研究生安全教育的探索与实践

操作失误是导致高校实验室发生火灾爆炸事故的重要原因。介绍了清华大学材料学院研究生实验室安全教育课程的开设情况,总结了研究生安全教育在实验室火灾预防中发挥的重要作用,说明了高校开展研究生安全教育的必要性。     

加强工科研究生培养的实践环节

实践环节是工科研究生培养的重要组成部分。随着我国研究生教育规模的迅速扩张,教育资源日趋紧张,研究生的实践条件十分有限,加强工科研究生实践环节的培养已经成为当务之急。笔者对工科研究生实践能力培养的重要性和提升研究生实践能力的措施进行了探讨。     

Learning to become graduate students: Japanese women's experience in the research unit in engineering

Based on the analysis of 16 interviews with women first-year master's students at two national engineering schools in Japan, this article examines the socialisation role of compulsory undergraduate research experience in Japanese women's decisions to pursue graduate education and choices of the programme. The findings suggest that research experiences in a small independent research unit within the major department convinced Japanese women engineering students of their academic and social success as graduate students in the current environment. Although participants generally adapted themselves to the research unit through their research, there is a variation in the degree to which they were smoothly integrated into the research unit, reflecting organisational and individual differences.     

Common WISC-III examiner errors: Evidence from graduate students in training

Sixty WISC-III protocols, administered by graduate students in training, were examined to obtain preliminary data on the frequency and types of administration and scoring errors that examinees commit. Results were compared with previous studies that have evaluated examiner errors on the Wechsler scales. In general, the present results were consistent with those of previous studies that have illustrated that a large number of scoring errors are committed by graduate students as well as by other professional groups. The majority of errors committed by participants in this study were general errors. That is, errors were not specific to a particular subtest. The five most frequent errors included failure to query, failure to record responses verbatim, reporting Full Scale IQ incorrectly, reporting Verbal IQ incorrectly, and adding individual subtest scores incorrectly. However, the traditional difficult to score Verbal subtests were not as troublesome for examiners in this study as they were for examiners in previous studies. In addition, significant decreases in the mean number of errors per protocol and in the number of most frequently occurring errors per protocol were noted. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Metacognition gains in public health graduate students following in-class peer evaluation

Peer evaluation provides an opportunity to give and receive feedback on work in a structured setting. Instructors can utilise peer evaluation as an opportunity to teach and for students to practice metacognition along with other professional skills. Second year Master of Public Health students in a professional development capstone course participated in a peer evaluation for two writing assignments. Students were administered pre- and post-surveys about their perceptions of peer evaluation. First years were administered the survey as a comparison group. Mixed methods were used to: (1) examine second years’ perceptions of skills gained/practiced after engaging in peer evaluation, (2) compare perceptions of peer evaluation in second to first years, and (3) measure agreement across skills gained following peer evaluation compared to self-reported competencies in their final capstone ePortfolio assignment. Results demonstrate gains in metacognition of professional skills and strong agreement of the skills reported following peer evaluation and self-reported competencies.     

研究生国际化培养的实践与思考

研究生国际化培养是指在研究生的课程学习、论文工作与实践交流等环节中采用国际合作手段进行培养的一种方式。笔者结合实践,阐述了研究生国际化培养需以“人才培养”为中心,促进学生与教师共同提高;需以“双方受益”为原则,推进学科发展与国际认同度提升;需以“平台搭建”为依托,推动培养环境建设与管理服务改进。     

新时期研究生德育工作的思考与实践

随着改革开放的不断推进,高校研究生德育工作必须按“解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进”的思想路线,作出相应的调整。为保证提高德育工作质量,应努力探索新时期德育工作目标和内容、工作方式及方法;文章还提出提高研究生德育工作实效性的对策和措施,包括:构建科学的工作体制,形成有效的运行机制,重视党支部建设及加强工作队伍的培训等。     

Alternative frameworks,conceptual conflict and accommodation: Toward a principled teaching strategy

Students' alternative frameworks (frequently regarded as misconceptions) play a crucial role in science concept learning. Accumulated research findings indicate that alternative frameworks are resistant to extinction despite formal instruction.This paper presents an instructional strategy based on the thesis that science concept learning involves cognitive accommodation of an initially held alternative framework. The strategy consists of three phases: (1) exposing alternative frameworks, (2) creating conceptual conflict, (3) encouraging cognitive accommodation. The first phase is facilitated through an exposing event, while the second and third focus on a discrepant event.The authors have used previous research findings about student alternative frame-works for the structure of a gas to create exposing and discrepant events for an introduction to the particle model of gases. The paper presents a case study of two lessons in a sequence on the particle model, accompanied by an analysis of the phases of the instructional strategy employed for cognitive accommodation.Based on a paper presented at the AERA convention, Los Angeles, California, April, 1981.This paper was prepared while the first author was a visiting professor at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.     

高校研究生实验室安全课程的探索与实践

对实验室相关人员,尤其是研究生进行的系统安全教育非常必要,重点介绍了“实验室安全学”课程的体系、内容以及实践环节.经过8年的教学实践表明,该课程的开设是提高研究生安全意识、培训安全素质和能力的有效手段和途径.     

Learning from dilemmas: teacher professional development through collaborative action and reflection

This article aims at describing and analysing the interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas experienced by a group of five university teachers as they engaged in collaborative inquiry, including the ways in which teachers managed these dilemmas and how this contributed to their professional development. The results are based on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, working sessions, participant observation and teacher narratives. Our findings illustrate how interpersonal and intrapersonal dilemmas co-occur when teachers engage in collaborative inquiry. Working together towards shared goals brought to the surface differences in beliefs and expectations that generated conflict and tension, which sometimes interfered with teachers’ willingness to work together. At the same time, introducing changes to their teaching practice – a major goal of inquiry communities – challenged teachers to question and revise their personal beliefs about teaching and learning, thereby triggering intrapersonal dilemmas. Our findings also confirm the key role of critical reflection for bringing these dilemmas to the surface and benefiting from the opportunities they provide for learning and change. Areas that warrant further exploration to better understand the dilemmas within inquiry communities and how to support teachers in handling them are discussed.     

