就需消除政府价格扭曲和运用税收、收费等经济手段调节土地增值收益的分配以抑制农地过度非农化的对策.     

土地二次开发中政府分享土地增值收益研究

土地二次开发是城镇化稳步推进的重要组成部分,土地增值收益分配是土地二次开发的制度核心。本研究基于实物期权理论和案例分析法探讨土地二次开发中政府分享土地增值收益测算方法,考察土地二次开发中政府分享土地增值收益机制。研究结果表明,历史房产价值的大小和波动程度,以及未来土地开发动态风险对于政府分享土地增值预期收益有较大影响,土地二次开发后的土地规划用途是影响政府分享土地增值水平的重要因素。研究发现,实物期权理论能够捕捉土地二次开发生命期内不确定性的动态变化,据此构建的实物期权模型对土地二次开发中土地增值收益测算具有良好的适用性和应用性。     

土地资源配置体制与供给模式对房地产市场影响的路径分析

土地资源配置体制与供给模式对房地产市场影响日益凸显。本文系统回顾我国城市土地资源配置的演进过程,对土地储备实施制度前后供给模式及其特点进行对比分析,归纳土地供给模式对于房地产市场影响的路径。土地供给模式从宏观和微观层面对房地产市场产生系统性的影响,地方政府是重要的利益相关者。稳定市场预期,增加供给渠道,规范土地收益使用机制是稳定房地产市场的必要举措。     

浅析土地片区开发策略与土地增值策略

土地成片开发是指对农地或比较原始的建设用地进行基础设施建设和生产生活配套,以获取土地出让（转让）收益或自留经营收益的一种经济行为。与宗地开发相比,土地成片开发具有面积大、容纳建设项目多和整体连片等特征,虽然这种开发因周期长、资金占用量大以及风险高等原因一般多为政府行为,但因利润空间无限、开发机会众多而受到各类投资主体的青睐。就土地片开发的片区发展策略、土地增值策略以及土地开发步骤等问题进行一般性论述。     

浅析土地财政对房地产市场的影响及建议

在我国将GDP作为地方官员政绩主要考核指标的前提下,政府利用现行土地制度增加财政收入,有限的土地资源被盲目开发,对房地产市场的可持续发展带来了严重影响。本文试图通过概述土地财政与我国房地产市场的现状,揭示我国土地财政对房地产市场的影响,最后,提出相关的改革建议,确保土地和房地产的可持续利用。     

城市边缘区土地增值收益分配管理研究分析

随着我国经济社会的不断发展城市边缘地区土地增值收益分配问题已经变得越来越引人关注了,城乡一体化的矛盾加深,尤其是关于土地增值收益问题,针对我国土地增值收益分配的现状,结合了国际土地增值收益分配的成功经验,进行了不断地尝试与创新,在改革实践中向前发展,本文就这一问题进行深入的分析研究,希望对大家有所帮助。     

划拨土地使用权权益价格评估方法探究

通过对现有的市场法、收益法、成本法、假设开发法以及基准地价修正法的应用分析,发现这些估价方法都难以适用于评估划拔土地使用权的权益价格。针对成本法存在的局限性,提出了“基于土地增值收益分配的正算法”评估方法及其思路,并对该方法中相关参数的确定进行了分析。     

生物质燃料供应链协同优化研究

本文通过引入契约机制、信息共享机制和收益分配机制来构建新的协同合作模式,并基于shapley值对供应链上各利益主体的收益进行协同分配。研究表明,在三种机制保障下各利益群体的经济效益均有所增加,可以实现帕累托改进。敏感性分析表明,上网电价是影响供应链收益的最敏感因素,因此构建合理的生物质发电上网电价形成机制是促进该产业发展的重要因素。另外,政府的政策引导以及积极加入CDM可以有效增加各利益群体收益。     

基于合作博弈的节能收益分配方案

在合同能源管理节能模式下,相关利益者之间的不平等收益分配问题直接影响了合作联盟的有效性和稳定性,从而影响参与者的经济利益。本文提出了一种基于合作博弈的节能收益分配模型,通过Shapley值解法来解决相关利益者之间的收益分配问题。为了改善Shapley值解法,本文将利益相关者所承担的风险也考虑进去,更加合理地实现收益的分配。最后通过实证分析验证这个方案的可行性。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.