The Digital Transformation of Special Collections

ABSTRACT

The effect of digital technology on special collections has been profound and ongoing. The purpose of this article is to explore the effect born digital materials, digitization, and intellectual property have had on special collections in the 21st century. In particular this study will focus on how archival materials have been significantly transformed by interacting with digital technology—providing both challenges in management and opportunities for new online environments to expose this content worldwide. Finally, a research experiment underway at the University of Virginia Library offers a framework that may help highlight some strategies for exploiting new opportunities going forward.     

高校图书馆数字资源云存储模式探究

随着图书馆数字资源总量的快速增加,传统的数据存储方式弊端日益显现。云存储作为一种新型的存储服务模式,为图书馆的海量数字资源建设提供了一种新的选择。在介绍数字存储技术的基础上,重点探讨了云存储在高校图书馆数字资源存储中的应用。     

CONTENTdm Digital Collection Management Software and End-User Efficacy

ABSTRACT

Digital libraries and collections are a growing facet of today's traditional library. Digital library technologies have become increasingly more sophisticated in the effort to provide more and better access to the collections they contain. The evaluation of the usability of these technologies has not kept pace with technological developments, however, and the end-user has in some cases been left behind. This research study evaluates the usability of digital collections created using the CONTENTdm Digital Collection Management System, a software system used by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: Does CONTENTdm meet users' needs? Is the interface sufficiently intuitive for them to use it? Is the experience of exploring digital collections using CONTENTdm satisfying to users? Employing usability testing techniques with actual-end users, this study attempts to assess the efficacy of the CONTENTdm public interface as well as user attitudes toward it. Ten participants from three user groups—faculty, library science graduate students, and the general public—performed eleven tasks designed to test the key functions of CONTENTdm-created collections and then answered a series of questions about their experiences. Key findings from this study indicate that while the included digital collections are useful and desirable to end-users, the interface generated by CONTENTdm can be confusing even for those who have considerable experience using the Internet. Results from this study may be used to improve this software system and add to the literature surrounding the usability of digital libraries in general.     

数字图书馆存储系统解决方案

存储系统作为数字图书馆的支撑平台，是数字图书馆建设的一个基础和重要组成部分。在分析了当前主流网络存储技术以及高校数字图书馆存储需求的基础上，提出高校数字图书馆建设的存储解决方案，包括设计原则、设计方案、设备配置以及存储管理方面的内容。     

基于SAN技术的数字图书馆资源存储系统研究

本在对网络存储技术进行分析的基础上，探讨了一种基于SAN网络存储技术的数字图书馆资源存储系统。     

基于内部云存储的图书馆数据资源存储研究

可靠存储环境是图书馆数字资源为用户提供高效服务的保障。在阐述图书馆数据资源存储技术基础上,分析了云存储内涵及在图书馆中的应用,探讨基于内部云存储的图书馆数字资源数据存储方案,详细分析了其层次架构、访问控制、扩展和部署方法。     

高校图书馆存储备份问题论证研究

高校图书馆数字化建设需要存储备份系统,应构建大容量、传输速度快、性能稳定、扩展性好、便于维护和管理,既代表技术发展方向,性价比又较好的存储备份系统。分析比较DAS、NAS、SAN存储技术以及SAN实现的两种方式,采用IP-SAN构建图书馆数字化建设所需存储备份系统是最理想的选择。     

Digital Inclusion in Library Context: A Perspective from Users with Print Disability

Digital inclusion is a strategy pursued to foster social inclusion of those who have been sidelined from the mainstream of information society due to lack of access to digital technologies and the skills to use them. Libraries have been working to close the gap by providing access to computers, the Internet, digital content, and digital literacy programs. However, research reveals a new type of divide where digitally competent people could be digitally excluded. This shows the need for a better conceptualization of access and literacy. This paper commits to exploring the concept of access to digital content from the perspective of people with print disability. It involved in-depth interviews with ten participants with print disability where the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was used as a framework for data analysis. The overall analysis shows that digital inclusion would be more meaningful if it involved providing content in alternative formats and empowering users to make informed choices. Issues such as flexibility and adaptability in content presentation and design of content discovery tools are among those discussed.     

协同信息推荐技术及其在数字图书馆中的应用研究述评

协同信息推荐系统逐渐被应用到数字图书馆中并成为该领域的主要研究主题之一。从协同信息推荐技术本身、该技术在数字图书馆中的应用以及典型数字图书馆协同信息推荐系统研究等方面对相关研究进行分析和述评,并提出数字图书馆协同信息推荐技术应用的改进策略。     

论期刊的数字化工程

文章阐明了因特网环境下,期刊媒体发展的趋向以及实施数字化工程的意义,介绍了期刊的数字化工程的目标、内容、步骤和方式,描绘了中国数字化期刊工程的社会效益和市场前景。     

高校数字图书馆存储整合研究

高校数字图书馆的建设普遍存在存储资源难于满足存储需求的矛盾,在不同的历史时期,由于技术水平、应用标准的不同,形成了大量的存储孤岛,造成了存储管理的困难和应用的复杂,存储资源的整合势在必行。存储整合具有降低成本、管理方便、提高安全等突出优势,进行存储整合是建立高校数字图书馆统一存储环境的基础;存储整合方式众多,选择适应自身需求的存储整合方式是提高存储设备利用率、有效进行存储资源管理的重要手段。     