高校研究生综合素质测评理论探讨

针对现行研究生综合素质测评中存在的问题,结合世界其他国家现有的研究成果,主张通过理论创新来提高现行研究生综合素质测评理论。笔者试图从综合素质考评理论中的考评内容体系和考评方法两方面进行探索:从考核的理念出发提出激励引导和考核咨询并重;从考核方法出发,提出KPI和心理测量并举,建立心理健康档案;通过考核周期的变更,建立良好的沟通机制,真正做到考核与反馈结合。并主张管理工作的人性化,真正做到以人为本,对具有心理问题的学生不是歧视,而是正确的疏导和指导,帮助学生培养健康的心理。     

Choosing Canadian graduate schools from afar: East Asian students’ perspectives

This study seeks to explain why and how international graduate students from East Asia choose to come to Canada to pursue advanced education. A synthesis model is developed to explain their decision-making process, while a push–pull model is used to understand the strengths of and relationships among various factors that influence the choice of a country, institution, program, and city. The research sample comprised 140 students from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan who enrolled in graduate programs at two large Ontario universities. The research findings reveal the influence of Institutional Academic Pulling Factors, Institutional Administrative Pulling Factors, the Canadian Environment, the Economics of Canadian Education, and the ease of Visa/Immigration. The research shows a three-stage process, guided first by the focus of the program (i.e., research-oriented vs. professional programs). Other factors—country, institution, and city—interplay simultaneously at the later two stages.     

基于研究生能力培养的应用数学专业课程教学实践

分析了目前研究生的学习动机与学科要求之间的矛盾,指出学科对研究生5种能力的要求。以专业课《脉冲微分方程及其应用》为例,实践了将研究生能力的培养融入课程教学。     

Better educational website interface design: the implications from gender-specific preferences in graduate students

This study investigated graduate students’ gender‐specific preferences for certain website interface design features, intending to generate useful information for instructors in choosing and for website designers in creating educational websites. The features investigated in this study included colour value, major navigation buttons placement, and navigation mode. In this study, 56 graduate students in a north‐eastern research university in the US volunteered to evaluate 30 pairs of web page screenshots or website prototypes, and to indicate on the questionnaires their preferences within each pair of prototype. Each participant's preferences for the three features were coded and categorised for chi‐square tests of independence to determine the relationships between gender and the investigated design features. The findings of gender effects on graduate students’ preferences for the aforementioned features were presented and discussed.     

Impaired graduate students: A process model of graduate program monitoring and intervention

Psychological impairment is an area of concern in training graduate students in counseling programs. This article reviews the potentially harmful consequences of impaired graduate students to graduate programs, faculty, other graduate students, and the counseling profession. The paper provides an overview of existing trends, policies, and procedures regarding student screening, remediation, and dismissal from graduate training programs within a Western framework. A process model for monitoring and intervention is presented.     

Teacher dilemmas in challenging students in higher education

Students need to be challenged to stimulate their learning. Applying challenge in practice however is not straightforward. Challenging students may conflict with other teacher responsibilities, creating potential dilemmas for teachers. This study discloses dilemmas teachers encounter when challenging students as well as the considerations accompanying their actual choices for action when coping with these dilemmas. Based on interviews with teachers, first, a dilemma analysis instrument was developed. Seven main categories of dilemmas were found. One of the main dilemmas encompassed maximizing challenge versus keeping all students on board. University students differ in their ability, confronting teachers with the feeling that choosing to serve one group could be detrimental to the learning of others. The diversity of choices and considerations brought forward by the teachers indicates that it matters who the teacher is, and what he or she stands for and is able to do.     

Teachers’ critical incidents: Ethical dilemmas in teaching practice

The aim of this study is to explore ethical dilemmas in critical incidents and the emerged responses that these incidents elicit. Most teachers try to suppress these incidences because of the unpleasant feelings they evoke. Fifty teachers participated in the study. A three-stage coding process derived from grounded theory was utilized. A taxonomy of critical incidents by means of the ATLAS.ti 5.0 revealed a multifaceted model of ethical dilemmas, among them clashing with rules, standards, or norms in school, as well as a multitude of derived responses. The results encourage the development of educational programmes based on teachers’ critical incidents.     

借鉴国外经验 改革研究生教学模式

为了借鉴国外研究生课程教学的理念,在系统参与美国德克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校研究生实验课程"扫描电镜技术"的基础上,分析了实验教学的特色,重点剖析了实验课程的教学体系和授课模式,其中,与科研结合、问题导入的设计性实验特色明显,对提高研究生的创新精神、创新能力以及独立分析能力成效显著。借鉴该实验教学模式,应建立适合我国专业特色的研究生实践课程教学体系。     

大气科学类研究生校内实践基地的建设与探索

我校大气科学学科群依托局校共建平台,充分整合校内和气象行业资源,构建了包括气象预报实践中心、大气探测技术实践中心、气象信息化实践中心、气象图形处理实践中心和大气污染防控实践中心在内的,环节完备、功能齐全的大气科学类研究生校内实践基地,为培养理论基础扎实、业务熟练、具有良好创新精神和科技研发能力、能够适应大气科学未来发展的高层次人才奠定了基础。