Gatekeeping in a Digital Era

The original concept of gatekeeping within journalism was based on a particular research method, a particular sub-profession within the news media, and a particular—now extinct—technological platform. This article describes and discusses what has happened to the function of gatekeeping as new technologies have developed, and it suggests that three models of gatekeeping are present in the digital era. The first model is based on a process of information, the second model is based on a process of communication, and the third and last model is based on a process of elimination, where the function of gatekeeping is taken over by people outside the newsrooms. All three models have been part of the history of journalism from the very beginning, but their importance for news reporters and the news media have changed with the invention of new technological means, methods and tools. This reassessment of the principles, practices and new technological platforms for gatekeeping concludes by discussing the ways in which our models of journalism can affect not only researchers but also news reporters and audiences.     

基于DRM技术的电子书服务模式的构建

电子书阅读器和数字权利管理 (DRM)技术的结合将有效地解决数字化信息阅读障碍及其版权保护问题 ,从而刺激电子书出版业的繁荣。因此 ,电子书管理与服务将成为下一阶段数字图书馆建设的重要内容。本文依据电子书交换系统 (EBX)的DRM技术 ,构建了数字图书馆电子书服务的理论模式。     

试论制约数字信息长期保存的软瓶颈

数字信息长期保存是一个较复杂的问题。文章阐述了制约数字信息长期保存的五个瓶颈问题：标准问题、存储介质的选择问题、关键技术问题、管理问题以及安全问题。     

数字图书馆实施DRM的对策研究

简要论述数字版权管理(DRM)技术,认为其可为解决数字图书馆服务所面临的知识产权问题提供解决方案;从数字图书馆各类资源和服务对DRM的开发需求、数字图书馆服务商务模式的构建、DRM开发经费的投入与产出、技术选择和应用以及选择适度的DRM技术方案等方面提出数字图书馆实施DRM的对策建议。     

Where Do Facts Matter?

Print magazines are unique among nonfiction media in their dedication of staff and resources to in-depth, word-by-word verification of stories. Over time, this practice has established magazines’ reputation for reliability, helped them retain loyal readers amid a glut of information sources, and protected them from litigation. But during the past decade, websites, mobile platforms, and social media have expanded the types of stories and other content that magazines provide for readers. Doing so has shortened the time between the creation and dissemination of content, challenging and in some cases squeezing out fact-checkers’ participation. This study examines the procedures applied to stories in magazines and their non-print platforms, seeking to discern what decisions were made in response to the speed of digital publication, what effects these decisions have had, what lessons have been learned and what changes have been made over time. The results suggest that fact-checking practices for print content remain solidly in place at most magazines, if executed with diminished resources; however, magazine media are also exploring new processes to ensure accuracy and protect their reputations in an accelerated media environment.     

Digital Publishing from the Library: A New Core Competency

In the earlier years of the Web, libraries focused on moving services online and building digital collections, but in recent years, libraries have emerged as key players in the world of digital publishing. Librarians possess all of the necessary skills to act as digital publishers; they join the ranks of many others who have discovered the barriers around digital publishing are lower than ever. Library-based digital publishing solutions have matured to a point that the act of digital publishing could—and should—become a new core competency for the library profession. To explore this hypothesis, the researchers offer a working definition of digital publishing and assess the key roles that traditional publishers have historically offered over time. They find that librarians already possess the requisite skills to become digital publishers, and the collaborative culture of the library profession is a strength for this new role. Examples of digital publishing from two libraries at the University of California-Berkeley offer a proof of concept. Services at these libraries include the conceptualization of overall Web site strategies, a content plan that emphasizes distinctive and original material, and special projects that promote digital publishing at the local level, even as they take advantage of campus- or system-level services. Researchers find that offering library-based Web publishing services can reinforce overall information management programs and also advance the status of libraries within their respective host organizations. The comparative ease of digital publishing has opened an opportunity for librarians to follow the user as they use the Web in creative ways.     

基于混合云的高校图书馆存储方案研究

随着高校图书馆数字化建设的推进,产生了大量宝贵的数字资源。高校图书馆正面临越来越大的存储压力,现有的DAS、NAS和SAN三大类存储技术各有缺点,渐渐不能很好地满足高校图书馆日益增长的存储需求。高校数字资源根据性质可分为四大类,各类具有不同的存储需求。基于混合云的存储方案,可以针对不同类的资源,采用不同的存储策略,在存储访问速度、动态拓展容量、安全备份、异地容灾等方面都能很好地满足现在高校图书馆的存储需求。     

美国大学图书馆馆藏资源组织进展

文章对美国大学图书馆在信息资源组织与利用方面的创新与实践进行梳理总结,以期为国内图书馆的资源建设提供借鉴。选取美国顶尖的11所大学图书馆作为考察对象,重点介绍它们在馆藏特色文献数据化、资源多样化收集与元数据整合、数字资源全生命周期管理方面的特色和进展。图书馆在资源服务方面所扮演的角色在不断演变,美国大学图书馆正借助先进的信息生产、存储和传递技术,向着实现信息资源共建、共知和共享的目标迈进。国内图书馆需要关注新兴技术,加强特藏资源开发,促进纸质与数字资源融合,优化数字资源业务流程。